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高考最常考单词及其拓展用法(1)

2021-12-23 来源:易榕旅网
1. aid

n. 1)援助 economic/humanitarian aid 经济/人道主义援助 2)辅助设备 a hearing aid 助听器 v. 帮助

近义词:1)assist:assist sb in/with 2)support

搭配:1)in aid of sth/sb 为了帮助某事/人

2)What’s … in aid of? …究竟是为啥(发生) 3)give aid to sb 给…帮助 4)aid and abet 同谋 造句:1. 幻灯片是有用的教具。

PowerPoint makes useful teaching aids. 2. 额外的一千万美元外国援助款已经得到保证。

An extra $10 million in foreign aid has been promised. 3. 这哭叫声究竟是为了什么? What’s all this crying in aid of?

4. 香港明星举办演唱会的目的在于给玉树的受难者提供帮助。

The aim of the concert produced by stars from Hong Kong is to

give aid to victims from YuShu. 5. 她被控是这起爆炸事件的共犯。

She stands accused of aiding and abetting the bombing.

2. event n. 大事;(体育运动的)比赛项目

词性扩展:1)eventful adj. 充满大事的;多事故的 2)eventual adj. 最后的 3)eventually adv. 最终

近义词:1)occurrence:(正式用语)表示发生的频率 2)incident:常指不平常或令人不快的小事 3)happening:指不平常或奇怪的事

搭配:1)in any event/ at all events 不管怎样;无论如何 2)in the event 结果;到头来 3)in the event of sth 如果…发生

造句:1. 我们现在做出的决定可能会对未来事情的发展产生影响。

The decisions we take now may influence the course of events in the future.

2. 110米栏是下午最令人期待的一项比赛。

The 110 hurdle race is the most exciting event of the afternoon.

3. 离婚在这个国家已是习以为常的事。

Divorce has become a common occurrence in this country. 4. 这部影片是以现实生活中的一些事情为素材拍摄的。 The movie is based on real-life incidents.

5. 我对英语考试提心吊胆,但其实我本不必担心,这次考试的确很容易。 I got very nervous about the exam, but in the event, I needn’t have worried; it was really easy.

3. rush

vi. 迅速移动 vt. 催促 n. 冲;匆忙;(交通等)繁忙 近义词:1)haste n. 匆忙

2)hurry v. n. 匆忙;催促(hurry sb into doing sth) 3)hustle v. 催促(hustle sb into sth) 搭配:1)rush hour (上下班时的)交通高峰期 2)rush sb to a hospital 把某人急送医院 3)rush sth out 仓促生产;赶制 造句:1. 我们不急着要孩子。

We don’t want to rush into having a baby. 2. 购物者冲向出口。

Shoppers made a rush for the exits. 3. 编辑们赶着将坠机事件编入最新新闻报道。

The editors rushed out an item on the crash for the latest news. 4. 我们只能匆匆忙忙地吃饭。 We had to rush our meal. 5. 不要在交通高峰期间出行。 Don’t travel at rush hour.

4. carry v. 传送;携带;承担;承载

近义词:传送;输送: 1)convey sb/sth from…to… 2)deliver sth to sb/sth

承担:shoulder/undertake/bear/assume 搭配:1)carry out 执行(计划,命令);贯彻 2)carry…with 随身携带 3)carry on 进行

4)carry through 实现;完成 造句:1. 她怀里抱着她的婴儿。

She carried her baby in her arms. 2. 静脉把血液输送到心脏。

The veins carry blood to the heart. 3. 别停下来,请继续你的演讲。

Don’t stop. Please carry on (with) your speech. 4. 我们已经进行了改革,并且取得了一些进展。

We have carried out the reform and made some progress. 5. 他们那个小组被选中成为裁员的目标。

Their group was targeted to carry the burden of job losses.

5. imagine v. 想象;设想

词性扩展:1)image n. 形象;概念

2)imaginary adj. 想象的;虚构的 3)imagination n. 想象;想象力 近义词:1)fancy

2)visualize:visualize sth as sth

3)fantasize:fantasize about sth 4)picture: sb as sth

搭配:1)imagine sb doing 设想某人做某事 2)imagine sb to be 设想某人成为 造句:1. 我现在无法设想没有了孩子们的生活。

I can’t imagine life without the children now. 2. 闭上眼睛,设想自己在森林里。

Close your eyes and imagine that you are in a forest. 3. 不要一味凭空想象。

Don’t let your imagination run away with you. 4. 赤道是一条假想的环绕地球腰部的线。

The equator is an imaginary line around the middle of the earth.

5. 她想象着自己走进办公室,递上辞呈。

She imagined walking into the office and handing in her resignation.

6. aspect n. 方面;样子,外观 近义词:side/ area

搭配:in this aspect 在这方面

造句:1. 这本书旨在涵盖城市生活的各个方面。

The book aims to cover all aspects of city life.

2. 她觉得她已从各个角度去考虑了这个问题。

She felt she had looked at the problem from every aspect. 3. 训练计划的范围包括了这种工作的各个方面。

The training program covers every aspect of the job. 4. 这是他过去没有了解到的她的性格的一个方面。

This is one aspect of her character he hadn’t seen before. 5. 事情开始呈现较为不祥的征兆。

Events began to take on a more sinister aspect.

7. touch

n./v. 触摸;接触;感动 近义词:contact 接触 move 感动

近音字:torch n. 手电筒;火炬 形近字:tough adj. 坚韧的;难做的

搭配:1)be in/out of touch with 有/无联系;了解/不了解 2)get/keep in touch with 与…取得/保持联系 3)lose touch with 与…失去联系 造句:1. 你弯腰够得着你的脚趾吗? Can you touch your toes?

2. 小心!你的外衣别蹭着还没有干的油漆。

Watch out! Don’t let your coat touch the wet paint.

3. 他的话确实触动了我的心弦。

What he said really touched my heart. 4. 我与所有的老朋友都失去了联系。 I lost touch with all my old friends. 5. 及时掌握最新研究情况很重要。

It is important to keep in touch with the latest research.

8. strange adj. 奇怪的;陌生的

词性扩展:1)strangely adv. 异常地;奇怪的;不可思议地 2)strangeness n.

3)stranger n. 陌生人;外地人;新来者

近义词:1)奇怪的:odd/queer/surprising/unusual/peculiar/freakish 2)陌生的:unfamiliar/alien/unknown/foreign 反义词:熟悉的:familiar/known 搭配:1)strange to sb 对…不熟悉

2)feel strange 感觉不自在;感觉不舒服 3)strange to say 说来奇怪 造句:1. 酷暑难当,我逐渐感到不舒服。

It was terribly hot and I started to feel strange. 2. 童年的印象经久不忘,真是不可思议。

It’s strange how childhood impressions linger. 3. 说来奇怪,我不太喜欢看电视剧。

Strange to say, I don’t really enjoy watching TV series. 4. 千万不要搭陌生男人的车。

Never accept lifts from strange men.

5. 她用十分异样的目光看你这我,仿佛是我偷了她名贵的手表。 She was looking at me in a very strange way as if I had taken

her valuable wrist watch.

9. transport vt. (用交通工具)运输;运送;输送 词性扩展:1)transportation n. 交通;运输;客运;货运 2)transporter n. 大型载重运输车 3)transportable adj. 可运输的;可运送的 近义词:输送:deliver/carry/convey 形近字:transplant v. 移植(器官);移栽

搭配:1)on/by public transport 乘坐公共交通工具旅行 2)means of transport 代步工具

3)in transports of joy/delight/grief 欣喜若狂;兴高采烈;悲痛欲绝 造句:1. 当听到一则坏消息时,她悲痛欲绝。

She was in transports of grief at the sad news. 2. 血液把氧气输送到全身。

Blood transports oxygen around the body. 3. 自行车是他唯一的代步工具。

His bike is his only means of transport.

4. 这些种子是由风传播的。

The seeds are transported by the wind. 5. 我们大部分行李都是海运的。

Most of our luggage was transported by sea.

10. warm

adj. 暖和的;热情的;暖色调的 v. 使温暖;使变得更友好

词性扩展:1)warmer n. 保暖衣;加热器 2)warming n. 加温;温暖;变暖 3)warmth n. 温暖;热情 近义词:温暖的:mild/temperate

热情的:passionate/enthusiastic 反义词:凉爽的:cool

冷漠的:detached/unconcerned/indifferent/emotionless/icy 近音形近字:warn

搭配:1)warm up (使)活跃起来;预热;热身 2)warm to/towards sb 开始喜欢上(某人) 3)warm to/towards sth 对…更加感兴趣

造句: 1. 演出之前, 他先说了几个笑话把观众的情绪调动起来。

He warmed up the audience by telling a few jokes before the show began.

2. 你会在这里感到暖烘烘的。

You’ll be as warm as toast in here. 3. 演讲者受到热烈的欢迎。

The speaker was given a warm welcome. 4. 这个房间是用红色和橙色这些暖色调装饰的。

The room was decorated in warm shades of red and orange. 5. 这酒使他浑身发暖轻松起来。

The alcohol warmed and relaxed him.

11. shanghai n. 上海 v. 诓骗;强迫 近义词: 1)欺骗

deceive:deceive sb into doing cheat:cheat at sth;cheat on sb dupe:dupe sb into doing sth

swindle:swindle sb out of sth;swindle sth out of sb defraud:defraud sb of sth take in 2)强迫

force:force sb into sth/into doing sth

compel

coerce:coerce sb into sth/into doing sth 搭配:shanghai sb into doing sth 造句:1. 上海是一个国际大都市。

Shanghai is an international metropolis. 2. 她丈夫多年来一直在欺骗她。

Her husband had been deceiving her for years. 3. 你们不许看答案,那是作弊。

You’re not allowed to look at the answers —— that’s cheating.

4. 我觉得必须写信告诉你我是多么欣赏你的书。

I feel compelled to write and tell you how much I enjoyed your book.

5. 总统被迫辞职。

The president was forced to resign. 12. mint

【u】:薄荷 【c】:薄荷糖;铸币厂 v. 铸(币);铸造(硬币)

词性扩展:1)minted adj. 新生产的;薄荷味的 2)minty adj. 薄荷味的 近义词:coin (用金属)铸币

搭配:in mint condition 崭新;完美 a mint 大量的钱

造句:1. 我用小薄荷枝装点水果色拉。

I decorated the fruit salad with a sprig of mint. 2. 我最喜欢使用薄荷味的牙膏。

Mint-flavored toothpaste is my favorite. 3. 如今网路上的新词已经越来越普遍了。

The newly minted expressions on the internet have become more and more common.

4. 他从小的梦想就是长大后能赚大钱。

What he dreamed of in his childhood is to make a mint. 5. 刘翔已经恢复了伤并且以极佳的状态出现在公众面前。

Liu Xiang has recovered from his injury and showed up in mint condition.

13. manager n. 经理

词性扩展:1)manage v. 完成(困难的事); 管理;经营 2)manageable adj. 可操纵的;可处理的 3)management n. 经营;管理 4)manageress n. 女经理;女老板 5)managerial adj. 经理的;管理的 6)managed adj. 被照看的;受监管的

搭配:1)the sales/marketing/personnel manager 销售/市场/人事部经理 造句:1. 尽管他很失望,他还是勉强露出一丝微笑。

In spite of his disappointment, he managed a weak smile. 2. 经常使用护发剂来使你的头发柔软而且易于梳理。

Use conditioner regularly to make your hair soft and manageable.

3. 报告归咎于管理不善。

The report blames bad management. 4. 你有没有什么管理经验?

Do you have any managerial experience? 5. 五月四号早上将要召开地区经理会议。

The meeting of area managers is going to be held on May 4th.

14. vitamin n. 维生素;维他命

形近词:victim n. 受害者;牺牲者;牺牲品 造句:1. 柑橘里含有丰富的维生素C。 Oranges are rich in vitamin C. 2. 她是一起纵火案的无辜受害者。

She was the innocent victim of an arson attack. 3. 医生建议她多吃点维生素丸。

The doctor suggested that she should take some vitamin pills. 4. 充足的维生素摄取对于孩子的成长是非常有利的。

Rich absorption of vitamins is beneficial to children’s growth. 5. 学校是削减公共开支的最新的牺牲品。

Schools are the latest victims of cuts in public spending.

15. train n. 火车

v. 训练;锻炼;培养

词性扩展:1)trainee n. 实习生 2)trainer n. 运动鞋;教练员 3)training n. 训练

近义词:1)drill v. 训练 drill sb in sth 2)discipline v. 3)teach

搭配:train sth at/on sb/sth 把(枪口、相机、灯光等)瞄准,对准 造句:1. 他们早起是为了赶上开往伦敦的火车。

They get up early so that they can catch the train to London. 2. 他们训练狗嗅出毒品。

They train dogs to sniff out drugs. 3. 你可以培养自己有乐观思想的能力。

You can train your mind to think positively. 4. 他小心地把枪口瞄准了嫌疑犯。

He carefully trained his gun on the suspect.

5. 我正在为赛跑进行训练。 I am training for the race.

16. remind v. 提醒;使想起

词性扩展:1)reminder n. 引起回忆的事物;通知单 2)reminisce v. 回忆;追忆

3)reminiscence n. 回忆录;回忆;引起联想的相似事物 4)reminiscent adj. 怀旧的 近义词:1)remember 2)recall

搭配:1)remind sb about/of sth 提醒;使想起 2)remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事 造句:1. 这股气味使我想起了法国。

That smell reminds me of France. 2. 旅客们请注意,本次列车禁止吸烟。

Passengers are reminded that no smoking is allowed on this train.

3. 我们一晚上回忆往事,感到很愉快。

We spent a happy evening reminiscing about the past. 4. 她的音乐随时让人想起非洲音乐的节奏。

Her music is full of reminiscences of African rhythms. 5. 他笑的样子让人很容易想起他的父亲。

The way he laughed was strongly reminiscent of his father.

17. sell v. 卖,出售;推荐 词性扩展:1)seller n. 销售者 2)sale n. 出售;廉价出售

近音词:sail vi. 航行;vt. 航行于;驾驶(船);n. 帆 搭配:1)be sold out 售完

2)sell sth off 甩卖;出售(产业、公司或土地) 造句:1. 他们把公司亏本让出。

They sold the business at a loss. 2. 应聘面试的时候,你真得推销你自己。

You really have to sell yourself at a job interview. 3. 林宥嘉的演唱会门票已经全部售空。

The tickets for Yoga’s concert are completely sold out. 4. 教会卖掉了那块地皮,用来盖房子。 The Church sold off the land for housing. 5. 大多数超市都在售卖这种薄荷味的牙膏。

Most of the supermarkets are selling this mint-flavored toothpaste.

18. retail n. 零售;v. 零售;以…价格销售 词性扩展:retailer n. 零售商

反义词:批发:do wholesale/sale by bulk 近音词:retire v. 退休

形近词:retain v. 保持;聘请(律师等) 搭配:retail at/for sth 以…价格销售 造句:1. 建议零售价为10美元。

The recommended retail price is $10. 2. 这本书的零售价为15美元。 The book retails at $15.

3. 公司生产并零售自己的运动服装系列。

The firm manufactures and retails its own range of sportswear. 4. 他曾努力保持对局势的控制。

He struggled to retain control of the situation. 5. 这所房子保留了许多原有的魅力。

The house retains much of its original charm.

19. goal n. 球门;射门;目标 近义词:1)射门:shoot

2)目标:target; objective; aim; purpose 搭配:1)in goal 守门

2)achieve a goal 完成目标 3)long-term goal 长远目标 4)score a goal 进球

造句:1. 曼联的守门员是谁? Who is in goal for Menu? 2. 利物浦一三比一获胜。

Liverpool won by three goals to one. 3. 大学毕业生都在为实现他们的目标而努力。

Graduates take great pains to achieve their goals. 4. 这家公司已完成今年所有的指标。

The company has achieved all its goals this year. 5. 贝克汉姆踢进了致胜的一球。

The winning goal was scored by Beckham.

20. habit n. 习惯;习性;(吸毒、喝酒、抽烟的)瘾 词性扩展:1)habitable adj. 适合居住的

2)habitat n. (动植物的)生活环境 3)habitation n. 居住 4)habitual adj. 惯常的

5)habituated adj. 熟悉(某事)的 近义词:1)习惯;习性:custom

2)瘾:addiction/obsession

搭配:1)be in the habit of doing=have the/a habit of 有…的习惯 2)break the habit 改掉习惯

3)form the habit of doing sth 养成做某事的习惯

4)get/fall into the habit of doing sth 养成做某事的习惯 造句:1. 很多孩子都有咬指甲的讨厌习惯。

Many children have the irritating habit of biting their nails. 2. 我正试图改掉熬夜的习惯。

I’m trying to break the habit of staying up too late. 3. 他戒过烟,但就是戒不掉。

He’s tried to give up smoking but just can’t kick the habit. 4. 习惯是第二天性。 Habit is second nature.

5. 我通常没有借钱给人的习惯,但这一回我会破例。

I am not in the habit of lending money, but I make an exception in this case.

21. apathy n. 冷漠;淡漠

词性扩展:1)apathetic adj. 冷漠的 2)apathetically adv. 近义词:1)detachment 2)unconcern 3)indifference 4)coolness 5)lethargy 反义词:热情:1)zeal

2)enthusiasm 3)ardor 4)passion 造句:1. 选名普遍态度冷淡。

There is widespread apathy among the electorate. 2. 疾病使她冷漠,不愿见人。

The illness made her apathetic and unwilling to meet people. 3. 她对眼前发生的事感到很超然。

She felt a sense of detachment from what was going on. 4. 她的话对于我来说完全无关紧要。

What she said is a matter of complete indifference to me. 5. 她从未失去过教书的热忱。

She never lost her enthusiasm for teaching. 22. line

n. 线;边界线;生产线 v. 排成行

近义词:brink 边沿;边缘

搭配:1)in line 成一排;成一直线 2)hold the line 不要放下电话 3)line up 排列成行 造句:1. 在此页上横画一条粗黑线。

Draw a thick black line across the page. 2. 人群站在街道两旁观看赛跑。

Crowds of people lined the streets to watch the race. 3. 汽车排队等候上船。

Cars lined up waiting to board the ship. 4. 他被判犯有非法越境偷运武器罪。

He was convicted of illegally importing weapons across state lines.

5. 他把瓶子排列在架子上。

He lined the bottles up along the shelf.

23. sound n. 声音;响声

v. 听起来好像;发出声音

adj. 明智的,合理的;完好的,健康的;酣畅的,香甜的 adv. 酣(睡)

词性扩展:1)soundless adj. 无声的;静寂的 2)soundly adv. 酣(睡);明智地 3)soundness n. 近义词:声音:voice

明智的,合理的:reasonable/sensible/rational/legitimate 完好的:intact

健康的:healthy/fit

搭配:1)sound off about sth 高谈阔论

2)sound sb out about/on sth 试探某人(对某事)的看法 造句:1. 他蹑手蹑脚地溜进房子里,尽量不弄出一点声响。 He crept into the house trying not to make a sound. 2. 磁带的音响效果极佳。

The sound quality of the tapes was excellent. 3. 他的声音在电话里听着挺怪的。

His voice sounded strange on the phone. 4. 他对这些问题掌握得很全面。

He has a sound grasp of the issues. 5. 我们安然无恙地倒了家。

We arrived home safe and sound.

24. complain v. 抱怨;埋怨;发牢骚 词性扩展:complaint n. 抱怨;投诉 近义词:grumble/mutter/murmur 搭配:1)complain about 抱怨 2)complain of 诉说(病痛)

造句:1. 她虽然从不抱怨,但显然已疲惫不堪。

She never complains. But she’s obviously exhausted. 2. 她说自己头疼,很早就离开了。

She left early, complaining of a headache. 3. 他老是抱怨天气。

He is always complaining about the weather. 4. 病人诉说头痛。

The patient complained of headache. 5. 他愤懑地诉说他所受到的不公平待遇。

He complained bitterly that he had been unfairly treated.

25. plain

adj. 清楚的;坦诚的;简易的;单色的;平凡的;相貌平平的(尤指女人) n. 平原

adv. (用于强调)简直

词性扩展:1)plainly adv. 清楚地;简单明了地;简朴地 2)plainness n.

近义词:1)清楚的: distinct/clear/obvious/evident

2)平凡的:ordinary/routine/commonplace/featureless 反义词:1)模糊的:blurred/indistinct/dim/vague/indefinite/fuzzy/hazy 2)卓越的:outstanding/brilliant/remarkable/excellent/prominent Superb/eminent 近音词:plan

搭配:1)be plain sailing 顺利;一帆风顺

2)in plain English 用简明的英语

3)as plain as the nose on your face 一清二楚 造句:1. 他明确表示要我们离开。

He made it plain that we should leave. 2. 事实显而易见。

The facts were plain to see. 3. 教堂内部朴素无华。

The interior of the church was plain and simple. 4. 这项工作不需要任何特殊技能,只要有普通常识就够了。

You don’t need any special skills for this job, just plain common sense.

5. 他是一位说话直率出了名的一个政治人物。

He is a politician with a reputation for plain speaking.

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