初中英语语法----介词
介词是一种用来表示:词与词,词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句子成分。后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。常见的介词用法： 一.on 1.表地点“在------上面” 2.表时间: 表示 “在具体某一天（的上午、下午或晚上）”（具体到“天”） ②表示“在星期几（的上午、下午或晚上）” 二．in 1.表方位“在------里面” There is a pen in the pencil-box.铅笔盒里有一支钢笔。 There is a book on the desk.桌子上有一本书。 on Monday在星期一 on Monday morning在星期一的早上 on January fifth 在1月5日 on the afternoon of May 1 在五月一日的下午 2表地点： I live in Beijing. 我住在北京。 表示 “在大地方” Jiangsu lies in the east of China. 江苏在中国的东部。 ②表示“在…范围内”（属于该范围）。 3.表时间： in 2015 在2015年 ①表示 “在较长时间,如年、季节、月in April 在四月 等” （不具体到“天”） in the morning/afternoon/evening 在早上/下午/晚上 ②表示“在------（早上、下午、晚上）” 4. 使用某种语言、材料等。 三．at
1.表地点：表示在小地方 I am at school today. 我今天在学校。 at class/ home/ the library/ the office 在班上/家里/图书馆/公 司 2.表时间“在钟点、正午”等，“在周末”以及“在……岁时”。 四．表方位的介词（短语） 1.in 2.on 3.over 表示“在…… 里面” There is a pen in the pencil-box.铅笔盒里有一支钢笔。 表示“在……上面”There is a book on the desk.桌子上有一本书。 （与物体表面接触） 表示“在……上面”There is a bridge over the river.河上有一座桥。 （位于正上方，与物 体表面不接触） 表示“在……下面”There is a cat under the bed.床底下有一只猫。 （位于正下方，与物体表面不接触），反义词是over 在……之前 Mike sits before me. 迈克坐在我前面。 1
They speak to us in English.他们用英语和我们讲话。 Please write in ink. 请用钢笔写。 at six 在6点钟 at noon/night在中午/夜晚 at the weekend 在周末 at sixteen/at the age of sixteen 在16岁的时候 4.under 5.before
6.behind 7.beside 8.near 9.next to 在------后面 在------旁边 在------附近 紧挨着 There is a broom behind the door.门后有一把扫帚。 A football is beside the door. 一个足球在们旁边。 There is a book shop near our school.我们学校附近有一个书店。 She sat down next to him on the sofa. 她紧挨着他在沙发上坐下了。 A boy is standing in front of the house.一个男孩站在房前。 Our school is in the middle of the city. 我们的学校在城市的中心。 The bookstore is on the right / left of the post office. 书店在邮局的右边/左边。 This book is for you.这本书给你。 We have some hamburgers for lunch.我们午饭吃汉堡。 Thank you for telling me the way to the zoo.谢谢你告诉我们去动物园的路。 Take your books to the classroom.把书带到教室里。 Happy birthday to you. 祝你生日快乐。 Give the book to your friend.把书给你的朋友。 He is kind to me. 他对我很友好。 Please write with a pen.请用钢笔写。 He went to Shenzhen with his parents. 我和父母一起去了深圳。 I go to school by bike.我骑自行车去上学。 My father goes to work by car.我爸爸开车去上班。 10.in front of 在------前面 11.in the 在------中间 middle of 12.on/the right/ left of 在------右边/左边 五．其他常用介词 1.for 给；为；因为 2.to 到；对； 向 3.with 用（ 表示用工具）；和------一起 指用某种交通工具 4. by 5. of 6. from ------的（表所属关系） His father is a teacher of our school.他的爸爸是我们学校的一个老师。 来自；从------到------（from --- to） 像------；长相------ 关于；大约；------怎么样？ I am from China. = I come from China.我来自中国。 We have class from Monday to Friday.我们从周一到周五上课。 The twins are like their father.双胞胎像她们的爸爸。 What’s your brother like? 你的哥哥长得怎们样？ He told many stories about his father. 他讲了许多关于爸爸的故事。 It’s about 6:00 now.现在大约是六点钟。 I like the film. What / How about you ? 我喜欢这部影片，你呢？ There is a football match between Class One and Class Three. 一班和三班有一场足球赛。 7. like 8. about 9. between 10.among 在------与------之间（在两者之间） 在------与------之间Tom is among the tallest boys in our class. （三者或三者以上） 汤姆是我们班最高的男孩之一。 2
练一练 介词填空
1.My father begins work ________ 8：00 ________ the morning ． 2.Do the students stay ________ home ________ Saturday？ 3.My mother cut the cake ________ a knife 4.We live______ a new house now. 5.Shanghai is ____ the east of China. 6. I usually have lunch ____ noon.
7. It’s eight o’clock. It’s time ________ class. 8. _____ half past six , he usually has dinner.
9. We have lessons _____eight o’clock ___ twelve o’clock. 10.I go there _____ my friend _____ bike. 11.There is a bridge_____ the river. 12.This is a photo _____ my family. 13.Tom comes _____ England. 14.My bed is _____ the window. 15.He looks_____ his father. 16.What's this _____ English? 17.The pen is_____ the pencil-box.
18. The bookstore is _____ the right of our school. 19.There are some pictures _____ the wall. 20.My telephone is _____the bed and the sofa. 选择
( ) 1. It’s time ______ supper. A. at
B. in
C. on
D. for
( ) 2. It’s no time ______ school. It’s time ______ go back home. A. to, for B. to, to C. for, to ( ) 3. Mr Brown comes ______ America. A. at
B. from
C. in
3
D. to
( ) 4. What’s this _____ English? A. in
B. at
C. on
D. under
( ) 5. Sometimes I go to school _____ foot. A. by
B. in
C. on
D. with
( ) 6. Count （数）_____ one _____ ten. A. from, by
B. from, to
C. to, to
D. at, to
( ) 7.My sister is looking ____ her new shoes now. A. at
B. after
C. for
D. to
( ) 8. A: Do you listen to the radio _______ a long time? B: No, I often listen to it ______________ twenty minutes. A. for, to B. for, for C. to, for ( ) 9. I usually play table tennis ________ school. A. after B. when C. by
( ) 10. A: Do many children in our class often skate ________ winter? B: Yes, they usually have fun _______ winter. A. in, in B. on, on C. at, at ( ) 11.She does her homework ______ half an hour every day. A. in B. for C. /
( ) 12. When is May Day? It’s _______ the first of May. A. on B. in C. at
( )13. They will move to the new school ______ next Monday. A. on B. in C. /
( ) 14.He always goes to school at 7:00 ______ every day. A. on B. in C. / ( ) 15. Have you got a book _______ America？
A. under B. about C. write
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