定语从句关系代词的特殊用法

定语从句关系代词的特殊用法

[摘 要]定语从句一直是高中语法的重点，大多数学生都能掌握关系代词的基本用法，但对关系代词的特殊用法知之甚少。根据本人近几年的教学经验，就关系代词的特殊用法做了总结。

[关键词]定语从句 关系代词 用法

一、限定性定语从句

1.先行词有人也有物，关系代词用that。

e.g. They are talking about things and persons that they can remember.

2.先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰时，关系代词只用that。

e.g. He is the last person that I want to see.

It is the first American movie of this kind that I have ever seen.

3.先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词修饰时，关系代词只用that。

e.g. This is the best way that has been used against pollution.

This is the most interesting book that I have read.

4.先行词是人或物，被the only, the very 修饰时，只用that。

e.g. This is the very book that I have been looking for.

He was the only person that knew how to repair the machine.

5主句以疑问词who，which，what 开头的疑问句，定语从句关系代词为了避免重复用that。

e.g. Who is the man that is dressed in black. Which is the book that you borrowed from the library?

6.先行词指物，是anything，something，everything，nothing，all，little，

much，some，none等不定代词时，关系代词用that.

e.g.All that can be done has been done. We haven’t got much that we can offer you.

7.先行词是物，前被every，some，no，little，much，few，all，one等修饰时，关系代词只用that。

e.g. There are some clothes that have been out of fashion in the shop.

Do you have any books that are related to information technology?

8.当先行词被one of 修饰时，关系代词只用that，且谓语动词用单数形式，当one of +先行词前被the，the only修饰时，关系代词仍用that，但谓语动词用复数形式。

e.g. Titanic is one of the most wonderful movies that have been produced in Holly Wood.

He is the only one of the students who knows Russian in our school.

9.当先行词被the same 修饰时，如指同一事物，关系代词用that，如指同类事物， 关系代词用as。

e.g. This is the same pen that I lost yesterday.这支钢笔就是我昨天丢的那一支。

This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.这支钢笔跟我昨天丢的一模一样。

10.如果两个定语从句出现在一个句子中，且第一个关系代词是that，第二个就用who；第一个关系代词用which，第二个就用that。

e.g. The man that I like is the one who is both competent and diligent.

I will borrow a book which tells about the heroic deeds that the PLA did in the battle against the invaders.

11.主句以“There be”开头，后定语从句的关系代词只用that。

E.g. There is a bed in the room that is still vacant.

二、非限定性定语从句

1.关系代词as引导非限定性定语从句，代表整个主句的意思，表示说话人关于某事的依据态度，含有“正如”的意思，可放在主句前、中间或句末。

e.g. As everybody knows, Taiwan belongs to China.

China is making rapid progress, as everybody can see.

2.关系代词which引导非限定性定语从句，代表整个主句的意思，表示事情的结果或影响，只可放在主句后。

e.g. He failed in the examination, which made his parents sad.

The scientist discovered a new element, which made him famous.

3.在非限定性定语从句中，关系代词whom，which 与 of 连用，常是不定代词/数词/分数/百分数/形容词的最高级+of whom（先行词为人），或不定代词/数词/分数/百分数/形容词的最高级+of which（先行词为物）。

e.g. The old man has four sons, three of whom are doctors.

The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.

I met the fruit-pickers, several of whom were college students.

China has a lot of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.

4.有时of whom 和 of which 可与不定代词/数词/分数/百分数/形容词的最高级调换位置。

e.g. The course normally attracts 20 students a year, of whom up to half will be from abroad.

参考文献

[1]于海深.英语定语从句及其引导词的使用[J].承德民族师专学报，2001(4).