2021北京高考考点 非谓语动词形式精讲与精练
应试口诀：现在分词表主动和进行； 过去分词表被动和完成； 不定式表目的和将来。
一．现在分词
1. 现在分词作状语
现在分词作状语可以表示时间(=when，as soon as )、原因(=as,since,because)、结果(=so that)、条件(=if,unless)、让步(=though,even if)等
1)Arriving at the school,I found my classmates already in their places ,ready to begin the class.
2)Hearing the cry for help, they all rushed out. 3)His parents died, leaving him a lot of money.
4)We were sitting by the window, talking about what happened yesterday. 5)A group of children ran out of the classroom, laughing and talking happily.
6)Having had supper,he went out for a walk.
7)Having lived in Beijing for 10 years he knows the city quite well.
8)Being asked to give a performance,she couldn’t very well refuse. 9)Being protected by a thick wall,they felt quite safe.
10)Having been given such a good chance, he wouldn’t give it up to others. 11)Having been praised by the teacher, the boy was very pleased.
2. 现在分词作作宾补
现在分词作宾补表示动作正在发生〔即处于发生的过程中，还没有结束，或是一个反复进行的动作〕
see,hear,notice,watch,keep,find,get,have,feel,listen to,look at,observe,catch,discover,leave,
1〕Suddenly he heard someone knocking gently on the window. 2〕I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. 3〕Do you see a girl running towards us? 4〕The lost boy was seen playing in the river.
5〕His words left me wondering what he was driving at. 6) I often catch him sleeping in class.
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二．过去分词
1. 过去分词作状语
分词可作时间、条件、结果、原因、伴随等状语，现在分词作状语，表示主动或进行的动作，过去分词状语表示被动或完成的动作，此时分词的逻辑主语是主句的主语，应注意人称、时态和语态的一致性。 原因:
1) Encouraged by the teacher,the students worked still harder than ever. 2) He soon fell asleep,tired by the journey.
3) Born into a poor family,he had to do part-time jobs when he was at school. 4) Sent to hospital without delay,the child was saved at last. 时间:
1) Seen from the hill,the city looks very beautiful. 2) Driven out of the house,the cat climbed up the tree. 3) Heated,the metal expands.
4) Left alone in the room,the boy began to cry 条件:
1) Given more time,we could have done it better. 2) Taken in time,the medicine will be quite effective.
3) Looked at in another way,it is a problem of great importance. 4) Permitted to do it once more ,Tom could have done a better job. 伴随:
1) He turned away, greatly disappointed.
2) The professor came into the lab, followed by a group of the students. 3) “OK,〞he said, pleased.
4) He came to greet us, dressed as a businessman. 5) They got home finally, tired and hungry. 特例
be dressed in ; be interested in ; be prepared for ; be disappointed at ; be crowded with ; be filled with ; be pleased with ;be amazed at; be caught in;
be absorbed in ; be satisfied with ; be lost in thought ; be concerned about ; be devoted to ; be trapped in ; be stuck in ; be annoyed with ……
2.过去分词作宾补
过去分词作宾补与宾语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，与补充说明的成分之间有被动或完成意义。带过去分词作宾补的动词常见的有： A.表示感官和心理状态的动词
see,hear,watch,look at,listento,notice,observe,find,feel,consider 1) She was very glad to see her son well looked after. 2) I have never heard the song sung in English. 3) He was surprised to find his room cleaned. 4) He didn’t notice his wallet stolen.
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5) I considered this problem settled.
B.表示“使役〞“致使〞的动词 get,have,keep,leave,make 1)When you speak,you should make yourself understood. 2)Please keep me informed of the latest development. 3)She will get the fence mended.
C.表示要求、希望、命令的动词 like,need,order,want,wish 1) Do you wish your breakfast brought to your room? 2〕I should like the matter settled immediately
D.过去分词用在“with +宾语＋宾补〞这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。如： 1)The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.
2)With many brightly-colored flowers planted around the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden.
3)With everything well arranged, he left the office.
E.过去分词、现在分词、和不定式作宾补的区别。
现在分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是主谓关系。其动作与谓语动作同时进行。 过去分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是动宾关系。其动作先于谓语动作。 不定式作宾补： 表一个完成的动作、或表一个很短时间内看到、听到或感觉到的具体动作。 eg: 1)He didn't notice me waiting. 2)I heard the song sung in English. 3)I saw him opening the window. 4)I saw the window opened.
5)I saw him open the window. 6)I heard her sing the song in English.
现在分词和过去分词作定语的比拟
现在分词作前置定语表示正在进行的主动动作。
过去分词作前置定语表示被动，且有已经完成的含义。可换成相应的定语从句。 boiling water boiled water the rising sun the risen sun
a burning stick a burned/burnt stick a broken cup
a falling tree a fallen tree the people questioned in the room the people singing in the room the people taking part
the boy sitting near the window the factory built last year the only ticket left
the students present at the meeting
三．不定式
1. 动词不定式〔短语〕作宾语
I will leave it to you to make the final decision. 我将由你来做最后的决定。 She decided to quit her job at last. 最后，她决定辞职。 I hope to see you soon. 我希望很快见到你。 注意：
1〕 在以下这些动词后面只能跟动词不定式〔短语〕作宾语：afford, agree, aim, ask, claim,
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choose, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, hope, manage, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, resolve, threaten, wish, want等。
2. 动词不定式〔短语〕作宾语补足语或在被动语态中作主语补足语
We'd love you to give us a hand. 我们想让你帮个忙。He was made to repair the broken chair. 要他修理弄坏的椅子。
She was seen to draw a wonderful picture. 有人见她作了幅美丽的画儿。 注意：
1〕在一些动词后，用作宾语补语的动词不定式符号to 要省略掉。这类动词包括感官动词以及使役动词，如feel, spot, look at, listen to, observe, see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let 等。但如果句子为被动语态，动词不定式〔短语〕为主补时，要带to〔let 除外〕。 I heard her sing a song in the next room yesterday. 我昨天听见她在隔壁唱过一首歌。 〔She was heard to sing a song in the next room yesterday.〕
I had John fix my bike. 我让约翰修理我的自行车。 The boy was made to go to bed early. 这男孩被迫早上床睡觉。
She was seen to walk into the classroom with a book under her arm. 有人看见她胳臂下夹着一本书走进了教室。
2. 动词不定式〔短语〕作定语
When the question was out, he was the first one to raise his hand. 问题一提出，他第一个举起手。
I am afraid I cannot attend your party,for I have too many things to do. [表将来] 恐怕我不能参加你的晚会了,因为我有好多事情要做。
注意：
a. 当被修饰的是不定代词如everything, anything, much, little 等，或被修饰的名词前被形容词最高级，序数词，the only等强调结构修饰时，非谓语动词作定语那么只能用动词不定式。
He was the last to realize the importance of this problem. 他没有及时意识到问题的重要性。 He is always the first to come and the last to leave. b. 以下名词后用不定式作定语。
chance decision wish promise plan time attempt effort right ability patience He had no time to think about rest.
Is that the best way to solve the problem.
3. 作目的状语
The whole family came out to see my performance. 全家人出来看我表演。 He called to say goodbye. 他打 来道别。 To catch the first bus, Li Lei started out early. I’m here to tell you a piece of good news.
四．动名词
考点：1. 作主语
Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。
Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣
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Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer.
在这种工作条件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。 Swimming is a good sport in summer.
2.作宾语
以下动词或短语后只能用动名词作宾语advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, give up, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put off, delay, practise, resist, suggest, depend on, think about, set about, succeed in, worry about, burst out, insist on, can’t stand, be used to, get used to, devote…to…, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to,escape 等。
以下动词后用不定式和动名词作宾语意思不同 try mean remember forget regret go on
2021北京高考各区一模二模
非谓语动词专练
1. During the weekend, the health club is usually full of people_____ to get in shape.
A.try B. tried C. trying D. having tried 【东城区一模】 2. –Can you give me a ride?
–Sorry. There is no room _____ in my car. 【东城区一模】 A. to leave B. leaving C. left D. being left 3. –Good news! There’s a supermarket _____in this area next month!
–Cool! It will be convenient for us when it’s open! 【东城区一模】 A. building B. built C. having built D. to be built
4. In China, New Year's Day isn't a big moment______ with the Spring Festival． A．comparing B．compared 【西城区一模】
C．to compare D．being compared
5. My granny does crossword puzzles each day ______ her mind sharp．【西城区一模】 A．to keep B．kept C．having kept D．to be kept
6. A new learning center has been built in the school, ______ students to get to know
the world more easily． 【西城区一模】 A．allow B．allowed C．to allow D．allowing
7. opinions on the schedule, we finally reached on agreement. 【海淀区一模】
A. Having exchanged B. Exchanging C. Exchanged D. To exchange 8. Mike will become the first person in his family college education. 【海淀区一模】
A. finished B. having finished C. finishing D. to finish 9. Premier Li Keqiang delivered a speech at the conference, university graduates to start their own business. 【海淀区一模】 A. encouraging B. to encourage C. having encouraged D. encouraged
10. Although ___ from illnesses for years, the old lady still faces her day with a smile.
A．suffered B．having suffered 【石景山区一模】 C．suffering D．having been suffered
11. The new software Emperor’s One Day gives children the chance ___ life as a ruler.
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A．experienced B．to experience 【石景山区一模】 C．being experienced D．having experienced
12. We are eager to see concrete measures against smog _______ in the near future. A．taken B．being taken 【石景山区一模】 C．to take D．take
13. Tom made an excellent speech without _______ his notes even for once. A．referred to B．being referred to 【石景山区一模】 C．referring to D．having referred to
14. The food _ in this way keeps fresh． 【丰台区一模】 A．prepare B．preparing C．to prepare D．prepared 15. _ to the house owner, the designer had a clear idea of what to do．【丰台区一模】 A．To talk B．Talked C．Having talked D．Being talked 16. Whenever I'm in trouble, I hear a voice _ in my head “ You can do it．\" 【丰台区一模】 A．to ring B．ringing C．rung D．having rung 17. The road _ next week leads to Highway 62． 【丰台区一模】 A．building B．to build C．to be built D．built
18. In order to keep fit, the old man makes it a rule _____ for a walk after supper every day.
【朝阳区一模】 A. going
A. to climb
B. climbing
C. climb
D. climbed
20. Comparison may make something appear more beautiful than it is when _____ alone. 【朝阳区一模】
A. seen
B. seeing
C. see
D. to see
B. to go C. go D. gone
19. Oh! I can feel something _____ up my leg! It must be an insect. 【朝阳区一模】
21. Sparing no thought for her own safety, she dived into the river ______ the child. A. saving B. being saved 【东城区二模】 C. to save D. to be saved
22. —What about going by coach? It’s cheap and comfortable. 【东城区二模】
—If we went that way, it would mean ______ more time than going by train. A. to spend B. spending C. spent D. being spent
23. Janet has worked in the manager’s office for five years, ______ with letters and documents. A. deal B. dealt 【东城区二模】 C. dealing D. to have dealt 24. ___ here if you want to get a better view of the mountain scenery. 【丰台区二模】
A. To come B. Coming C. Comes D. Come 25. John brought over my letter _______ to him by mistake. 【丰台区二模】
A. delivered B. to be delivered C. delivering D. having delivered 26. ___________ in hard seats for 6 hours, we finally stepped out of the train tiredly. A. Sitting B. Having sat 【丰台区二模】 C. To sit D. Sit
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27. Mo Yan grew up _________ folk tales that had been told for centuries in his
hometown. 【丰台区二模】 A. listening to B. listened to C. listen to D. to listen to
28. Working as a manager, Rebecca found it hard ______ between work and her family.
A. balancing B. to balance 【西城区二模】
C. to have balanced D. having balanced
29. ______ full preparations, Tony was quite confident about the coming interview. 【西城区二模】 A. Make B. Made C. To make D. Having made
30. Once ______, the book will surely attract readers’ attention since it is related to people’s health.
【西城区二模】 A. publishing
B. having published C. published
D. to publish
31. _____ the trip from Alaska to Argentina by bike, Gregg and Brooks worked and
saved money for years. 【朝阳区二模】 A. To pay for B. Paying for C. Paid for D. Pay for
32. ____ all my money on the car, I can’t afford a holiday with my friend this summer. A. Spending B. Spend 【朝阳区二模】 C. To spend D. Having spent
33. An exercise method _____ to improve strength and balance is becoming popular in the United States. A. designing B. designed 【朝阳区二模】 C. to be designed D. being designed
34. —What are your hobbies?
—My hobbies include and literature. 【海淀区二模】 A. to cook B. cook C. cooked 35. —Why do you want to go to the States?
D. cooking
— , sir. 【海淀区二模】 A. To travel B. Travelling C. Travelled D. Travel 36. Open your heart, and you will make yourself better . 【海淀区二模】
A. known B. Knowing C. to know D. know
2021北京高考 动名词专项训练
1. When you’re learning to drive, ________ a good teacher makes a big difference. A. have
B. having
C. and have
D. and having
2. Before you decide to leave your job, ________ the effect it will have on your family. A. consider
B. considering
C. to consider
D. considered
3. Remember ________ off the light when ________ to bed. A. turning, going B. to turn, to go C. turning, to go
D. to turn, going
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4. If the car won’t start, ________ it. A. try push
B. try pushing
C. to try pushing D. to try to push
5. One learns a language by making mistakes and ________ them. A. correct
B. correcting
C. corrects
D. to correct
6. While shopping, people sometimes can’t help ________ into buying something they don’t really need.
A. to persuade B. persuading
C. being persuaded
D. be persuaded
7. Once your business becomes international, ___constantly will be part of your life. A. you fly
B. your flight
C. flight
D. flying
8. ______ in a heavy traffic jam in a taxi while you are hurrying to the airport is quite an unpleasant experience.
A. Having caught B. Being caught C. Caught D. Having been caught 9. — Robert is indeed a wise man.
— Oh, yes. How often I have regretted ________ his advice! A. to take
B. taking
C. not to take
D. not taking
10. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area ________ A. need repairing B. needs to repair C. needs repairing D. need to repair 11. It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. ________the answers ready will
be of great help.
A. To have had B. Having had C. Have
D. Having
12. He got well prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk ___ the good
opportunity. A. to lose
B. losing
C. to be lost
D. being lost
13. Both of my parents insisted a computer for me, but I don’t think it is necessary. A. to buy
B. buying
C. on buying
D. in buying
14. She reached the top of the hill and stopped ________ on a big rock by the side of the path. A. to have rested
B. resting
C. to rest
D. rest
15. Compared to ___in the office, Kate found it more exciting to work as a teacher. A. work
.
B. having worked C. working D. be working
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