大学英语四级改革适用(段落翻译)模拟试卷216(题后含答案及解析)

大学英语四级改革适用（段落翻译）模拟试卷216 (题后含答案及解

析)

题型有： 4. Translation

Part Ⅳ Translation 1． 清明节(Tomb Sweeping Day)是中国最重要的传统节日之一。它起源于周朝(the Zhou Dynasty)，有2500多年的历史。清明节是中国人扫墓祭祖的重要日子。扫墓时，人们携带酒食果品和纸钱到墓地，将食物供祭在亲人墓前，为坟墓添加新土、焚烧纸钱、行礼祭拜、最后吃掉酒食回家。除了扫墓，人们还参与包括荡秋千、放风筝等各种活动。

正确答案： The Tomb Sweeping Day is one of the most important traditional festivals in China. It started from the Zhou Dynasty with a history of more than 2,500 years. The Tomb Sweeping Day is an important occasion for people to sweep the tombs and offer sacrifices to their ancestors. When visiting tombs, people carry wine, food, fruits and paper money. They put the food in front of the tombs, add some fresh soil to the tombs, burn paper money, kneel down in prayer and worship their ancestors, and finally eat up the food and drink the wine before going back home. Apart from sweeping the tombs, people also take part in a variety of activities, such as playing on a swing, flying kites, etc.

解析：1．第2句“它起源于周朝，有2500多年”中含有两个并列的动词“起源”和“有”，如果直译成并列结构，句子略显生硬，故把后半句处理成介词短语with a history of more than 2,500 years。2．第3句的主干是“清明节是……重要日子”，“日子”如果再译为day则与The Tomb Sweeping Day中的day重复，英语行文中忌讳重复用词，故换用同义单词occasion。其修饰成分较长，故把修饰成分放于occasion之后，作后置定语。3．第4句是典型的汉语句式：散句多、按照横排式表达。汉译英时应采用“断句”译法。根据动作先后关系，将整句话断为两个句子，“人们携带……到墓地”为一个句子。“将食物……吃掉酒食回家”为一连串动作的描述，采用并列排序方式合为另一句。句末的“吃掉酒食”如译为eat up the food and the wine则不符合英文的动宾搭配，和wine搭配的动词应为drink，故应表达为eat up the food and drink the wine。4．最后一句的“参与”与后面的“活动”搭配，故译成attend或take part in等。 知识模块：汉译英

2． 中国经济正处在转型的关键阶段。中国已经不能继续沿用高消耗、高投入的旧模式，而必须加大力度调整经济结构和转变经济增长方式。我国将继续推进行政管理(administrative management)、金融部门和物价的改革。服务业将愈发成为我国经济中的重要支柱。作为最大的就业容纳器，服务业为经济转型缓解就业压力。中国经济的升级(upgrading)也将为世界经济提供新的动力。

正确答案： Chinese economy finds itself at a crucial stage of transformation.

China can no longer continue with the old model of high consumption and high investment. Instead, more efforts should be made to adjust the economic structures and shift the mode of economic growth. We will continue to advance reforms of administrative management, financial sectors and pricing. The service sector will be an increasingly important pillar of our economy. As the biggest job provider, this sector helps ease employment pressure in economic transformation. The upgrading of the Chinese economy will give fresh power to the global economy.

解析：1．第1句“中国经济正处在转型的关键阶段”如果逐字对译为Chinese economy is at a crucial stage oftransformation略显死板生硬，可转用短语find oneself来表达，意为“不知不觉中发现自己处于某种状态”，使得“中国经济”有了生命的感觉，从而使行文更生动。2．第2句中的两个分句都较长，且各自具有完整的意思，故译为两个独立的句子，并由Instead连接。前一个分句中的“中国已经不能”可译为it is impossible for China to…或直接用China作主语，表达为China canno longer….后一个分句“而必须加大力度调整经济结构和转变经济增长方式”为无主语句，故考虑译为被动句，将动宾结构“加大力度”中的“力度”转化为被动句的主语，译作more efforts should be made to…。3．第3句的主干是“我国将继续推进……改革”，“行政管理、金融部门和物价”均是改革的具体内容，处理成后置定语，用“of+n．”的形式表所属，意为“……的”。4．倒数第2句中的“服务业为经济转型缓解就业压力”，“为某人做某事”对应的英文表达为help sb．(to) dosth．，经过分析发现，这里“为经济转型”实际上表达的是“在经济转型过程中”，故译为this sector helpsease employment pressure in economic transformation。 知识模块：汉译英

3． 传统中医(traditional Chinese medicine)可以不借助任何仪器给病人治病，堪称奇迹。“望”、“闻”、“问”、“切”(pulse taking)为传统中医诊断的四个方法。“望”指通过直接观察病人体表来了解情况。“闻”就是听声音、闻气味(odour)，病人的发声和气味有助于医生收集诊断信息。“问”为咨询症状及先前的治疗情况。“切”即医生给病人“把脉”从而得知病人体内的变化。

正确答案： It is a wonder that doctors of traditional Chinese medicine could cure patients without any assistant equipment. The four diagnostic methods of traditional Chinese medicine consist of observing, listening and smelling, inquiring and pulse taking. Observing indicates that doctors directly watch the outward appearance to find out a patient’s condition. Listening and smelling refers to listening the sound and smelling the odour of the patient, which is helpful for doctors to collect messages to diagnose. Inquiring suggests that doctors question the patient so as to know the symptoms and previous treatments. Pulse taking refers that doctors measure the pulse condition of patients to know their internal change.

解析：1．第1句句末的“堪称奇迹”，是对句子主干内容的补充说明，故可处理成非限制性定语从句which is awonder，置于句末；也可将其处理成It is a wonder that．．．句型，将原文的主句部分处理成that引导的同位语从句。2．第2句中的“望”、“闻”、“问”是翻译的难点，考生不能只看其字面义就译成seeing，smelling和asking，而需根据下文给出的具体定义来翻译。由下文可知，“望”实际是指观察病人，故可译为observing；“闻”包括“听”和“闻”两方面，故译

为listening and smelling；“问”指咨询、询问病人，故译为inquiring。3．最后四句对“望”、“闻”、“问”、“切”分别进行了解释，如果逐句对译为observing is…，listening and smellingis…，inquiring is…，pulse taking is…，则重复使用了is，显单调。译文采用了三个不同的谓语动词indicate，refer to，suggest，行文更生动。4．第4句有两个分句，其中后一个分句“病人的发声和气味有助于医生收集诊断信息”是对前面分句内容的补充说明，故将其处理成which引导的非限制性定语从句。 知识模块：汉译英

4． 《白蛇传》(Legend of the White Snake)是中国古代广为流传的民间故事之一。传说一条名叫“白素贞”的白蛇来到凡间与许仙结为夫妻。然而，他们的婚姻遭到法海和尚(Buddhist monk)的反对，因为法海认为人妖(evil spirit)不能结合。于是，法海将白素贞压在雷峰塔(pagoda)底。多年后，白素贞的儿子中了状元(Zhuangyuan title)，来到雷峰塔前跪拜母亲。这一切感动了天神，令雷峰塔倒塌，白素贞出塔，一家人终得以团聚。

正确答案： “Legend of the White Snake” is one of the folk tales widely circulated in ancient China. The tale goes that a white snake named Bai Suzhen came to the human world and married Xu Xian. Unfortunately, their marriage was opposed by a Buddhist monk named Fahai, who believed that the marriage between human and evil spirit could not be allowed. He then kept Bai Suzhen under the Leifeng Pagoda. Many years later, after gaining a Zhuangyuan title (the first place in the imperial examination), Bai Suzhen’s son knelt down in front of the Leifeng Pagoda. God was moved by his action and collapsed the pagoda from which Bai Suzhen is freed Finally, Bai Suzhen reunited with her husband and son.

解析：1．第1句中的定语“中国古代广为流传的”较长，故将其处理成后置定语，用分词短语widely circulated inancient China来表达。2．汉语中的故事开头“传说……”常表达为The tale goes that．．．。3．第3句中的“然而”译为unfortunately，带有同情弱者的感情色彩，使故事的论述语气一脉相承，比直译为however更生动传神。仔细分析“……遭到法海和尚的反对，因为法海认为……”后发现，两个分句都是论述法海，故用关系代词who引导定语从句来表示后一个分句，译作who believed that．．．，这样使句子结构更紧凑和自然。4．最后一句中的“(什么)感动了(谁)”译成英文时常用被动语序“(谁)be moved by(什么)”，故“这一切感动了天神”译为God was moved by his action。“雷峰塔倒”和“白素贞出塔”关联性较强，可用“塔”将两个分句连接起来，译作…collapsed the pagoda from which Bai Suzhen is freed，比直译为the pagodacollapsed and Bai Suzhen was freed out of the pagoda来得精彩。 知识模块：汉译英

5． 敦煌莫高窟(Dunhuang Mogao Caves)坐落于中国西部甘肃省。这些石窟刻于距离敦煌东南方向25公里处鸣沙山的悬崖上。敦煌莫高窟是规模最大、保存时间最长的佛教(Buddhist)艺术宝库，现存735个洞窟，壁画(frescoes)4万5千多平方米。这些壁画展现了佛(Buddha)的形象和活动以及人与神之间的关系。敦煌壁画中的舞蹈人物是全人类的一颗璀璨的宝石。敦煌莫高窟在1987年被列入世界遗产名录(World Heritage List)。

正确答案： Dunhuang Mogao Caves are located in western China’s Gansu Province. These caves were cut on a cliff 25 kilometers southeast to Dunhuang, on a mount called Mingsha. Dunhuang Mogao Caves are regarded the biggest and the longest preserved Buddhist art treasures, with more than 45,000 square meters of frescoes in 735 caves. Dunhuang frescoes display Buddha’s images and behaviour, and the relationship between Buddha and men. Dancing images in Dunhuang frescoes are a brilliant jewel for all human beings. Dunhuang Mogao Caves was on the World Heritage List in 1987.

解析：1．第2句中的定语“距离敦煌东南方向25公里处鸣沙山的”较长，故将其处理成后置定语，按英文的表达习惯，把相关性强的词语放一起，故将“鸣沙山”后置于cliff，但如果把on a mount called Mingsha直接置于on a cliff后，则读起来不顺畅，故把on a mount called Mingsha置于句末。2．第3句中的“现存735个洞窟，壁画4万5千多平方米”如果译为there now exist．．．and．．．，则句型结构显松散，宜将其处理成伴随状语，用with more than 45,000 square meters of frescoes in 735 caves来表达，更能体现出壁画和洞窟的关系。3．翻译倒数第2句“敦煌壁画中的舞蹈人物是全人类的一颗璀璨的宝石”时，先译出主要结构(dancingimages are a jewel)，“敦煌壁画中的”作主语的后置定语，用in Dunhuang frescoes来表达，“全人类的”作宾语的后置定语，译作for all human beings。4．最后一句中的“被列入世界遗产名录”可译为was listed on the World Heritage List。但这种译法会产生两个list，根据英语避免重复用词的表达习惯，宜直接套用介词短语on the list来表达。 知识模块：汉译英