英语中的单词可以分为十大词类： ① 名词 n. teacher, book等。 ② 代词 pron. we ,me, he 等。 ③ 数词 num. two, fifth 等。 ④ 动词 v. work, study, live 等。 ⑤ 形容词 adj. good, big, beautiful 等。 ⑥ 副词 adv . fast, quickly等。 ⑦ 冠词 art. a, an, the等。 ⑧ 介词 prep. in, on, by, with等。 ⑨ 连词 conj. and, but等。 ⑩ 感叹词 interj. Oh, ah等。 一、名词
个体名词 表示人或物的个体，如：teacher, pen, hand 集体名词 名词 分类 抽象名词 专有名词 普通名词 物质名词 表示个体组成的集合体，如：family, team, police 表示无法分为个体的固体、液体、气体等实物，如：ice, water, gas 表示抽象概念的，如性质、状态、情感等的名词，如：sadness, happiness, work 人名、地名、机构、事物、组织、概念、节日等。 1
①一般直接在名词后加-s ②以字母-s,-sh, -ch, -x结尾的名词后加-es 规则变化 ③以字母-f或-fe结尾的名词，把-f/-fe改为-v，再加-es ④以-0结尾的名词的复数多数加-es ⑤以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，要把y改为i，再加-es 名词复数构成规律 不规则变化 ①改变单数名词中的元音字母 ②单复数形式相同，如：sheep, deer, fish, means ③表示某国人的名词的复数形式因习惯不同而各异 a.单复数形式相同（多以ese结尾），如：Chinese, , Swiss b.词尾加-s（多以-an结尾），如：Americans, Koreans, Indians c.将man变成men，将woman变成 women，如：Englishman-Englishmen ④其他形式，如：mouse—mice, child- children ①名词单数形式,用-’s,表示,如: the girl’s books ②复数形式,用s’表示,如Teachers’ books 注：所有格后所接名词表示地点时候，地点名词可省略。如：the 加-’s/-s’ 名词所有格 doctor’s ③复合名词在最后的名词后加’s，如brother-in-law’s books ④表示时间、距离、重量、国家、城市，地点无生命的名词也可用’s形式来表示其所有关系，如：three days walk 借助介词of 无生命的物体的名词所有格常用of表示。如：the cover of the book 双重所有格 由’s所有格和of所有格组合修饰名词，如：an old friend of Tom’s 二、代词 种类 人称 第一人称 第二人称 人称代词 I, we, me, us you 物主代词 my, our, mine, ours your, yours 反身代词 myself, ourselves yourself, yourselves 2
第三人称 we, he, she, it his, her, its, hers, himself, herself, theirs itself, themselves 指示代词 不定代词 this, that, these, those, such, the same all, both, neither, none, either, each, many, few, little,another, much, one, ones, some, any以及no-/some-/any-/every-+body/one/thing 疑问代词 相互代词 Exercises:
who, whom, whose, what, which each, other, one, another, each other’s, one another’s 1. Here is the that his younger brother loves best. （A）
A. coffee cup B. coffee’s cup C. cup of coffee D. coffee of cup
2. Mr. Tony always has to tell his students at the beginning of his lectures.（B） A. some good pieces of news B. some pieces of good news C. some good piece of news D. some piece of good news
3. As a businessman, Mr. Li gained his by selling famous of English and American writers. (B)
A. wealth; work B. wealth; works C. wealths; works D. wealths; work 4. He is a kind-hearted man. People can get on well with him.(C) A. Few B. A little C. Quite a few D. Little
5. The post office isn’t far from here. It’s only bicycle ride.(D)
A. half an hours’ B. an hour and a half C. half an hour D. half an hour’s 6. The population of Shanghai very big and most of its population native people.(D)
A. are ; is B. is ; is C. are; are D. is; are 7. —Would you like to have ,Tom?(B) —No, thanks, l have had enough.
A. any more orange and apples B. some more oranges and apples C. any more oranges and apples D. some more oranges and apple 8. —Which do you prefer to drink, or coffee?(C) — , please.
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A. teas; Two tea B. tea; Two tea C. tea; Two teas D. teas; Two teas
9. lt was really to get a present from him on her birthday party that she couldn’t believe it, looking at him in . (B)
A. such big surprise; a surprise B. such a big surprise; surprise C. so big surprise; a surprise D. such big surprise; surprise 10. These are bikes. The twin brothers like them very much. (A)
A. Jack’s and Jerry’s B. Jack’s and Jerry C. Jack’s and Jerry B. Jack and Jerry’s 11. —How much water is there in the bottle?
— .You’d better come to fetch another bottle.(D) A. A little B. Nothing C. No one D. None
12. Bill works harder than in his class. He is the most excellent student l have met. (A)
A. the other boys B. other boys C. any boy D. another boy
三、形容词
（1）在句子中所充当成分
成 分 例 句 One of the most common languages used for creating web pages is called 定 语 HTML. Who is the greatest woman writer alive in the world? 表 语 After getting her hair cut, she looked even more beautiful 宾语补足语 With the window open, many things in the shop were stolen at night. 状 语
（2）级的变化
此外，初中还安排了形容词比较级、最高级的语法点学习。其变化规则如下表：
规 则 原 级 比较级 最高级 The bird fell onto the ground, dead. 4
单音节形容词在词尾加-er；-est 以字母e结尾的形容词在词尾加-r；-st 以重读闭音节结尾的形容词，末尾只有一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾，应先双写该辅音字母，然后加-er；-est 以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，须先将y变成i，然后加-er；-est 多音节形容词前加more变比较级；加the most变最高级 g high few large wide higher fewer larger wider highest fewest largest widest thin big hot thinner bigger hotter thinnest biggest hottest happy funny happier funnier happiest funniest beautiful interestinmore beautiful more interesting the most beautiful the most interesting 部分不规则的形容词变化如下表：
原级 good bad/ill many/much little far old （3）、具体用法
1、只能修饰形容词原级的词very, quite, so, too. 例如： He is too tired to walk on. 他太累了以至不能再继续走了。
My brother runs so fast that I can’t follow him. 我弟弟跑得那么快以至我跟不上他。
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比较级 better worse more less farther/further older/elder 最高级 best worst most least farthest/furthest oldest/eldest 2、含有as…as（与…一样）的原级表达句式。例如： Tom is as old as Kate. 汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。 Tom is twice as old as Kate. 汤姆的年龄是凯特的两倍。 Tom runs as fast as Mike. 汤姆和迈克跑得一样快。 【注意】
1、否定形式not as…as 也可以用成not so…as“不如……不及……。”例如： He doesn’t walk as slowly as you. 他走路不像你那样慢。 This room is not as/so big as that one. 这个房间不如那个大。
2、可以修饰比较级的词much, a lot, a great deal, far, by far(……得多)，a little, a bit(……一点儿)，even(甚至)，still(仍然)，any(用于否定、疑问句中)。例如： Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.第一课比第二课容易得多。 Tom looks even younger than before. 汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。 This train runs much faster than that one. 这辆火车比那辆跑得快。
She drives still more carefully than her husband. 她开车仍然比她丈夫还认真。 【典型例题】
1、The experiment was easier than we had expected. A. more B. much more C. much D. more much
答案C。much可修饰比较级，easier本身已是比较级，不能再用more. 2、最高级表示三者及三者以上事物间的比较，常与of…，in…连用。例如：
The Yangtze River is the longest river in China. 长江是中国最长的河流。→ The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China. 长江比中国其他任何一条河都长。
Of all the planets, the Mercury is the nearest to the sun. 在所有的行星中，水星离太阳最近。
3、“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。例如： He is getting taller and taller. 他长得越来越高了.
The flowers are more and more beautiful. 花儿越来越漂亮。 4、“the + 比较级…the+比较级”表示“越……，就越……”。例如：
The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you’ll make. 你越认真，犯的错误就越少。 【典型例题】
children there are in a family, their life will be.
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A. The less, the better B. The fewer, the better C. Fewer, richer D. More, poorer 答案B。由句意得知“家里孩子越少，生活会越好。”children是可数名词，应用few来修饰。
（4）形容词与不定代词的搭配连用
当形容词和不定代词something, anything, noting, everything连用时，这些代词应放在前面，形容词在后面。例如：
Do you have anything interesting to tell us all today? 今天有啥有趣的事情跟我们大家说说吗？
Take it easy. There is nothing serious with your disease, which is just a cold. 别紧张，你的病无大碍，只是感冒而已。 【典型例题】
I have to do today. A. anything important B. something important C. important nothing D. important something
答案B。形容词修饰不定代词时应放在其后面。故排除C、D。句意是“我今天有重要的事情要做”，表示肯定用something. （5）形容词与enough的搭配连用
当形容词enough和不定代词连用时，形容词放在前面，enough在后面。例如：Charlie was lucky enough to have been taken to the Loch Ness with families. 查理足够幸运地被家人带着去过尼斯湖。 【注意】
1. 只能用作定语，不能用作表语的形容词：little, wooden , golden, many, elder…不能说The boy is little. The watch is golden / wooden.
2. 只能作表语，不能用作定语的形容词：well, ill, alone, content, unable, worth, afraid, alive, asleep, ashamed, awake, aware…例如：an ill boy, an alone village就是用错的短语。可以说an ill idea“坏点子”，ill当定语时是转义，不是“有病的”了。
3. 英语形容顺序
当两个以上形容词修饰一个名词，形容词该如何排列？为什么不能说a black new pen,而是说成a new black pen? 这里面有无规则可循？
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如果你记住下列口决：好美小高状其新，颜色国料特别近。那你就能掌握英语中系列形容词做前置定语时的排列问题。
“好”代表评价性的形容词，如nice, good, kind等；
“美”指描述物体给人的心理感受的形容词，如beautiful, pretty, handsome, ugly, good-looking, lovely等；
“小”指描述物体大小的形容词，如small, big, large, little等；
“高”指描述物体的高低/矮的形容词，如tall, high, short, deep, wide, shallow, thick等； “状”指描述物体形状的形容词。如round, square, narrow等; “其”是整个口诀中的语气词，无含义。
“新”指描述物体新旧的形容词。如new, old young等。
“颜色”就是red, green, blue, pink, black, yellow, purple这类词语。
“国”也就是描述国籍类的形容词。如Chinese, Germany, Russian, Spanish等。 “料”指描述物体制成所用的材料。如plastic, metal, wood, aluminum, wool, cotton, glass, steel等。
英语中这六类形容词连用时就按上述先后顺序排列，如a nice long new black British plastic pen 当然，实际语言使用中不可能出现这么多形容词连用的情况。 4. 英语同源形容词的区别
在英语中某些词有两种或两种以上的形容词形式，它们词形相近，但词义不同，容易用错。
v-ing 表示事物的特征 frightening 令人恐惧的 delighting annoying exciting 【典型例题】
The boy on the tree asked in a voice,“Are you sure I’m going to land on the mat？” A. happy B. frightened C. frightening D. embarrassing
答案B。树上的孩子害怕地问道：“你们确信我会落到垫子上吗？”a frightened voice,表明树上的孩子心理很恐惧。
5.“定冠词the+形容词”表示一类人或物，用做主语时，谓语用复数形式。例如：
v-ed 表示人的心理感受 Frightened对……感到恐惧 delighted annoyed excited 8
the young 年青人 the weak 弱者 the strong 强者
the disabled 残疾人 the old/aged老年人 the injured受伤人员
E.g: The injured in the traffic accident have been rushed to the nearest hospital. 交通事故中受伤的人员已经被迅速送到最近的医院去了。
6.“not +比较级”并不表示否定，而是表示正面的肯定。例如： I couldn’t agree more. 我绝对赞同。
You couldn’t have chosen a better gift for me.你挑选给我的是最好的礼物。
7. 并非所有的形容词都有比较级。如：superior, senior, junior, similar, different, necessary, impossible等形容词没有比较级、最高级的用法。 【典型例题】
After we compare the two, we find this design is that one.
A. more superior to B. far superior than C. more superior than D. far superior to 答案D。“对比之后，我们发现这款设计比那一款要优越”。形容词superior没有比较级形式，选项A.C.用了比较级，故错误；superior 与to搭配连用，故B也错。 8. 连系动词seem, feel, sound, appear, remain, look, go, turn, get, become常接形容词构成系表结构。例如：The witness remained silent over the matter for some reasons. 出于某些原因，目击者对此事保持沉默。
Your proposal sounds very practical. 你的提议听起来很实用。 Exercises:
1. Several hours later, with the help of the police, the students managed to escape from the dangerous place, . (A) A. hungry and frightened B. hungrily and frightening C. hungry and frightening D. hungrily and frightened 2. l feel even now. (C)
A . bad B. well C. worse D. worst 3. She was very happy. She ran of all the runners. (A) A. fastest B. the quickest C. slowest D. quickly 4. Keep quiet, please. It’s noisy here.(C)
A. many too B. too many C. much too D. too much 5. —Have you spoken to a foreigner?
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— No, (B) A. already; never B. ever; never C. yet; already D. ever; ever 6. He is taller than in his class.(C)
A. any boy B. any C. any other boy D. some other boys 7. English is as as Chinese. You should learn it well.(A)
A. important B. more important C. the most important D. much more important 8. Music is not so useful as science. It’s useful than science. (B) A. fewer B. less C. more D. a lot 9. We’ve never heard of story before.(A)
A. such a strange B. such strange C. so a strange D. so strange 10. You must wear glasses. They can keep your eyes (B) A. soft B. safe C. safely D. safety
11. The box is heavy for the girl carry. (A) A. too; to B. to; too C. so; that D. no; to
12. As far as I’m concerned, education is about learning and the more you learn, .(B) A. the more for life are you equipped B. the more equipped for life you are C. the more life you are equipped for D. you are equipped the more for life 四、副词
（1）在句子中的成分 1、作状语
We should listen to the teachers carefully in class. 我们在课上应该仔细听讲。（副词修饰动词）
You are quite right. 你相当正确。（修饰形容词）
He parked the car very easily. 他很容易地把汽车停放好了。(修饰副词)
I usually go to school at 6:40 every morning. 我通常每天6点40去上学。（修饰整个句子） 2、作定语
有时少数地点副词和时间副词可以作定语，放在所修饰词的后边。
People there used to drink or use the water in the river. 过去那儿的人们饮用那条河里
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的水。
【注意】副词作定语时和介词短语作定语一样，一律后置。 3、作表语
作表语的副词多数是表示位置的，如in, out, on, back, down, up, off, away, upstairs. He is in. 他在家。
What’s on this evening? 今晚演什么节目？ I must be off mow. 我现在必须走了。 4、作宾语补足语 Let them in.让他们进来。
We saw her off two days ago. 两天前我们为她送行。 （2）副词在句中的位置
1、在形容词之前。 It’s extremely hot today. Wind is a kind of environmentally friendly energy. 2、在be动词、助动词之后。
I’m terribly sorry for what I have done to you. English is widely used all over the world. 3、多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。但须注意：
①大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。 We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us. 我们能清晰地看到一束奇怪的光在我们的前头。
②方式副词well, badly（糟、坏），hard等只放在句尾。 He speaks English well.
4、地点副词、时间副词和方式副词一般放在句末。 【注意】地点副词作状语时要后置，不属于这种情况。
I’ll wait for you here. 我将在这儿等你。（地点副词）
I’ll meet him at the station tomorrow. 明天我将去车站接他。（时间副词） Tomorrow I’ll meet him at the station.
The boy wrote the homework quickly. 这个男孩子写作业很快。（方式副词） They did their experiments carefully in the lab yesterday. 昨天他们在实验室认真地做
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实验。(方式地点时间)
【注意】有时为了强调时间，也可把时间副词放在句首。
Last week the students all worked well here. 这些学生上周在这里都做得很好。 5、频度副词在句子位置有以下两种：
①在be动词、情态动词及第一个助动词之后。例如： She is always kind to us. 她对我们总是很好。（动词）
I can never forget the day. 我永远也不能忘掉这一天。（情态动词） The work has never been done. 这件工作永远也做不完。 ②在实义动词之前。例如：He often goes to school late. （3）副词的比较级和最高级
规则副词比较级和最高级的变化形式与形容词基本上一样的，这里不再赘述。仅举几例：
hard — harder — hardest fast — faster — fastest late-- later -- latest early – earlier – earliest 不规则副词
well – better -- best much – more – most badly – worse -- worst little – less –least
但是，派生类副词即以后缀-ly结尾的副词不能像形容词那样加-er 或-est，如 quickly -- more quickly -- most quickly quietly -- more quietly -- most quietly 【注意】early 中的ly不是后缀，故可以把y变i再加-er和-est （4）副词的排列顺序
1、时间、地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。 Let’s make it 8:30 tomorrow morning.
2、方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。 Please write slowly and carefully.
3、多个不同副词排列，程度+地点+方式+时间副词 【注意】副词very可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。
（错）I very like English. (对) I like English very much.
【注意】副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。
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I don’t know him well enough.
There is enough food for everyone to eat. （5）副词的构成
除了often, seldom, always, already, ever, fast, straight等副词外，一般情况下，在形容词末尾加上-ly就成了副词，一些以-l结尾的形容词变副词时须双写l,然后加-ly。如：
slow – slowly, quick – quickly , clear – clearly, obvious – obviously physical – physically, mental – mentally, peaceful – peacefully 另外少数-le结尾的形容词变副词时，-le直接换成-ly。
Terrible – Terribly gentle – gently comfortable – comfortably true – truly 但需注意：下列-ly结尾的词多用做形容词。
friendly, deadly, lovely, lively, likely, lonely, weekly, monthly, orderly, warmly （6）come, go, head, arrive等动词与下列副词连用时，不用介词。
drive downtown驾车去商业区 go upstairs上楼 come downstairs下楼 live abroad住在国外 stay indoors呆在室内 play outdoors在户外玩 go home回家 get there去那儿 arrive here 到这儿 衔接学习：
1、否定副词(no, hardly, scarcely, seldom, rarely, little, few等)置于句首用部分倒装。例如
Hardly had the criminal arrived at the airport when the policemen arrested him. 罪犯一到机场就被警察抓住。
Seldom does my father drink unless there comes a good friend. 我父亲很少饮酒，除非有好朋友来。
Under no circumstances will Mary give up the idea of going go college. 任何情况下玛丽都不会放弃上大学的想法
2、当副词here, there, now, out, in, up, down, away, then, back, off等放在句首时，须用完全倒装句式。
Here comes the bus! 公共汽车来了。 Now comes your turn! 现在轮到你了。
The door opened, and in came Mr Wan. 门开了，万先生进来了。
A strong wind blew and away went his hat. 一阵强风刮来，他的帽子飞走了。
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3、高中有这些词如：strangely, unfortunately, obviously, clearly, additionally, hopefully常用于句首修饰整个句子，对整个句子做评注。
Unfortunately，the village was covered by a heavy mud storm. 很不幸地，这个村庄被泥石流给埋没了。
Obviously , they have already known the result of the interview. 显然他们已经知晓面试的结果。
Hopefully the problem will be solved soon. 这个问题有望很快得到解决。 4、兼有两种形式的副词 (1)close与closely
close意思是“近”; closely意思是“仔细地“。例如： He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely. (2)late 与lately
late 意思是“晚”；lately意思是“最近”。例如： You have come too late. What have you been doing lately? (3)deep与deeply
deep意思是“深”，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，“深深地”。例如： He pushed the stick deep into the mud. Even father was deeply moved by the film. (4)high与highly
high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much.例如： The plane was flying high. I think highly of your opinion. (5)wide与widely
wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是“广泛地”，“在许多地方”，例如： He opened his mouth wide. English is widely used in the world. (6)free与freely
free的意思是“免费”;freely的意思是“无限制地”。例如
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You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. You may speak freely, say what you like.
5、有些副词如：however, therefore, nevertheless, thus, meanwhile等用在句中，起前后过度作用。例如：
There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law. Nevertheless, it is important that we try. 我们几乎没有可能改变法律。不过，重要的是我们努力争取。 Exercises:
1. —What was the weather like yesterday?
—lt was terrible. It rained so that people could go out.(C) A. hardly…hard B. hardly…hardly C. hard…hardly D. hard…hard 2. Three years , he became a driver.(B) A. late B. later C. lately D. more lately 3. —Do you think the fish tastes ?(D) —She cooked it , l think.
A. good, good B. well, good C. well, well D. good, well 4. She played the piano than we had thought. (D)
A.successful B. successfully C. more successful D. more successfully 5. l’ll go and visit you next week. (D)
A. sometime B. sometimes C. some times D. some time 6. —You don’t see the professor from Singapore quite often, do you? —No, we only meet .(C)
A. eventually B. constantly C. occasionally D. frequently 7. The key English well is to read more when (D) A. to learn; possible B. of learning; possibly C. of learning; was possible D. to learning; possible
8. had they left the train they realized they had left their bag in the car.(A) A. Hardly…when B. Hardly…than C. No sooner…when D. No sooner…then 9. l couldn’t find my English-Chinese dictionary .(D) A. somewhere B. everywhere C. nowhere D. anywhere 10. —l don’t stand a chance of getting the job.
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—Don’t be silly, you mustn’t put yourself .(A) A. down B. up C. off D. away
11. —Do you think that the evening party was a success? —Yes, ! It’s couldn’t be .(B) A. relatively; better B. absolutely; better
C. approximately; more perfect D. fortunately; more excellent 12. On Teachers’ Day , We all went to school to see our teachers.(B) A. especially B. specially C. particularly D. attentively
五、动词
根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类： 实义动词（Notional Verb） 系动词（Link Verb） 助动词（Auxiliary Verb） 情态动词（Modal Verb） 1、实义动词
根据其后是否带有宾语，可分为两类，分别是：及物动词、不及物动词，英语缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。
说明：同一动词有时可用作及物动词，有时可用作不及物动词。例如： She can dance and sing. （sing在此用作不及物动词。） She can sing many English songs. （sing用作及物动词。）
2、系动词亦称联系动词它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。 1）状态系动词 用来表示主语状态，只有be一词， 2）持续系动词
用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay, 3）表像系动词
用来表示\"看起来像\"这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look,
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4）感官系动词
感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste 5）变化系动词
这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, get 3、助动词
协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词（Auxiliary Verb）。最常用的助动词有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would等
Exercise：
1．Jane laughs loudly and laughs a lot，which enables us to know her coming before she________．
A．turns up B．turns around C．turns back D．turns away 【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：Jane大笑并多次大笑，这使我们能够在她还没到时就知道她来了。turn up出现，露面；turn around转过身来，翻转；turn back 往回走，反悔；turn away不准……进入。根据主句的loudly和a lot判断，是人未到声先闻。故选A。 2．Digital teaching has________our way of learning and excited us to focus in class. A．guaranteed
B．transformed
C．evaluated D．revealed 【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：数字教学已经改变了我们学习的方式，让我们在课堂上集中注意力。guarantee保证；transform转换；evaluate估算；reveal暴露。根据题意选B。
3．I prefer a table that can be________when not used so that it may save a lot of space. A．cleared up B．folded up C．fixed up D．taken up 【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：我喜欢不用的时候能够被折叠的桌子，这样它能节省许多空间。clear up清理，放晴，整理；fold up折叠；fix up安装；take up占用。根据so that
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的从句内容判断。故选B。
4．The plans got________in the approval process，so everyone had to stop and wait until the application forms came back from the ministry. A．struck B．occupied C．stuck D．delivered 【答案】C
5．—Do you mind if I open the window? —No，________． A．Look out B．Forget it C．Go ahead D．Take it easy 【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：——如果我打开窗户你介意吗？——不介意，开吧。look out注意；forget it忘记它；go ahead口语中常用，表示同意；take it easy别着急。根据语意选C。
6．I felt I would never________the shock of his being worked to death. A．get off
B．get through
C．get by D．get over 【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：我感觉我永远不会从他劳累致死的震惊中恢复过来。get off下车；get through接通；get by通过；get over恢复。根据语意选D。
7．That’s all for today’s programme.Please stay________to CCTV International’s Chinese Channel this time next week.
A．turned B．tuned C．toned D．tended 【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：今天的节目就到这里。请下周这个时间继续收听CCTV中文国际频道的这个节目。A.turned转变；B.tuned调频；C.toned与……协调；D.tended
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趋向。stay tuned继续收看；继续收听。故选B。
8．The only way to live happily with others is to________their faults and admire their virtues. A．overlook B．justify C．clarify 【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：和其他人一起幸福生活的唯一方法就是忽略别人的缺点并赞美他们的优点。overlook忽略；justify证明；clarify分类；acknowledge承认。根据题意选A。
9．—How did Professor Li’s lecture impress you?
—I just heard his voice but couldn’t________what he was saying. A．pick out B．make out C．think out D．squeeze out 【答案】B
D．acknowledge
10．The two organizations will arrange a one－year seminar and________it with a report on their in－depth studies and research findings. A．conclude B．summarize C．deduce D．infer 【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：两个组织将安排一个年度的研讨会，并以关于他们深度研究和研究发现的一份报告结束它。conclude得出结论，结束；summarize总结；deduce演义，推断；infer推断。conclude sth.with sth.以……为结束。故选A。
11． When he was driving home，he was stopped by the policeman and was________of speeding.
A．charged B．blamed C．warned 【答案】D
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：当他开车回家时，警察阻止了他，并被指控超速。charge
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D．accused
sb.with sth.指“因犯较大错误或重大罪行而进行正式法律控诉”；blame sb.for sth.“因某事责备某人”；warn sb.of sth.“警告某人某事”；accuse sb.of sth.“因某事控告某人”，指“当面指控或指责，不一定诉诸法庭”，根据题意应选D。
12．We tend to________happiness with freedom，but，as a psychotherapist and writer has observed，without obstacles to our desires it’s harder to know what we want，or where we’re heading.
A．combine B．compare C．equip D．equate 【答案】D
13． Hillary Clinton，at the first official event of her presidential campaign，________the ideas that she said will be at the heart of her campaign. A．spelt out B．cross out C．made up D．covered up 【答案】A
14．The young backpacker always________at the youth hotel when he’s in Kathmandu. A．puts up
B．sets down
C．comes about D．takes up 【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这个年轻的背包客在Kathmandu的时候，经常在这个青年旅馆住宿。put up竖立，张贴，住宿；set down记下；come about发生；take up占据，从事，开始学习。根据句意选A。
15．It might have________your notice but I am very busy at the moment. A．quit B．neglected C．escaped D．denied
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【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：可能没注意到你的通知，但我现在正忙。quit放弃；neglect忽略；escape逃脱；deny拒绝。escape逃脱，未注意到。故判断选C。 16．It’s obvious that getting these historic sites recognized by the world is helpful for preserving and repairing them，as it________their extreme importance and value. A．associates B．symbolizes C．stresses 【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：很显然，这些历史遗址得到世界的承认对保存和修理它们是有帮助的，因为它强调了它们的特别重要性和价值。associate联系；symbolize使成为象征；stress强调；abolish清除。所以选C。
17．We have no doubt that if the students’ interest in the subject is aroused，they will________the challenge and commit more of their time and energy to their studies. A．face up to B．keep pace with C．put up with 【答案】A
D．live up to D．abolishes
18．—Do you know the story of Niulang and Zhinü？
—Of course.Their love story was________as an example for hundreds of years in China. A．taken up B．kept up C．picked up D．held up 【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：——你知道牛郎和织女的故事吗？——当然。在中国上百年来，他们的爱情一直被作为典范。hold up as an example奉为楷模。take up占用；keep up保持；pick up捡起。故判断选D。
19．Peter was a heart breaker.He deserted his wife the moment his business began to ________． A．take up
B．take out
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C．take over D．take off 【答案】D
【解析】考查短语辨析。句意：彼得是一个负心人。事业一成功他就抛弃了妻子。take up“占据；拿起”；take out“取出”；take over“接管”；take off“突然成功”。根据句意选D。 20．He started school the same day as I did and________to it like a duck to water. A．appealed B．took C．catered D．saw 【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：他和我同一天开始上学，就像鸭子喜欢水一样喜欢上学。appeal to对……有吸引力；take to开始喜欢；cater for迎合，顾及；see to注意。根据题干中的like判断，故选B。
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