大学英语六级（2013年12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷15 (题后含答
案及解析)
题型有：1. Writing 2. Listening Comprehension 3. 4. Reading Comprehension 5. Translation
Part I Writing
1． For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On Students’ Evaluation of Teachers following the outline given below. You should write at least 750 words hut no more than 200 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1.1．近年来，很多大学把学生对教师的评价纳入教学评估体系2．就其利弊而言，人们观点不一3．我的看法 On Students’ Evaluation of Teachers
正确答案： On Students’ Evaluation of Teachers With the reformation and development of higher education, many universities have gradually shifted their management from the traditional system of academic year to the system of credit, and from teacher-centred to student-centred teaching. As a result, teachers are now managed on the basis of students’ evaluation, which has aroused disputes. Many people agree that students’ opinions and appraisals are crucial to both the teaching process and the teacher-student relationship. For one thing, the teacher may reflect on his teaching, and then change accordingly. For another, mutual understanding is enhanced. However, many experts worry that some of the judgements are rather subjective, and even strongly biased. To make things worse, some students take it as a game “anyway, my ideas do not count”. Consequently, nobody will benefit from the valueless feedback. As far as I’m concerned, students’ views should be taken into account, but not as decisive factors when comprehensively evaluating a teacher. The perfection of the mechanism requires the change of our notion about teaching. We used to relate the evaluation to the employment of a teacher, but if we take advantage of the evaluation as a guide, it might be another story.
Part II Listening Comprehension
Section A
听力原文：W: Prof. Williams didn’t tell me that his lecture was postponed. I went to the classroom only to find some students were preparing for the exam.M: Actually, if you had been careful enough to have a glance at the bulletin, you would have known all the information.Q: What does the man mean?
2．
A．The woman shouldn’t have missed the lecture.
B．The woman should have paid attention to the bulletin. C．The woman shouldn’t have believed the bulletin. D．The woman should contact her professor first.
正确答案：B
解析：弦外之音题。对话中女士抱怨教授没有通知她讲座延期了；男士说只要稍微留意一下公告栏，便会知道讲座推迟的消息。言外之意，男士认为女士本应该注意到公告栏上的消息。
听力原文：W: What do you think of George Smith? He’s a great novelist with many fans.M: After I read one of his novels, I begin to wonder why some youngsters are fascinated by his illogical stories.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?
3．
A．Smith’s stories are mostly for youngsters. B．Young people lack logic thinking.
C．The man doesn’t think much of Smith’s novels. D．The man likes Smith’s illogical stories.
正确答案：C
解析：推理判断题。对话中女士问男士如何评价George Smith，并说他是个伟大的小说家，有很多崇拜者；男士说他读了Smith的一篇小说后就开始怀疑为什么很多年轻人喜欢他那些不合逻辑的故事。由此推断，男士对Smith的小说评价不高。
听力原文：M: Are you going to tell your boss that you are going to look for another job?W: Probably not. You know it isn’t sensible to put all one’s eggs in one basket. Anyway you can’t always expect a better job.Q: What can we learn about the woman from the conversation?
4．
A．She won’t risk her job now for a possibly better one. B．She’s satisfied with her present position.
C．She doesn’t like putting all eggs in one basket. D．She finds it hard to look for a new job.
正确答案：A 解析：语义理解题。对话中男士问女士是否打算把准备另找一份工作的事情告诉老板；女士表示不会，因为她认为孤注一掷是不明智的，而且找一份更好的工作也并非易事。由此可知，女士不会拿当前的工作去冒险。
听力原文：W: Shopping online is really a completely new experience.M: Yeah. But on the other hand, you know, you can’t see the exact things that may not be fitting, and thus money is wasted.Q: What does the man mean?
5．
A．Online shopping has more disadvantages.
B．It is a waste of money to shop online.
C．Information on some websites isn’t reliable. D．Online shopping may not benefit consumers.
正确答案：D 解析：推理判断题。对话中女士说网上购物是种全新的体验；男士表示赞同，但同时指出因为看不到确切的东西，所购买的东西可能不合适，这样就会浪费钱。由此推断，男士认为网上购物可能不会让消费者受益。
听力原文：M: Look at the report in today’s paper, dear. It says that giving up smoking isn’t always good for smokers.W: Oh. You can always find an excuse when talking about quitting smoking.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?
6．
A．The man seems to be responsible for himself. B．The woman is critical of other people. C．The man is addicted to smoking.
D．The woman can’t accept the man’s excuse.
正确答案：C 解析：语义理解题。对话中男士让女士看一则关于戒烟并非总是有益于吸烟者的报告；女士说一谈到戒烟，男士总能够找到借口。由此可知，男士总是想方设法地寻找借口不戒烟，即男士吸烟成瘾。
听力原文：W: Doctor, I’m still suffering from a headache. It seems that the medicine doesn’t work.M: According to your medical record, you have also got a toothache recently, which may contribute to your headache.Q: What advice may the doctor give to the woman?
7．
A．She should have her toothache cured first.
B．She should continue her treatment for headache. C．She should take care of herself.
D．She should have a physical check-up.
正确答案：A
解析：请求建议题。对话中女士对医生说自己吃了药，可还是头疼；男士说从病历上看，女士最近牙疼，这可能会导致头疼。由此可知，医生认为女士的头疼可能是牙疼引起的，因此可能会建议女士首先治愈牙疼。
听力原文：M: What do you think of the art show I recommended to you yesterday?W: I think art should be individual, but I didn’t know the identical subject could create such various effects.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?
8．
A．The works aren’t as individual as what the woman thought. B．The art show displays works of the same subject.
C．The art show should have displayed works of different subjects. D．The woman is dissatisfied with the art show.
正确答案：B
解析：语义理解题。对话中男士询问女士对他昨天推荐的艺术展的看法；女士说她认为艺术应当是与众不同的，但她没想到相同的主题也能创造出如此多样的效果。由此可知，这次艺术展展品主题相同。
听力原文：W: I can’t find where we are on the map. It seems that we are lost in the forest.M: Don’t worry, dear. It’s exactly 12 o’clock, so our shadows must face the north, don’t they?Q: What can we learn from the conversation?
9．
A．The woman doesn’t know how to read a map. B．The woman has a weak sense of direction. C．The man has also got lost in the forest.
D．The man can tell directions via the shadows.
正确答案：D
解析：推理判断题。对话中女士说她在地图上找不到他们的位置，并担心他们在森林里迷路了；男士说现在正好12点，因此他们的影子应该朝北。由此可知，男士能够通过影子辨别出方向。
听力原文：W: Good morning. I’m Victoria Porter. How can I help you?M: Good morning. My name is Frank. I have to complete the enrolment form, but I’m not sure about some aspects.W: Let’s refer to the handbook and see how I can help you. What’s your first problem?M: Well, I can’t decide on which program to take.W: Do you want science or arts?M: Arts. But I can’t decide among social sciences, humanities and education.W: You needn’t make that decision now. You can leave it until the end of the first year.M: I see. Then I need to select my courses carefully.W: Yes. First, foundation course. All students must take one foundation course as part of the requirement of the first year. It’s on Page 21. Have you read the description?M: Yeah, I’d like to do A109 Futures. It looks so interesting.W: But as a foreign student, I suggest you consider A114 Australia and Its People.M: What about this, Structure, Thought and Reality, or Life in the Universe? The description of both says they will help me to develop skills of argument and analysis.W: Actually all the foundation courses are designed to do that. But A114 will help you gain a better understanding of the country you live in.M: That’s true. And it’s worth six points while each of the others only three. OK, I’ll do A114.W: It’s very important to keep your points in mind when selecting courses. Normally full-time students enroll for 12 credits each semester or 24 each academic year. However, if your enrolment drops below nine points in any one semester, you won’t be considered full-time.M: What would happen then?W: Well, you won’t be eligible for student visa.9. What may help the man with his problems?10. When can the man decide on his program according to the
woman?11. What is the minimum requirement to get student visa?
10．
A．The enrolment form. B．The handbook.
C．Australia and Its People.
D．The description of the courses.
正确答案：B
解析：事实细节题。对话中男士说自己不知道怎样填写入学表；女士表示她先要查看一下手册，看看能不能帮助男士。由此可知，手册可能对解决男士的问题有所帮助。
11．
A．At this moment.
B．After he selects courses. C．At the end of the first year. D．At the end of the first semester.
正确答案：C
解析：细节推断题。男士表示想选择文科专业，但又拿不准具体方向；女士说他可以等到第一年结束时再作出决定。
12．
A．Getting 9 points each year. B．Getting 24 points each year. C．Getting 12 points each semester. D．Getting 9 points each semester.
正确答案：D
解析：推理判断题。对话结尾处女士提到任何一个学期的学分低于9分，就不能算作全日制的学生，也就无法获得学生签证。由此可知，获得学生签证的最低要求是每个学期都拿到9个学分。
听力原文：M: Why, Mary Smith! 1 haven’t seen you for ages. How have you been?W: John, John Brown. It has been a long time, hasn’t it? It must be at least a year.M: No, we talked at Johnson’s Christmas party last December. Don’t you remember?W: That’s right. Well, how are you? Still working for the Jones and French Company?M: No, I changed jobs about three months ago. I’m with the National Bank now. How about you?W: I’m still teaching at the university. But I switched from the German Department to the Spanish Department.M: Don’t tell me you speak Spanish, too.W: Sure. I grew up in Spain, you know. German was what I studied in college, but my Spanish is much better.M: All I’ve ever managed to learn is a little Italian. I can get a pizza in Rome, but not much more.W: Well, how is your family? Are the children all in school now?M: No, Billy is still at home. Tom is in the third grade and
Jane’s in the second. Billy could have gone to kindergarten, but we didn’t want him to start school too early. So we’re keeping him out until next year.W: My daughter Sue hasn’t started school yet either. But she will go in the fall, too. Oh, my husband just came in. I want to go ask him something. I’ll talk to you again later, John.M: It was nice seeing you again, Mary.12. Which company did the man work for in the past?13. What can we learn about the man’s language level?14. What can we learn about the man’s children?15. Which grade is the woman’s daughter in?
13．
A．The National Bank.
B．The Spanish Department.
C．The Jones and French Company. D．A company in Rome.
正确答案：C
解析：细节推断题。对话中女士问男士是否仍在Jones and French公司上班，由此可知男士过去在这家公司工作。
14．
A．He can speak a little Italian. B．He knows a lot of German. C．He is good at French.
D．He speaks Spanish fluently.
正确答案：A
解析：事实细节题。对话中在女士讲完自己对语言的掌握情况后，男士提到他仅学过一点意大利语。
15．
A．There are four children in the family. B．Tom is too young to start schooling. C．Jane must be the eldest in his family. D．Billy would be a student next year.
正确答案：D
解析：推理判断题。对话中男士提到Billy其实已经到了上学年龄，但他们夫妻俩决定让他明年再入学。
16．
A．She is in the third grade. B．She is in the second grade. C．She is in the kindergarten. D．She is still at home.
正确答案：D
解析：事实细节题。对话中女士说她的女儿还没上学，但她今年秋天会上学，可知，女士的女儿依然在家。
Section B
听力原文： Nearly three-quarters thought the tie would not survive within British firms beyond the next half a century with the popularity of the open-collared shirt. Its demise is being blamed on the boom in creative businesses, such as Facebook and Google, and online trading companies where formal dress codes tend to be avoided in favor of a more casual approach. Once considered an important part of business dress, the tie has become a victim of the spread of “casual Fridays” into other weekdays, according to researchers. The poll, by DealJungle. com , which helps small and medium enterprises, found more than 51% thought the tie would be obsolete in offices within the next 20 years and almost 22% believed it would last less than 10 years. A spokesman for the site, which has 20 000 registered members, said, “Ties have been around seemingly forever but increasing numbers of office workers are telling them to get knotted. “ The success of businesses, such as Facebook and Google, where even the CEO turns up wearing jeans and a hoodie, also seems to have had a serious effect on the idea of dressing formally for work. Many of our members keep their overheads to a minimum by working at home so they feel no need to dress up to go to work. We know that when they meet clients, they still put on a business suit, but a tie is no longer seen as an essential part of the suited-and-booted look. Instead, many businessmen and increasing numbers of executives opt for a suit and shirt with an open collar.16. What results will the popularity of the open-collared shirt have in half a century?17. What did DealJungle. com find through the poll?18. Why do many members feel dressing up to work is useless?
17．
A．The tie will disappear within British firms. B．75% businessmen will be asked to wear ties. C．T-shirts will be more popular than before.
D．British firms will require employees to work with ties.
正确答案：A
解析：细节推断题。短文开头提到，随着开领衬衫的流行，近四分之三的人认为在未来的半个世纪内，领带将会从英国职场消失。
18．
A．There won’t be ties in medium enterprises in 20 years. B．Most people believe the tie would disappear in 10 years. C．Most people believe the tie will be eliminated sooner or later. D．The tie has become a victim of the poll.
正确答案：C
解析：事实细节题。短文中间部分提到，DealJungle．com开展的这一调查发现，超过半数的人认为领带在未来20年内会被职场淘汰，近22％的人认为领带会在10年内消亡。
19．
A．They do not have extra money to buy ties. B．They want to minimize their expense. C．They believe ties are very inconvenient. D．They want themselves to feel relaxed.
正确答案：B
解析：语义理解题。短文结尾提到，有很多会员为了把经费开销降到最低都在家工作，所以他们觉得没有必要穿得很正式去上班。
听力原文： It has been said that lighthouses, casting a glow over the dark, mysterious sea, are to America what castles are to Europe—treasured landmarks—although there are lighthouses dating back to Roman antiquity there, too. In the Western Hemisphere, remains of crude lighthouses built by Central American Mayan people date to the 13th century. Alas, history’s most famous lighthouse, constructed by the Greeks on Pharos Island in the harbor of Alexandria, Egypt, in the third century BC, is a goner. Being one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World and what is thought to have been mankind’s tallest structure for centuries, it was damaged over time by a series of earthquakes. Finally, it toppled for good in 1480, shortly before Christopher Columbus set out on his voyage across the Atlantic. An Egyptian sultan pulled some of the heavy stones from its rubble to build a fort on the island. The Greeks soon applied the island name, “Pharos,” to lighthouses, which were a new concept at the time. This then became the root of words referring to lighthouses in many romance languages. “Faro” in Spanish, for instance, and “phare” in French. Centuries later, satellite and radio signals have rendered lighthouses obsolete for shippers and sophisticated mariners. But to captains of small boats, a lighthouse is still a valuable and welcoming sight in a storm, and a guide past treacherous rocks, reefs and shoals, just as it was when hardy keepers maintained the lights.19. What do lighthouses mean for America?20. What can we infer about Alas from the passage?21. Why are lighthouses not widely used today?
20．
A．They are the mysteries in the sea. B．They are the treasured landmarks.
C．They mean little for the American people. D．They are valuable castles.
正确答案：B
解析：细节辨认题。短文开头提到，曾有人说，灯塔铸造了神秘且黑暗的海洋里的灯光。灯塔之于美国正如城堡之于欧洲一样，是珍贵的地标。
21．
A．It is the seventh wonder of the ancient world. B．It is the tallest structure at present.
C．It has been ever damaged by earthquakes. D．It was reconstructed for good in 1480.
正确答案：C
解析：综合理解题。短文中间部分提到，亚历山大灯塔是古代世界七大奇迹之一，几个世纪以来都被认为是人类最高的建筑物，但是随着时间的推移，它被一系列地震破坏了。
22．
A．They have been replaced by the advanced satellite and radio signals. B．Captains thought them useless during their voyage. C．They have been swallowed by the sea. D．Only small boats could use them.
正确答案：A
解析：事实细节题。短文结尾部分提到，卫星和无线电信号的应用使灯塔过时了。
听力原文： An American website has put together a list of the cities where tourists can spot the hottest men, with surprising Stockholm, in Sweden, coming out top. The city, which has given the world Alexander Skarsgard from popular vampire series True Blood and the country’s finest football export, Freddie Ljungberg, topped a list of the top ten places for the attractiveness of male locals. While the Swedish capital which is praised for its good genes and plenty of European destinations makes the hotlist, not a single British city is included. The second spot goes to the popular city break destination of New York, with suave metropolitan men waiting on every block, according to travelersdigest. com. It is closely followed by Amsterdam in the Netherlands, where beautiful boys cycle elegantly between the famous canals, offering a desirable date that is a far cry from the seedy pleasures on offer in the red light district. Portugal is also recognized, with Lisbon winning the hearts of many a curious female holidaymaker. And Buenos, Aires, the city associated with the most passionate dance on the planet, tango, rounds off the top five. Sydney offers up a different type of fellow at Number 6, where fun-loving, blonde-haired surfer guys will be more than happy to take the globe-travelling girls for a stroll on Bondi Beach. It’s back to smoldering sophistication in the seventh place, as gorgeous Spanish stallions reap the reward for seducing women over snacks and a glass of red wine.22. How do you know about Alexander Skarsgard?23. Why did the Swedish capital become the popular tourist place?24. Why was Lisbon also in the list?25. Which type of men does Sydney offer?
23．
A．He is a popular football player.
B．He is a handsome actor from vampire series. C．He has a period of wonderful true love.
D．He has listed the top ten attractive guys around the world.
正确答案：B
解析：综合理解题。短文开头提到，位居十大帅哥城市之首的斯德哥尔摩为世界贡献了亚历山大·斯卡斯加德——主演热门吸血鬼题材电视连续剧《真爱如血》的帅哥。
24．
A．Tourists can spot the hottest men.
B．The country’s football export is the finest.
C．It has excellent genes and many European attractions.
D．It is associated with the most passionate dance on the planet.
正确答案：C
解析：语义理解题。短文中间部分提到，瑞典首都因优秀的人口基因和众多欧洲景点而成为备受赞誉的热门旅游地。
25．
A．Its beautiful boys cycle elegantly between the famous canals. B．Its charming males catch the hearts of female tourists. C．Its men offer desirable dates in red light district. D．True Blood wins a lot of females’ hearts.
正确答案：B
解析：语义理解题。短文中间部分提到，葡萄牙首都里斯本也名列榜单，是因为里斯本的男人赢得了许多女性度假者的芳心。
26．
A．The blonde fellows who like making fun and surfing. B．The fair-haired intellectuals.
C．The blonde fellows with good looks.
D．The fellows who attract women over snacks and wine.
正确答案：A
解析：语义理解题。短文结尾部分提到，悉尼提供的是另一种类型的男人——喜欢玩乐、金发的冲浪小子，他们会很乐意带那些游历世界的姑娘们到邦迪海滩散散步。
Section C
Just having a break from work is not enough, a new research suggests. It is【B1】______in the open air that have the strongest restorative effects on our mental
states. Everyone gets down sometimes—it’s only【B2】______It would be more unusual never to be【B3】______The idea that depression is a condition with a purely chemical【B4】______is a myth no psychologist would agree. The causes of depression can be many and widespread. But one of the many causes for us is to have to【B5】______our work. One of the main weapons against stress building up from work is going on【B6】______However, the new research, published in the Journal of Environmental Psychology, finds that all holidays are not equal because not every holiday is an【B7】______way of allowing mind and body to recover. The lead author of this paper, Hartig, lives and works in Sweden, a country well known for its long, dark winters. As such, the people living there know the importance of getting out in the sunshine, when it finally arrives. There is even a law requiring employers to provide four consecutive weeks of holiday in the summer. And it’s actually this law that【B8】______Hartig’s findings. Hartig and colleagues suggest that being stuck indoors to spend your leisure time can limit mental recovery.【B9】______, when roam outdoors, we can exert ourselves at favorite sports or simply linger in the park. This is a nice theory that is intuitively【B10】______and plausible. The problem is how to test it scientifically.
27． 【B1】
正确答案：activities
解析：语义推断题。根据句子结构可知，此句是强调句，空格处是被强调部分，且在旬中充当主语，故此处应填入名词。结合后半句句意可知，被强调部分会产生某种效果，因此空格处应填入使精神状态产生效果的某事物。结合录音可知，答案为activities。
28． 【B2】
正确答案：natural
解析：句意推断题。根据句子结构可知，此句是主系表结构，空格处填入形容词作表语。根据前半句“每个人都有低落的时候”可知，这是种常见的现象。结合录音可知，答案为natural。
29． 【B3】
正确答案：depressed
解析：语义推断题。本句提到某件事是不正常的，上句指出，情绪有时低落是正常现象，故空格处单词应具有“情绪低落的，郁闷的”之意。结合录音可知，答案为depressed。
30． 【B4】
正确答案：foundation
解析：语义推断题。空格前有a，故此处应填入名词。此句指出一种错误观点：情绪低落是伴随着化学——的一种情况。结合录音可知，答案为foundation。
31． 【B5】
正确答案：cope with
解析：语义推断题。空格前为have to，空格后为our work，故此处应该填入动词。结合录音可知，答案为cope with。
32． 【B6】
正确答案：vacation
解析：语义推断题。此处为动名词短语作表语，空格处需填入名词。结合录音可知，答案为vacation。
33． 【B7】
正确答案：established
解析：语义推断题。空格前为不定冠词an，空格后为名词way，故此处应该填入名词或形容词作定语。结合录音可知，答案为established。
34． 【B8】
正确答案：is crucial to
解析：句意推断题。分析句子结构可知，从句缺少谓语。结合录音可知，答案为is crucial to。
35． 【B9】
正确答案：On the other hand
解析：句意推断题。分析句子结构可知，句子结构完整。结合录音可知，答案为On the otherhand。
36． 【B10】
正确答案：attractive
解析：并列关系题。空格前为副词intuitively，空格后为形容词plausible，空格处需填入形容词。结合录音可知，答案为attractive。
Part III Reading Comprehension
Section A
There is little argument that Pablo Picasso(1881-1973)is the 20th century’s
greatest and most influential artist. Picasso was a genius. His paintings, drawings, prints, and【C1】______reveal endless creativity and passion for life. His works【C2】______ from realistic to abstract: the Blue, Rose, and African periods, Analytical and Synthetic Cubism, Neo-Classicism, Surrealism. Picasso was not true to a【C3】______He was true to the power of personal expression. Picasso’s Guernica is enormous. It measures【C4】______11’ x 25’ feet and has an astonishing physical presence. Just as tragic news reports and photos appeared in newsprint, the mural(壁画)is limited to tones of black, white, and gray. The viewer is【C5】______by the drama; there is no escape from facing the horror. Picasso fills the wide rectangular(长方形的)canvas with【C6】______human and animal forms. The chaos and panic of the bomb scene is shown in flat, Cubist planes. Animals and humans are reduced to simple, angular shapes that increase the tension and frantic movement. Body parts are disjointed from violent destruction. And facial features are【C7】______in pain. Figures are shown from multiple【C8】______The viewer is aware of all aspects of their suffering. No matter their pose, the dead and living communicated their situation with a pair of eyes. Picasso said: “We all know that Art is not truth. Art is a(n) 【C9】______that makes us realize truth. “ The attack on Guernica inspired the passion and genius of Pablo Picasso to reveal his truth about war: war is not about power and glory, war is about pain, suffering, and death. Although Guernica was created in 1937, the universal truth of the work transcends decades and borders. It is as powerful a(n) 【C10】______image in the 21st century, as in the 20th.A)approximately F)perspectives K)prospectsB)sculptures G)abstract L)overweighedC)style H)lie M)prescriptionsD)range I)distorted N)shapeE)overwhelmed J)symbolic O)appropriately
37． 【C1】
正确答案：B
解析：名词辨析题。根据空格前的连词and可知，此处所填名词应该和paintings，drawings，prints并列，说明毕加索的作品，因此B)sculptures“雕塑”符合题意。
38． 【C2】
正确答案：D
解析：动词辨析题。此处所选动词应该能和句中的from…to…搭配使用，说明毕加索作品的风格多样，因此答案为D)range。
39． 【C3】
正确答案：C 解析：名词辨析题。此处填入的名词是对上句中毕加索多种作品形式的总结，并与下句He was true to the power of personal expression形成对比，因此答案为
C)style“风格”。
40． 【C4】
正确答案：A
解析：副词辨析题。本句是对毕加索的巨作《格尔尼卡》的描述，尤其是对该段首句中enormous的详细说明。根据空格前的measures可知此处是对画的尺寸的说明，因此答案为A)approximately“大约”。
41． 【C5】
正确答案：E
解析：动词辨析题。本句描述观众对画中情节的感受。E)overwhelmed常用于be overwhelmed by“使某人非常惊讶”结构。本句表示观众被画中的情节所震撼。
42． 【C6】
正确答案：G
解析：形容词辨析题。本段介绍了壁画的内容，根据上下文对毕加索的介绍以及下一句中的Cubist“立体主义的”，推测答案为G)abstract“抽象的”。
43． 【C7】
正确答案：I
解析：动词辨析题。本句描述画中的人物因痛苦产生的面部表情，因此I)distorted“扭曲”符合句意。
44． 【C8】
正确答案：F
解析：名词辨析题。本句说明人物形象表现的形式。根据句意可知，答案为F)perspectives，在本句中意为“角度”。
45． 【C9】
正确答案：H
解析：名词辨析题。根据上句中的not truth推断，此处应填入与truth相对的词，故H)lie“谎言”符合句意。毕加索的话意为“我们都知道，艺术并非真实。它是让我们认识真相的一个谎言。”
46． 【C10】
正确答案：J
解析：形容词辨析题。本句继续强调《格尔尼卡》的现实地位，在21世纪仍然具有重要意义，因此答案为J)symbolic“象征的”。
Section B
Rainforest CityA)A patch of tropical rainforest has twice the number of mammal species, five times the bats and birds and ten times the types of tree than an identical sized patch of temperate forest. Explaining this diversity is extremely difficult, but much of the answer lies in the unique complexity, productivity and dynamism of the place. These three features have simultaneously fed upon each other to erect and populate the equivalent of vast, buzzing metropolises in the living world.B)In fact, the more we look at the rainforest, the more we see parallels with a city. Just like a city, the rainforest has “guilds” groups that share a common livelihood. Where the city may have guilds of locksmiths and fishmongers(鱼贩), the rainforest has guilds of understorey nectar-eaters and emergent epiphytes(附生植物).C)And. just as a large city offers more employment opportunities than a small town, the rainforest has significantly more guilds than other habitats. This is partly due to its more complex structure—the fact that there is an understorey means species can find a livelihood in the understorey—but the rainforest is also effectively open all year and so it offers employment that is simply not available in other habitats.D)A deckchair attendant in Britain has to do odd jobs in the winter, but in Thailand it’s a year-round occupation. Similarly, no animal can be just a seed-eater in an oak forest, because acorns only fall in autumn. In the rainforest, seeds are always falling from the canopy(树冠)， and so seed-eating is a legitimate profession it has its own guild. Similarly, due to the year-round demand in cities, specialists such as carpet-cleaners, copywriters and couriers can thrive, while in a small town, they are absent.E)The rainforest “job market” is also enormous as a result of its permanently booming “economy”. In nature, energy is the currency, and the incredible productivity of the rainforest ensures that there’s always enough of it around to enable millions of species to live side by side. And, to avoid competition, natural selection has made sure that, even within a guild there are tiny differences in the diets, habitats or behaviours of each member.F)The rainforest could therefore be regarded as a vast association of specialists, a community of animals and plants that ply their own very particular trade. In insects, the specialisation is extreme. Most live on only one or two species of plant. One tree in Panama was found to have 163 species of beetles that were exclusive to that type of tree.G)Most rainforest plants protect their leaves with poisons. In order to eat a plant’s leaves, the insects have to evolve to become tolerant to its particular cocktail of toxins(毒素). After thousands of years, most herbivorous insects are committed to living on their host plant alone.H)So, every poison-laced rainforest tree has a whole community of species living on, under and around it that are not found anywhere else. This situation is not unique to the rainforest. The same happens in Britain. In oak or Scots pine forests, a host of species live on just the oak trees or Scots pines. But the fact is that in these forests, virtually every tree is an oak or a Scots pine.I)What makes the rainforest so special, and so diverse, is that in one
hectare there can be 300 different types of tree, each with its own exclusive community. In one tract of forest there are thousands, and worldwide there could be up to 50 000 canopy-tree species. To an insect, the rainforest isn’t just one job market, but thousands of different job markets, all located in the same city.J)This “mosaic(组合)of trees” is probably the single most important cause of diversity in the rainforest, and yet we don’t really understand how it happens—that is, why you don’t normally find groves of trees in the rainforest.K)It could be that the 50 000 different trees suit 50 000 different types of plot and that the best tree for the spot excludes all the others. Or, it could be that all the trees are as “good” as each other and that the forest is trapped in an endless game of tick-tack-toe(三连游戏)with no ultimate winner. Or, it could be that some species are better than the others and are in the process of taking over, but because this process would take centuries, they never quite manage it before something such as a storm or landslide puts them back to square one.L)But none of these explanations answers a simple question: if this is true for the rainforest, why isn’t it true for an oak forest in England? The only theory that solves this puzzle is one that looks back to animals for an answer. Remember the guild of seed-eaters? In the rainforest a long list of species belongs to this guild.M)There are beetles and weevils(象鼻虫), squirrels and mice, rats, birds and larger mammals such as forest pigs, deer and tapirs. When this gang finds a tree in fruit, they feast until virtually no seed survives. The only seeds that are spared are those scattered far and wide, lying alone on the forest floor. It is these seeds that will go on to create the next generation of canopy trees—one that, like the previous generation, is also scattered far and wide.N)This is how the seed-eaters might create a mosaic of trees—by stopping any one tree from becoming too common. It wouldn’t happen in an English oak forest because there is no guild of seed-eaters— it’s not a year-round occupation.O)No one doubts that the rainforest is extremely valuable, but not everyone sees this value in the same way. Timber merchants, for example, see one kind of value, and environmentalists see another. To many scientists, a rainforest is most valuable when left alone to prosper without human interference, but with a growing human population, a global market for extracted goods and the extent of poverty around the equator, an evaluation of the rainforest has to be more practical than this.P)A new breed of rainforest valuation attempts to fit into the accounting books of nations and international organisations. It speaks the language of accountants, costs both the benefits of an intact rainforest and the losses of a vanished one, works out a forest’s “natural capital” and assesses its contribution to “environmental services”. Its grand conclusion: each hectare of intact rainforest is worth about ￡4 500. It may not sound much, but that puts more than ￡7. 5 trillion in the pockets of some of the most troubled countries on Earth.Q)So where does this figure come from? Three quarters of it represents the uncollected harvest of a living rainforest. Managed sensibly, a wild forest can yield all sorts of sustainable crops—timber, fruit, nuts, fibre, pulpwood, gums, resins, oils, veneer—and there are many more treasures in there that we haven’t discovered yet. At least 3 000 fruits are known from rainforest plant collections, but only 200 of these are now in the marketplace. There are thousands of timbers, resins and oils that we’ve never analysed.R)And, perhaps most important of all, the
rainforest is a natural pharmacy(药房). All those poisonous plants are a goldmine of possible drugs. To date, less than one percent of rainforest plants have been examined for medicinal uses, but even this tiny percentage yields a quarter of all prescription drugs. Estimates suggest that the market value of those still secreted in the forest would run to hundreds of billions of pounds.S)The remaining quarter stems from the value of the chores that the rainforest carries out on our behalf—purifying air and water, preventing floods and drought, pollinating(授粉)our crops, controlling our pests, fertilising our soil and reducing the effects of global warming by storing carbon. If the rainforest disappears, we’ll have to pick up the tab for all of these services, and this means that each time a hectare of forest is felled it actually costs us money.T)When you’ve done the sums, the rainforest is actually worth more whole than in pieces. Each time another hectare is removed, humanity effectively takes a loss. Many of us already knew this, but now it has been written in a language that everyone can understand.
47． More “job opportunities” are provided in rainforest partly because of its more complex structure— understorey.
正确答案：C
解析：细节辨认题。B)段和C)段将热带雨林与城市相比较，城市里有“行会”，雨林里也有“行会”。而只有在C)段作者给出了热带雨林拥有更多“工作机会”的原因：下层木结构。题干中because of对应文中的due to，故选C)。
48． The virtue importance of rainforest probably lies in its medicinal value.
正确答案：R 解析：同义转述题。R)段提到，也许最为重要的是热带雨林是一个天然药房。题干中的medicinal value对应原文的natural pharmacy，故选R)。
49． Each kind of guild feed themselves on a particular plant because they can only tolerate one kind of poison from the leaves.
正确答案：G
解析：细节推断题。G)段提到，雨林中的树木往往在树叶部分进化出毒素，以保护自己。而昆虫为了吃到树叶就必须进化得能够适应某种特定的毒素。几千年后，长期的进化就把它们固定在某种特定的树木上了。题干中的feed themselves on a particular plant与原文的are committed to living on their host plant alone对应，故选G)。
50． One cannot find groves of a particular plant because of the work of seed-eaters, who usually eat up most of its seeds and only leave those far and wide to survive.
正确答案：M
解析：细节推断题。L)段提出疑问：为什么这种理论对橡树森林不成立?接着说到这主要归功于sced-eaters。而在M)段详细介绍了seedeaters对树木子实的影响，说明只有较远处的子实可能存活下来，从而离母树较远，长久繁衍的结果就是很难见到成片的单一树种的树林，题干中的eat up most of its seeds对应原文中的feastuntiI virtually no seed survives；题干中的onlyleave those far and wide to survive对应原文中的The only seeds that are spared are thosescattered far and wide，故选M)。
51． One particular plant can never take over others plants around in the rainforest.
正确答案：K 解析：细节推断题。K)段介绍了雨林中不存在成片同种树木森林的三个猜测。其中一个猜测是：就算有某些物种真的优于其他物种而且正在代替其他物种，但是这个代替过程往往需要几百年的时间，这期间也许就会有暴风雨或山体滑坡将它们夷为平地。题干中的never take over对应K)段的never quite manage it，故选K)。
52． Only a small proportion of the fruits in the rainforest have been fetched to the markets now.
正确答案：Q
解析：细节辨认题。Q)段一开始提到了harvest(收获)、crop(农作物)等，接着又介绍雨林中至少有3000种水果，而只有200多种在市场上销售。题干中的Only a small proportion对应原文的only 200 of these，故选Q)。
53． Due to the diversity of trees in the rainforest, an insect could enjoy many different job markets in the same city.
正确答案：I
解析：细节推断题。I)段提到，热带雨林如此不同的原因是，在同一片雨林中，有多种不同的树木，对于昆虫来说，一个热带雨林相当于多个就业市场，而且就在同一个城市中。题干中的thediversity of trees对应原文的300 different typesof tree；many different job markets in the same city对应于原文的thousands of different job markets，all located in the same city，故选I)。
54． Everybody maintains that rainforests are quite invaluable, but value it in different ways.
正确答案：O
解析：同义转述题。O)段主要谈论的是，不同职业的人们如何看待热带雨林的价值。题干中的value it in different ways对应原文的noteveryone sees this value in the same way，故选O)。
55． Without rainforest, we will have to pay for many charges invisible now.
正确答案：S
解析：细节辨认题。S)段提到，如果雨林消失，我们将不得不亲自为所有雨林提供的服务付费，也就是说，每次每一公顷的森林被砍伐，实际上都花费着我们的金钱。题干中的pay for对应原文的pick up the tab，故选S)。
56． The “job market” of rainforest is always bustling because of enough food supply.
正确答案：E
解析：细节辨认题。E)段提到，热带雨林的“就业市场”很大，在自然界，能量就是货币，热带雨林的生产力保证了所有物种的生存。题干中的enough food supply与原文中的enable millionsof species to live相对应，故选E)。
Section C
The report from the Bureau of Labor Statistics was just as gloomy as anticipated. Unemployment in January jumped to a 16-year high of 7.6 percent, as 598 000 jobs were slashed from US payrolls in the worst single-month decline since December, 1974. With 1.8 million jobs lost in the last three months, there is urgent desire to boost the economy as quickly as possible. But Washington would do well to take a deep breath before reacting to the grim numbers. Collectively, we rely on the unemployment figures and other statistics to frame our sense of reality. They are a vital part of an array of data that we use to assess if we’re doing well or doing badly, and that in turn shapes government policies and corporate budgets and personal spending decisions. The problem is that the statistics aren’t an objective measure of reality? they are simply a best approximation. Directionally, they capture the trends, but the idea that we know precisely how many are unemployed is a myth. That makes finding a solution all the more difficult. First, there is the way the data is assembled. The official unemployment rate is the product of a telephone survey of about 60 000 homes. There is another survey, sometimes referred to as the “payroll survey,” that assesses 400 000 businesses based on their reported payrolls. Both surveys have problems. The payroll survey can easily double-count someone: if you are one person with two jobs, you show up as two workers. The payroll survey also doesn’t capture the number of self-employed, and so says little about how many people are generating an independent income. The household survey has a larger problem. When asked straightforwardly, people tend to lie or shade the truth when the subject is sex, money or employment. If you get a call and are asked if you’re employed, and you say yes, you’re employed. If you say no, however, it may surprise you to learn that you are only unemployed if you’ve been actively looking for work in the past four weeks; otherwise, you are “marginally attached to the labor force” and not actually unemployed. The urge to quantify is embedded in our society. But
the idea that statisticians can then capture an objective reality isn’t just impossible. It also leads to serious misjudgments. Democrats and Republicans can and will take sides on a number of issues, but a more crucial concern is that both are basing major policy decisions on guesstimates rather than looking at the vast wealth of raw data with a critical eye and an open mind.
57． What do we learn from the first paragraph?
A．The US economic situation is going from bad to worse. B．Washington is taking drastic measures to provide more jobs. C．The US government is slashing more jobs from its payrolls. D．The recent economic crisis has taken the US by surprise.
正确答案：A
解析：推理判断题。文章开篇首句指出，来自劳工统计局的报告正如预料的那样糟糕：一月份的失业率达到了16年以来的最高水平。这说明美国经济状况恶化，政府需要尽快振兴经济，故答案为A)。
58． What does the author think of the unemployment figures and other statistics?
A．They form a solid basis for policy making. B．They represent the current situation. C．They signal future economic trends. D．They do not fully reflect the reality.
正确答案：D 解析：细节辨认题。文章第二段主要指出作者对失业率数字和其他数据的看法。文中提到，我们依靠失业率的数字和其他数据来做出评价，但问题是这些数据并不是对现实的客观反映，它们只是最接近而已，所以本题的答案为D)。
59． One problem with the payroll survey is that______. A．it does not include all the businesses B．it fails to count in the self-employed C．it magnifies the number of the jobless D．it does not treat all companies equally
正确答案：B
解析：细节辨认题。定位句指出，电话调查和工资单调查都存在问题。工资单调查的问题在于很容易把某人“算重”及无法获知个体经营者的数量，故B)为答案。
60． The household survey can be faulty in that______. A．people tend to lie when talking on the phone B．not everybody is willing or ready to respond
C．some people won’t provide truthful information D．the definition of unemployment is too broad
正确答案：C
解析：同义转述题。定位句指出，当人们被直接询问的时候，如果话题涉及性、金钱和工作，人们通常会撒谎或者掩盖事实。C)中won’t provide truthful information是对原文中tend to lie or shade the truth的同义转述，故C)为答案。
61． At the end of the passage, the author suggests that______. A．statisticians improve their data assembling methods B．decision makers view the statistics with a critical eye C．politicians listen more before making policy decisions D．Democrats and Republicans cooperate on crucial issues
正确答案：B
解析：推理判断题。文章末句指出，一个更关键的问题在于两党的重大决策都是基于大致估计，而并非用批判的眼光和开放性思维来审阅大量的原始数据资料。言下之意是指决策者应该用批判的眼光和开放性思维看待失业率数字，故B)为答案。
At some point in 2008, someone, probably in either Asia or Africa, made the decision to move from the countryside to the city. This nameless person pushed the human race over a historic threshold, for it was in that year that mankind became, for the first time in its history, a predominantly urban species. It is a trend that shows no sign of slowing. Demographers(人口统计学家)reckon that three-quarters of humanity could be city-dwelling by 2050, with most of the increase coming in the fast-growing towns of Asia and Africa. Migrants to cities are attracted by plentiful jobs, access to hospitals and education, and the ability to escape the boredom of a farmer’s agricultural life. Those factors are more than enough to make up for the squalor(肮脏), disease and spectacular poverty that those same migrants must often at first endure when they become urban dwellers. It is the city that inspires the latest book from Peter Smith. His main thesis is that the buzz of urban life, and the opportunities it offers for co-operation and collaboration, is what attracts people to the city, which in turn makes cities into the engines of art, commerce, science and progress. This is hardly revolutionary, but it is presented in a charming format. Mr. Smith has written a breezy guidebook, with a series of short chapters dedicated to specific aspects of urbanity—parks, say, or the various schemes that have been put forward over the years for building the perfect city. The result is a sort of high-quality, unusually rigorous coffee-table book, designed to be dipped into rather than read from beginning to end. In the chapter on skyscrapers, for example, Mr. Smith touches on construction methods, the revolutionary invention of the automatic lift, the practicalities of living in the sky and the likelihood that, as cities become more crowded, apartment living will become the norm. But there is also time for brief diversions onto bizarre ground, such as a discussion of the skyscraper index(which
holds that a boom in skyscraper construction is a foolproof sign of an imminent recession). One obvious criticism is that the price of breadth is depth; many of Mr. Smith’s essays raise as many questions as they answer. Although that can indeed be frustrating, this is probably the only way to treat so grand a topic. The city is the building block of civilisation and of almost everything people do; a guidebook to the city is really, therefore, a guidebook to how a large and ever-growing chunk of humanity chooses to live. Mr. Smith’s book serves as an excellent introduction to a vast subject, and will suggest plenty of further lines of inquiry.
62． In what way is the year 2008 historic?
A．For the first time in history, urban people outnumbered rural people. B．An influential figure decided to move from the countryside to the city. C．It is in this year that urbanisation made a start in Asia and Africa.
D．The population increase in cities reached a new peak in Asia and Africa.
正确答案：A
解析：语义理解题。定位段指出。2008年人类来到一个历史性的起点，因为在那一年人类在历史上第一次成为城市人口占主导的种群，即城市人口远超农村人口。故A)为答案。
63． What does the author say about urbanisation? A．Its impact is not easy to predict. B．Its process will not slow down. C．It is a milestone in human progress. D．It aggravates the squalor of cities.
正确答案：B
解析：同义转述题。文章第一段提出城市化的话题。第二段第一句指出，这个趋势没有减缓的迹象，B)中will not slow down是对原文中shows no sign of slowing的同义转换，故B)为答案。
64． How does the author comment on Peter Smith’s new book? A．It is but an ordinary coffee-table book. B．It is flavoured with humourous stories. C．It serves as a guide to arts and commerce. D．It is written in a lively and interesting style.
正确答案：D
解析：推理判断题。文章第三段第三、四句提到，Smith先生的书以一种迷人的模式呈现出来；又提到这是一本让人如沐春风的指导书，其主要包含公园及多年来提出的让城市变得完美的各种各样的项目。换言之，它生动有趣，故D)为本题的答案。
65． What does the author say in the chapter on skyscrapers? A．The automatic lift is indispensable in skyscrapers. B．People enjoy living in skyscrapers with a view. C．Skyscrapers are a sure sign of a city’s prosperity. D．Recession closely follows a skyscraper boom.
正确答案：D
解析：细节辨认题。由定位段可知，Smith先生在摩天大楼那一章，阐述了建筑方法、自动电梯等问题，同时谈及一些稀奇的理论，比如关于摩天大楼指数的结论，即摩天大楼的建筑热很明显地预示着即将发生的衰退，故D)为答案。
66． What may be one criticism of Mr. Smith’s book? A．It does not really touch on anything serious.
B．It is too long for people to read from cover to cover. C．It does not deal with any aspect of city life in depth. D．It fails to provide sound advice to city dwellers.
正确答案：C 解析：推理判断题。末段首句提到，对Smith先生的书的—个显著的批评是：文章涉及内容过于广泛，而深度不够，未能对城市生活进行深入探讨，故C)为答案。
Part Ⅳ Translation
67． 儒家思想是中国传统文化的基石。它出现在大约2 500年前的春秋时期(the Spring and Autumn Period)，是建立在夏、商、周朝的传统文化之上，并由孔子创立的完整观念体系(ideological system)。儒家思想博大精深，涵盖了人性、政治、法律、教育、哲学、道德各个领域。儒家文化以人本哲学(humanistic philosophy)为依托，这表现在它对人类个体的尊敬、关注和热爱。总而言之，儒家文化是世界文化遗产的重要组成部分，是东方文化的代表，也是中国文化传统的中流砥柱。
正确答案： Confucianism is the cornerstone of traditional Chinese culture. Founded about 2 500 years ago in the Spring and Autumn Period. Confucianism is a complete ideological system created by Confucius, based on the traditional culture of the Xia, Shang, and Zhou Dynasties. It is extensive and profound, covering the fields of humanity, politics, law, education, philosophy and ethics. Confucian culture rests on humanistic philosophy, which is shown in its respect, attention to and love of human individuals. In brief, Confucian culture is an important component of world cultural heritage, a major representative of oriental culture, and the dominant facet of Chinese cultural tradition.
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