课前自学导引What's really green?
什么是真正的环保？
我们大多数人都知道我们必须保护环境，并且我们大多数人都采取措施来节约能源，减少浪费和污染。但最近，一些“绿色真理”被证明只有一半是真的，甚至完全是假的。这里有一些常见的例子。哪些是真正环保的？
？纸质购物袋比塑料袋好。
塑料袋会造成垃圾，对野生动物是一种危险，野生动物会误把塑料袋当作食物。塑料需要几百年才能分解，而纸张需要的时间则要少得多。正因为如此，人们认为纸袋是更好的环保选择。
然而，制作纸袋所消耗的能源是制作塑料袋的四倍，水的消耗量是塑料袋的三倍。这个过程还会产生更多的温室气体。
事实上，这两种袋子都不利于环境。所以，当你去购物的时候，带上一个可重复使用的袋子。
？当你关掉一个设备，它就会停止耗电。
当我们关掉电视等设备时，它就会进入待机模式。处于这种模式的设备仍然耗电，而处于待机模式的旧设备可能耗更多的电。这是因为即使在设备关闭时，电力仍会继续从设备中泄漏。要确保您的设备真正关闭，请从电源上拔下插头。
？吃当地的食物对环境有好处。
这似乎是常识：吃当地的食物应该对环境更有利，因为它不需要长途运输，并在运输过程中保持低温。不幸的是，事情并没有那么简单。消耗大部分能源和产生大部分温室气体的是粮食生产，而不是运输。在某些情况下，即使考虑到运输，当地农产品所消耗的能源和产生的温室气体也可能比在很远地方种植的农产品要多。
？淋浴比泡澡好。
这取决于你淋浴的时间和你的浴缸有多大。如果你淋浴时间超过8分钟，你将用掉和在浴缸洗澡时一样多的水——大约50升水。因此，关键是尽量缩短淋浴时间。
环境意识现在是日常生活的一部分。但值得审查一下常见的想法和观点，看看什么是真正环保的。
课堂合作探究
1
amount n. 数量，数额 vi. 合计；总计(P68)
(1)a large amount of＋不可数名词，谓语动词用单数
归纳拓展
large amounts of＋不可数名词，谓语动词用复数no amount of 即使再大(或再多)的……(也不)any amount of 无数的，大量的(2)amount to 合计；等于
①A_large_amount_of money was spent on the new building.＝Large_amounts_of money were spent on the new building.建这座新大楼花了很多钱。
②The total cost of repairs amounted_to $100. 修理费用总计达100美元。
(1)单句语法填空
①A large amount of water ________ (waste) every day.②Large amounts of water ________ (waste) every day.
③Their annual income amounted ________ 90,000 yuan last year.答案：①is wasted ②are wasted ③to(2)单句写作
再多的金钱也比不上那样的记忆。
____________________ can equal memories like that.答案：No amount of money
remove v. 移走，搬走，去掉；脱去；摘下；开除，解除(职务)
2
(P69)
remove ... from ... 把……从……移开
归纳拓展
remove from ... to ... 从……搬迁到……
remove sb. from school/office/one's position 开除/免职remove one's clothes 脱下某人的衣服remove one's doubt 消除某人的疑惑
①The student removed his jacket and began to remove the ink in it.那个学生脱掉夹克，开始除去上面的墨水。
②The company has_removed_from London to Oxford.这家公司已经从伦敦搬迁到牛津。
③Teenagers shouldn't be_removed_from_school although they don't do well in
studies.
即使青少年们在学业上做得不好，也不应该被学校开除。易混辨析 remove, move相同之处
两词都有“移动，搬动”之意，表示“迁居，搬家”时二者均可
remove强调完全放弃原来物体所处的位置而到达新的地点，remove还可以
区别
表示“开除、消除、除去”等意思；
move强调“移动、搬动”，指事物位置和姿态的改变
形象记忆
(1)单句语法填空
①She removed my name ________ the name list.②He ________ (remove) from the company yesterday.答案：①from ②was removed(2)选词填空(remove/move)
First, she ________ the dishes from the table. Then she asked her husband to ________ the table.
答案：removed; move
urge v. 竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促 n. 强烈的欲望；冲动；
3
迫切的要求(P71)
(1)urge sb. to do sth. 力劝某人做某事，敦促某人做某事
归纳拓展
urge that ... 敦促/力劝……(从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略)
(2)have all urge to do sth. 有做某事的欲望/冲动(3)urgency n． [U] 紧急，紧迫
urgent adj. 紧急的；急切的
①He urged his parents to_approve_of his marriage.他强烈要求父母同意他的婚事。
②I urge_that you (should)_be_accustomed_to acquiring knowledge from the Internet as soon as possible.
我劝你尽快习惯从互联网上获取知识。
③They have_a_strong_urge_to_learn to read and write.他们迫切地要求学习读写。
单句语法填空
①More and more people urge the government ________ (do) more for the disabled.
②Many concerned Chinese have repeatedly urged that immediate actions ________ (take) to improve the traffic situation.
③They forecasted an ________ (urgency) storm warning.答案：①to do ②(should) be taken ③urgent
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concerned adj. 焦急的，担忧的；关注的，关切的(P71)(1)be concerned about/for 担心……，关心……be concerned with sth. 与某事有牵连as far as I'm concerned 就我而言，依我看
归纳拓展
(2)concern n． [U] 担心；关切 [C] 关心的人(或)事 vt. 涉及，参与；(使)担忧
show/express one's concern for/about ... 对……表示关心/担心
(3)concerning prep. 关于；有关
①I'm_concerned_about the future of wildlife in Africa.我很担心非洲野生动物的未来。
②I am not concerned_with that matter any longer.我和那件事情不再有牵连了。
③As_far_as_I_am_concerned,_he is the right man for this job. 我认为他是做这份工作的合适人选。
④He asked several questions concerning the future of the company.
他问了几个有关公司前途的问题。
名师点津 concerned用作前置定语时，表示“焦急的”“担忧的”；用作后置定语时，表示“有关的”“有牵连的”。
(1)单句语法填空
①His mother is always concerned ________ his future and his happiness.②You should pay attention to questions which are concerned ________ personal problems.
答案：①about/for ②with(2)单句写作
依我看，健康和财富对我们生活都很重要。
____________________， both health and wealth are important to our life.答案：As far as I am concerned
contribute v. 促成，造成(某事发生)；捐赠，捐献；(为报纸、5
杂志、电台或电视节目)撰稿(P72)
(1)contribute ... to ... 把……捐献给……
归纳拓展
contribute to 为……做出贡献；有助于，增进；导致；给……投稿
(2)contribution n. 捐献；贡献；投稿make contributions to 对……做出贡献
①More and more people are willing to contribute food and clothes to the homeless people.
越来越多的人愿意为无家可归的人捐献食物和衣服。
②His visit contributed_to a better understanding between the two countries.他的访问有助于增进两国之间的了解。
③Yuan Longping made_great_contributions_to the development of agriculture.袁隆平为农业的发展做出了巨大的贡献。
(1)单句语法填空
①His bad eating habits might have contributed ________ his heart disease.②He made a very positive ________ (contribute) to the success of the
project.
答案：①to ②contribution(2)单句写作
老一辈革命家为国家的独立做出了巨大的贡献。
The revolutionists of the older generation ____________________ the country's struggle for the independence.
答案：made great contributions to
6归纳拓展
average adj. 平均(数)的 n. 平均水平，一般水准(P72)on (the/an) average 平均，一般来说below average 在平均水平之下，低于平均水平above (the) average 在平均水平以上，高于平均水平
①On_(the/an)_average,_there are 3,000 visitors to the museum every day.平均每天有3,000名游客参观博物馆。
②Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 ℃ above_the_average.
去年是有史以来最暖和的一年，全球温度比平均水平高出0.68摄氏度。③Temperatures are below_average for the time of year.对一年中的这个时候来说，气温低于平均温度。
单句写作
①一般来说，不吸烟的人比吸烟的人更健康。
______________， people who don't smoke are healthier than people who do.②今年的降雪量低于平均水平。
The amount of snow this year is __________________.③汤姆的功课在一般水平之上。
Tom's work at school is __________________.
答案：①On (the/an) average ②below average ③above (the) average
take ... into account 把……考虑进去(P69)
归纳拓展
(1)take ... into account＝take account of 考虑到……，把……考虑在内
(2)account n. 叙述；描写；报道；账单；账户 v. 说明；解释；占(一定数量或比例)；认为是give an account of 对……进行描述on account of 因为，由于
on no account 决不(位于句首时句子用部分倒装)account for 解释，说明；(数量/比例上)占……
①When judging his performance, we should take his age into_account.评价他的表演时，我们应该把他的年龄考虑在内。
②The policeman gave_an_account_of the traffic accident.警察叙述了交通事故的经过。
③Innocent people get into trouble on_account_of others' misfortune.城门失火，殃及池鱼。
④On_no_account should we give up the plan.我们决不放弃这个计划。
⑤The women teachers account_for 30% of all the staff in our school.女教师占我们全校职工的30%。
单句语法填空
①Can you account ________ how the money got into your bag?②He has a bad name ________ account of his dishonesty.③We should take the interests of the whole ________ account.④________ no account must you accept any money if he offers you.答案：①for ②on ③into ④On
However, making a paper bag uses
four_times_as_much_energy_as making a plastic bag and
1
up to three times the amount of water. 然而，制作纸袋所消耗的能源是塑料袋的四倍，水的消耗量是塑料袋的三倍。(P68)
剖析
本句中four times as much energy as是倍数表达的常用形式，其结构为： ... 倍数＋as many/much＋n.＋as ...
常见的倍数句型：
归纳拓展
(1) ... 倍数＋as＋adj./adv. 原级＋as ... (2) ... 倍数＋adj./adv. 比较级＋than ... (3) ... 倍数＋性质名词(the
size/length/height/depth/width)＋of ...
This room is three_times_as_big_as that one.＝This room is three_times_bigger_than that one.＝This room is three_times_the_size_of that one.这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。
名师点津 表示“两倍”时，用twice或double，三倍或三倍以上则用“基数词＋times”来表达。句式中表示倍数也可用分数、百分数、half等其他程度状语。
一句多译
为迎接2022年北京冬季奥运会而修建的体育场将是现在的三倍大。
①The new stadium built for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics will be ____________________ the present one.
②The new stadium built for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics will be ____________________ the present one.
③The new stadium built for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics will be ____________________ the present one.
答案：①three times as big as ②three times bigger than③three times the size of
But it's_worth_checking common ideas and opinions to
2
see what's really green. 但值得审查一下常见的想法和观点，看看什么是真正环保的。(P69)
本句中is worth checking为“be worth doing”结构，意为
剖析
“值得做”，其中动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。worth为表语形容词，常用well修饰。
归纳拓展
(1)be worth＋Error!(2)be worthy＋Error!值得做
(3)It is worthwhile to do/doing sth. 值得做……
①A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。
②The matter is_worth_consideration/considering.
＝The matter is_worthy_of_consideration/being_considered.＝The matter is_worthy_to_be_considered.
＝It_is_worthwhile_considering/to_consider the matter.这件事情值得考虑。
语境串记 Li Bai was a great poet in the history. His poems are_worth_reading. Even many foreigners come to study his poems. They think the famous poems are_worthy_of_being_studied_and_appreciated. In their eyes, it is_worthwhile_to_put much energy into it.
李白是历史上一位伟大的诗人。他的诗值得一读。甚至有许多外国人来研究他的诗歌。他们认为这些名诗值得研究和欣赏。在他们眼里，这值得投入大量精力。
一句多译
这个地方值得一游。
①This place is worth ____________.②This place is worth ________.③This place is worthy of ____________.④This place is worthy of ________________.⑤This place is worthy ______________.
⑥It is worthwhile ________________ this place.⑦It is worthwhile ________ this place.
答案：①a visit ②visiting ③a visit ④being visited ⑤to be visited ⑥to visit ⑦visiting
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Switch the camera into the automatic ________ (模式)．答案：mode
2．How to use ________ (电) safely has become general knowledge in our village.
答案：electricity
3．How much does the advertising ________ (活动) cost?
答案：campaign
4．The ________ (担忧的) mother stood at the gate, waiting for her son to come back home.
答案：concerned
5．It's more convenient to eat in the ________ (食堂)．答案：canteen
6．His words gave us the f________ impression that he would lend us money, but he would not.
答案：false
7．There is a need for us to buy a watersaving d________.答案：device
8．You should take a s________ phone with you in case your present one is out of power.
答案：standby
9．The capacity of this bottle is one l________.答案：litre
10．He spent a large a________ of time in New York.答案：amountⅡ.单句语法填空
1．The number of the animals in this area has reduced from 10,000 to 7,000. That is to say, it has reduced ________ 3,000.
答案：by
2．Three children ________ (remove) from the school for their bad behaviour yesterday.
答案：were removed
3．I'm sure your suggestion will contribute ________ solving the problem. 答案：to
4．The teacher urged him ________ (hand) in his homework at once.答案：to hand
5．Large amounts of water ________ (be) needed in this area.答案：are
6．________ average, there are more boys than girls in every class.答案：OnⅢ.选词填空
be bad for; be good for; break down; depend on; mistake ... for ...; turn off; take ... into account; up to
1．Eating too much sugar ________ your teeth.答案：is bad for
2．He ________ me ________ my sister yesterday. We look so similar.答案：mistook; for
3．Don't forget to ________ the lights when you leave the room.答案：turn off
4．The success or failure of the matter ________ your own effort.答案：depends on
5．You should ________ all aspects ________ before you make a decision.答案：take; into account
6．________ two million people there are dependent on food aid.答案：Up to
7．Scientists tell us that laughter ________ our health.答案：is good for
8．Plastic bags are difficult to ________.答案：break downⅣ.单句写作
1．我们班女生的数量是男生的3倍。
There are ____________________ boys in our class.答案：three times as many girls as2．那部新电影真的很值得看。The new movie __________________.答案：is well worth seeing3．大多数英国女性结婚后随夫姓。
__________________ British women adopt their husband's surname when they marry.
答案：The majority of
4．完成这篇文章花了我三个小时。It __________________ this essay.答案：took me three hours to finish5．是汤姆教你英语吗？
__________________ teaches you English?
答案：Is it Tom who/that
课后课时作业
Ⅰ 完形填空
I went to complete some incomplete business this afternoon. I __1__ the car and was walking towards my destination, when from a distance I saw a(n) __2__ man walking towards me in the opposite direction.
As we came close, I saw that he was walking __3__ in measured steps and there was a look of pain on his face. He was not feeling __4__， which I could clearly see. I moved on, wanting to go __5__ and complete my __6__ work.
I soon __7__ my destination, completed my work and was __8__ where the car was parked, when __9__ from a distance I saw the same man sitting on the road. I went up to him.
I bent down and saw that he was tired and __10__. I was concerned and asked him where he stayed __11__ my intention was to __12__ him home in my car. He gave me the name of the place where he stayed, __13__， the name didn't seem familiar and I didn't want to spend too much time __14__ the place, considering the condition of my elderly friend. I __15__ on the opposite side of the road were a few auto rickshaws (自动人力车).
I knew the auto rickshaw drivers were the best __16__ to unknown places. I called one of the auto rickshaws over and told the __17__ to take my friend to his place. After a brief conversation with the man, the driver had a fairly good idea of the direction he had to take to reach the __18__. I asked him about the __19__ and gave him the money.
My friend __20__ his hand and said softly, “Thank you！” I waved back to the stranger who briefly came, touched my life, and moved away, never to be seen again.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在完成工作返回的路上设法送一位老人回家的故事。
1．A.got intoC．pulled out
B．startedD．parked
答案：D 根据空格后“was walking towards my destination”及下文中“__8__ where the car was parked”可知，作者朝着目的地走去，因此之前要先把车停好(parked)。
2．A.tallC．strong
B．elderlyD．attractive
答案：B 根据下文中“considering the condition of my elderly friend”可知，作者看到一位老(elderly)人朝他的方向走来。
3．A.quietlyC．slowly
B．calmlyD．hurriedly
答案：C 根据空格后“in measured steps”可知，他走得很缓慢(slowly)。4．A.comfortableC．warm
B．satisfiedD．bad
答案：A 根据空格前“there was a look of pain on his face”可知，作者可以看出来他感觉不舒服(comfortable)。
5．A.peacefullyC．carefully
B．cheerfullyD．quickly
答案：D 根据上文中“complete some incomplete business”和空格前“I moved on”可知，作者想走快点(quickly)去完成未完成的工作。
6．A.difficultC．important
B．unfinishedD．regular
答案：B 由第一段中的“incomplete business”可知，此处指未完成的(unfinished)工作。
7．A.reachedC．changed
答案：A 作者很快到达了(reached)目的地。8．A.finding outC．returning to
B．looking forD．getting throughB．leftD．got
答案：C 根据空格后“where the car was parked”可知，作者返回(returning to)停车的地方。
9．A.stillC．only
B．alreadyD．again
答案：D 根据上文中“when from a distance I saw a(n) __2__ man walking towards me in the opposite direction”可知，作者之前见过了这个老人，因此再次(again)从远处看到这位老人。
10．A.exhaustedC．surprised
B．impatientD．nervous
答案：A 根据空格前“he was tired”可知，作者看到老人已经筋疲力尽(exhausted)。
11．A.onceC．when
B．asD．if
答案：B 由上下文的描述可知，此处表示原因，故用as “由于”。12．A.seeC．drive
B．callD．assist
答案：C 根据空格后“in my car”可知，作者想开车(drive)送他回家。13．A.howeverC．besides
B．insteadD．therefore
答案：A 根据空格前“He gave me the name of the place where he stayed”及空格后“the name didn't seem familiar”可知，前后句为转折关系，故应用however “然而”。
14．A.missing outC．coming across
B．searching forD．wandering around
答案：B 根据空格前“the name didn't seem familiar”可知，作者不熟悉老人住的地方，因此不想花太多时间去寻找(searching for)老人住的地方。
15．A.concludedC．considered
B．suggestedD．noticed
答案：D 作者注意到(noticed)路对面有很多自动人力车。16．A.teachersC．guides
B．performersD．friends
答案：C 由文中的描述以及常识可知，作者知道人力车司机是去往不知名地方最好的向导(guides)。
17．A.driverC．host
B．workerD．boss
答案：A 作者告诉自动人力车司机(driver)把老人送回家。18．A.pointC．street
B．roadD．destination
答案：D 由文中的描述可知，人力车司机知道如何到达目的地(destination)，也就是老人的家。
19．A.route
B．situation
C．fareD．way
答案：C 根据空格后“gave him the money”可知，作者问了路费(fare)并给了他钱。
20．A.shookC．raised
B．wavedD．clapped
答案：B 根据下文中“I waved back”可知，此处指这位老人向作者挥手(waved)告别。
Ⅱ 七选五
Should We Create More National Parks to Save Endangered Animals?
Don't you find it worrying that more and more species of animals are in real danger of becoming extinct? __1__ And I think the best way to do this is for governments to create more national parks.
__2__ If this environment is destroyed—for example, when farmers clear a forest for new fields, or trees are cut down for making money—many animals are unable to survive, and more species are likely to become extinct.
In addition, national parks protect animals from the danger of being hunted. A major reason why many species are endangered is that the animals are killed by hunters. They hunt animals to make money. __3__
On the other hand, some people fight against the creation of national parks because they consider it wrong to interfere (干涉) with nature. They believe that wild animals are happier living in their natural environment. __4__ They also point out that a few species are more likely to produce young animals in the wild than in national parks.
All in all, though, these disadvantages are far less important than the benefits of national parks. __5__ As a matter of fact, they protect animals from their greatest enemies, that is, human beings.
A．To begin with, animals are important to humans.B．Some hunters even hunt animals simply for sport.C．I personally believe that we must save these animals.D．These parks allow animals to live in a safe environment.
E．Firstly, national parks protect the animals' natural environment.F．They say though the animals may face danger, they enjoy a free life.G．There is a heated discussion about whether to create more national parks.
篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。作者就是否应该创建更多的国家公园来保护濒危动物的问题进行了论述。
1．C 根据空格前句“Don't you find it worrying that more and more species of animals are in real danger of becoming extinct？”可知，越来越多的动物濒临灭绝；根据空格后句“And I think the best way to do this is for governments to create more national parks.”可知，作者认为最好的办法是政府建更多的国家公园。故C项(就自己而言，我认为我们必须拯救这些动物。)承接上下句，符合文意。
2．E 根据空格后句“If this environment is destroyed—for example, when farmers clear a forest for new fields, or trees are cut down for making money—many animals are unable to survive, and more species are likely to become extinct.”可知，要保护动物首先要保护动物生活的自然环境，故选E项。
3．B 本段讲述国家公园可以避免动物被猎杀，接下来讲的是动物被猎杀的原因。空格前句“They hunt animals to make money.”是其中一个原因，B项(有些猎人甚至纯粹为了运动而猎杀动物。)是另一个原因，故选B项。
4．F 根据空格前句“They believe that wild animals are happier living in their natural environment.”可知，有些人认为野生动物更喜欢生活在大自然中，F项(尽管这些动物可能会面临危险，但是它们喜欢一种自由的生活。)符合文意。
5．D 根据空格后句“As a matter of fact, they protect animals from their greatest enemies, that is, human beings.”可知，国家公园可以保护动物免受人类的捕杀，是它们安全的庇护所，故D项(这些公园使动物生活在一个安全的环境中。)符合文意。
Ⅲ 语法填空
The cheetah (猎豹), an expert hunter, sits __1__ (silent) atop a hill and scans the herds of feeding animals looking for the perfect prey (猎物). Finding a target, it moves quietly through the grass until it is close enough __2__ (know) it can get its reward.
The cheetah is perfectly built for the kill. Its coloring helps it to
disappear into the landscape to avoid __3__ (see). And its speed over a short distance, the fastest in the animal world, __4__ (allow) it to chase (追逐) its target. Once the prey is killed, the cheetah pulls the carcass (尸体) to a safe place, even __5__ (pull) it up into a tree to stop other predators (食肉动物) from stealing __6__.
However, the cheetah is also a highly __7__ (endanger) animal. Once found throughout Asia and Africa, cheetahs today are racing toward __8__ (extinct). Loss of habitat and declining numbers of their prey threaten the future of these cats. To change the fall in cheetah numbers, animal lovers are working to protect them. __9__ addition, conservation groups are encouraging local farmers to protect cheetahs __10__ come on their land. It will be a sad day if this beautiful animal disappears from our planet.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________9．________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界上短距离奔跑速度最快的动物——猎豹。
1．silently 考查词性转换。句意：猎豹，一个专业的猎手，静静地坐在山顶上，扫视着一群觅食的动物，寻找完美的猎物。本空修饰动词sits，故应用副词silently“静静地”。
2．to know 考查非谓语动词。句意：一找到目标，它会静静地在草丛中移动，直到它离目标足够近，知道自己能得到回报(猎物)。“be＋adj./adv.＋enough to do sth.\\”意为“足够做某事”，故本空应用不定式作结果状语。
3．being seen 考查非谓语动词。句意：它的颜色有助于它和周围环境融为一体，以避免被看到。avoid后应跟动名词作宾语，根据句意可知本空应用动名词的被动式。
4．allows 考查动词的时态及主谓一致。句意：它在短距离内的速度是动物世界中最快的，这使得它可以追逐自己的目标。根据前后文可知，本句应用一般现在时；本句主语为“its speed over a short distance”，故本空动词应用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。
5．pulling 考查非谓语动词。句意：一旦猎物被杀死，猎豹就会把尸体拖到安全的地方，甚至会把尸体拖到树上，以防止其他捕食者偷走它。本句主语the cheetah和动词pull之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用现在分词作状语。
6．it 考查代词。根据句意可知，本空应用代词it代指前面提到的the carcass。7．endangered 考查词性转换。句意：然而，猎豹也是一种非常濒危的动物。本空修饰名词animal，故应用形容词endangered “濒临灭绝的”。
8．extinction 考查词性转换。句意：猎豹曾经遍布亚洲和非洲，如今正濒临灭绝。本空在句中作介词的宾语，故应用名词extinction “灭绝”。
9．In 考查介词。句意：保护组织鼓励当地农民保护进入他们土地的猎豹。in addition意为“另外，此外”，故本空应填介词In。
10．that/which 考查定语从句的引导词。本空引导定语从句，修饰cheetahs，在从句中作主语，故应用that或which引导。
Ⅳ 概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The problem is that countries around the world have growing mountains of rubbish because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.
How did we become a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to replace an object than to spend time and money repairing it. Thanks to modern manufacturing (制造业) and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and cheap.
Another cause is our love of disposable (一次性的) products. As busy people, we are always looking for ways to save time and make our lives easier. Companies produce thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.
Our appetite for new products also contributes to the problem. We are addicted to buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that newer is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we throw away useful possessions to make room for new ones.
All around the world, we can see the consequences of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To decrease the amount of rubbish and to protect the environment, more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. However, this is not enough to solve our problem.
Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions instead of throwing them away. We also need to rethink our attitudes towards repairing. Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.
写前导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述的是形成堆积如山的垃圾的原因及其对策。
[精彩范文]
With more things thrown away, there is an increasing amount of rubbish worldwide. (要点1) Some factors may account for this phenomenon. (要点2) Firstly, compared to repairing, substituting an item is easier due to abundant and cheap goods available. (要点3) Secondly, our performance for disposable and new products also worsens the problem. (要点4) The solution lies in recycling materials, fixing broken objects. But more importantly, we should change our consuming habits. (要点5)
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