词汇练习 Test 1:
1. The price of beer _____ from 50 cents to $4 per liter during the summer season.
a. altered b. ranged c. separated d. differed
2. There‟s no point in dwelling too much _____ your mistakes long after the test was over.
a. at b. on c. for d. with
3. The boy tried his best to live up to his parents‟ _____, but finally failed. a. rejections b. impressions c. expectations d. competitions 4. The idea that women were inferior to men used to gain a wide _____. a. acceptance b. coincidence c. amazement d. disappointment 5. Your answers on these tests are too much _____. You must have cheated. a. like b. liking c. alike d. likely
6. Bill _____ to his mother for a larger allowance, but she said no. a. appealed b. contributed c. approved d. attached 7. Bob _____ me that he would pay back the loan.
a. insured b. assured c. guaranteed d. assumed 8. Are you _____ to serve on the committee?
a. available b. attainable c. engaged d. flexible 9. You need a good sense of _____ to ride a bicycle. a. level b. skill c. balance d. capacity
10. The judges _____ a gold medal to the gymnast from Romania. a. rewarded b. devoted c. declared d. awarded 11. Few people can _____ a summer home on the lake. a. apply b. afford c. affect d. effect
12. She was _____ at your saying that. Actually, she seldom got angry. a. bothered b. troubled c. annoyed d. worried
13. Police have _____ to the public to come forward with any information which might help them in their inquiries.
a. urged b. appealed c. claimed d. called 14. We shopped all day, but didn‟t see any _____.
a. bubbles b. bargains c. bundles d. borders
15. The two tourists had a language _____ and could not understand each other.
a. barrier b. obstacle c. boundary d. burden
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16. Both sides exchanged their views on a wide _____ of topics they were interested in at the meeting.
a. extent b. degree c. collection d. range
17. He was a man of noble _____. He came from an old and prominent family in Vermont.
a. origin b. source c. root d. resource
18. These experiments all _____ that a liquid exerts an upward force on any object placed in it.
a. indicate b. signal c. mean d. imply
19. Owing to the effective measures adopted by the government, the disease has stopped _____.
a. extending b. expanding c. spreading d. stretching 20. All the other rooms are occupied. May I use this _____ room? a. bare b. blank c. vacant d. hollow Test 2:
1. The football player is hoping to _____ to another club soon. a. transfer b. transform c. transmit d. transport
2. Will you please _____ that the amounts on your bill are correct? a. inform b. affirm c. confirm d. conform
3. The _____ from childhood to manhood is often a difficult time for a young man.
a. transaction b. transformation c. transmission d. transition 4. Though the long-term _____ can‟t be predicted, the project has been approved by the committee.
a. effort b. effect c. affect d. afford
5. The department‟s _____ didn‟t include money for electricity. a. budget b. estimate c. outcome d. scheme 6. The picnic was _____ because of the rain.
a. called for b. called out c. called on d. called off 7. My office doesn‟t have _____ desks for its employees.
a. sufficient b. efficient c. effective d. efficiency
8. Today, housework has been made much easier by electrical _____. a. facilities b. instruments c. appliances d. equipment 9. We must _____ that the experiment is controlled as rigidly as possible. a. assure b. secure c. ensure d. insure
10. I asked the tailor to make a small _____ to my trousers because they were too long.
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a. change b. variation c. revision d. alteration
11. The soldier was _____ of running away when the enemy attacked. a. complained b. accused c. charged d. punished
12. It is quite necessary for a qualified teacher to have good manners and _____ knowledge.
a. extensive b. expansive c. intensive d. expensive
13. Difficulties and hardships have _____ the best qualities of the young geologist.
a. brought out b. brought about c. brought forth d. brought up 14. We must be _____ to the community‟s needs.
a. selective b. synthetic c. specific d. sensitive
15. The engineer had a _____ plan to build a bridge over the English Channel. a. bold b. bare c. blank d. bolt
16. There is no beer left and the pubs are shut so you have to _____. a. go without b. go off c. go over d. go for 17. I‟ll just _____ the train times.
a. look out b. look up c. look for d. look through 18. Tim has _____ offers from several different law firms.
a. turned away b. turned out c. turned to d. turned down 19. Don _____ at the red light and we stopped behind him.
a. pull through b. pull down c. pulled up d. pull off 20. He will respect you more if you _____ to him.
a. stand up b. look forward c. hold on d. live up Test 3:
1. The body _____ itself to changes in temperature.
a. abandons b. adjusts c. abuses d. absorbs 2. _____ to education is the right of every citizen.
a. Access b. Absence c. Reception d. Accent 3. Mary _____ Tom on the piano.
a. companied b. accompanied c. combined d. composed 4. I was not able to _____ all I set out to do.
a. acquire b. attain c. reach d. accomplish 5. The police _____ Bill of being at the scene of the crime. a. accused b. charged c. blamed d. criticized 6. Since Bill couldn‟t _____ to college life, he left school. a. accustom b. adapt c. admit d. adopt 7. I have a few _____ to take care of this week.
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a. affairs b. events c. incidents d. adventures 8. We all love the cheerful _____ of Christmas.
a. environment b. background c. situation d. atmosphere 9. If he can _____ the speed, he will win the race. a. maintain b. contain c. make d. take
10. _____ from the pain came as the medicine began to take effect. a. Release b. Relief c. Increase d. Decrease
11. Scientists have discovered a close _____ between smoking and several serious diseases.
a. action b. union c. connection d. combination 12. They _____ that the library be kept open during the holidays. a. convinced b. persuaded c. impressed d. urged
13. When they heard how well the new company was doing, they took a calculated _____ and invested all their money in it. a. venture b. chance c. opportunity d. risk
14. Her book gave me an _____ into the way government actually works. a. information b. insight c. instinct d. inspiration 15. We must _____ that the telegram arrives in time. a. secure b. ensure c. assure d. capture 16. David _____ his proposal to the company president.
a. permitted b. admitted c. committed d. submitted 17. Every teacher ought to be _____ kids to think about current issues. a. descending b. disturbing c. challenging d. eliciting 18. The beauty of the scenery _____ all my expectations.
a. surpassed b. suppressed c. represented d. entertained 19. The _____ of terrorism is increasing in big cities. a. accident b. event c. item d. incidence 20. She will have to learn to _____ herself to English life. a. adapt b. adopt c. afford d. apply Test 4:
1. Working around the clock, they _____ the project on time.
a. delivered b. endured c. recalled d. accomplished 2. The plan had been _____, which made him very angry.
a. called up b. called on c. called off d. called in
3. In the experiment, you could show that a liquid, too, can _____ sound by ringing a small bell beneath the surface of water in a sink. a. transport b. transmit c. transplant d. transform
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4. It seems to me that few people are _____ to vanity or jealousy. a. avoided b. committed c. immune d. likely
5. To improve the relationship between the two countries, it‟s important that both sides take a(n) _____ attitude.
a. progressive b. effective c. constructive d. responsive
6. You will find that _____, your roommate will turn out to be your best friend.
a. after all b. for the most part c. in the long run d. at the end 7. His knowledge of French literature _____ mine.
a. is superior to b. is superior than c. is more superior than d. is more superior to
8. Well, let‟s put our head together and find a _____ to the problem. a. reply b. way c. solution d. method
9. He was _____ his brother because he was the star of the school team. a. envious of b. envious for c. envy of d. envy for
10. The actual cost of the building was much higher than our original _____. a. consideration b. judgment c. estimate d. plan
11. In the advance course students must take performance tests at monthly _____.
a. gaps b. length c. intervals d. distance 12. _____ all my efforts I failed.
a. Despite of b. Although c. As d. In spite of
13. Now you can compare your translation _____ the model translation on the blackboard.
a. with b. at c. by d. from
14. I‟m afraid he can‟t _____ to the idea of having a woman as his boss. a. adapt b. adopt c. advise d. admire
15. Wise mother never _____ her children _____ the slightest possibility of danger.
a. exposes, to b. supposes, to c. adjusts, to d. coordinates, with 16. He left the scene immediately, afraid of being _____ in trouble. a. connected b. associated c. related d. involved 17. The receptionist said he would see that she _____ the message. a. get b. would get c. got d. was getting
18. Jim talked _____ contentedly, unaware of the embarrassed look on his girlfriend‟s face.
a. out b. up c. away d. off
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19. Helen _____ fly to Los Angeles despite the nasty weather.
a. was decided to b. determine to c. decided d. was determined to 20. The United Kingdom _____ England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland.
a. is consisted of b. consists of c. composes of d. compromises Test 5:
1. Students who live in poverty should not be _____ the chances to continue their study.
a. forbidden b. prevented c. denied d. withheld
2. In today‟s English class we tried a new _____ to one of Shelley‟s poems. a. manner b. approach c. tool d. means 3. These shoes are comfortable _____ pretty.
a. rather than b. more than c. as to d. much than 4. Her husband _____ that it was he who had damaged her car. a. convinced b. confirmed c. assured d. reassured 5. Let me know if any difficulties _____.
a. arouse b. arise c. rise d. raise 6. Rich people aren‟t _____ happy.
a. normally b. abnormally c. necessarily d. fortunately 7. They set off as scheduled _____.
a. despite someone opposed to do so b. in spite someone opposed to do so c. in spite of someone opposed to do so d. despite someone‟s opposition
8. Everyone interviewed had been _____ to unfair treatment. a. subjected b. adjusted c. devoted d. entitled
9. At first, everything was _____, just like any other day. But then! a. average b. normal c. usual d. common
10. None of the servants were _____ when Mr. Smith wanted to send a message.
a. available b. approachable c. allowable d. applicable 11. He went ahead _____ all warnings about the danger of his mission. a. in case of b. because of c. regardless of d. prior to
12. The manager who is admired by his subordinates is both competent and _____.
a. sufficient b. excessive c. available d. efficient
13. It‟s reasonable that the course of history needs _____ amount of memory work.
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a. considered b. considering c. considerable d. considerate 14. She spent a happy afternoon sorting _____ her coins and stamps. a. in b. out c. at d. off
15. The man, who has a big family to raise, now is under _____ of unemployment.
a. barrier b. controversy c. illustration d. threat
16. Tom is so childish that he is no _____ fit to be a leader than a schoolboy would be.
a. much b. much as c. more d. more of 17. It will be the 5th bar of chocolate that I _____ tonight.
a. take b. have taken c. took d. am going to take
18. Tom was very generous. He gave away money easily. So it was not surprising that he _____ soon.
a. went into debt b. ran into a debt c. got himself into debt d. slipped himself into a debt
19. Riding on a bus without paying the fare _____ cheating the bus company. a. amounts to b. brings up c. lives over d. takes for 20. Bob, who was the sole executor, took _____ of all arrangements. a. effect b. part c. consideration d. charge Test 6:
1. Repeated failure in school was harming the girl‟s _____.
a. self-control b. self-confidence c. self-concept d. self-awareness 2. The death of his father was _____ a disaster to his family.
a. nothing less than b. rather than c. no much than d. no more than 3. His understanding made a deep impression _____ the young girl. a. on b. in c. for d. to
4. I find it difficult to sympathize _____ him when he complains so much. a. about b. upon c. with d. to 5. He _____ me of his having left for Europe.
a. told b. informed c. deprived d. persuaded 6. This system is identical _____ the one used in Germany. a. to b. of c. at d. for
7. His main support will come from the people who _____ him.
a. interfere with b. lie with c. along with d. identify with 8. Is $100 _____ for the expenses of your journey?
a. sufficient b. proficient c. deficient d. efficient 9. When he was in his _____, he would sing his favorite song.
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a. emotion b. feeling c. mood d. sense
10. Try the product out in the comfort of your own home with absolutely no _____ to buy.
a. assignment b. engagement c. commitment d. payment 11. He got very little in _____ for his hard work. a. reward b. prize c. offer d. award
12. Large amounts of dangerous waste are _____ daily by the factory. a. divorced b. discharged c. dismissed d. divided
13. When changes in society take place, those that are worth _____ sometimes vanish along with bad qualities.
a. of keeping b. kept c. to keep d. keeping
14. I‟d like to rent a house ----- modern, comfortable, and _____ in a quiet location.
a. not at all b. all in all c. after all d. above all
15. The relative effects of heredity and environment are most clearly _____ in identical twins.
a. observable b. unstable c. expectant d. tangible 16. Can you _____ the different buildings at such a distance? a. judge b. separate c. distinguish d. isolate 17. His bright clothes weren‟t _____ for a funeral.
a. apparent b. constant c. sufficient d. appropriate
18. Would you _____ her novels as serious literature or as mere entertainment?
a. classify b. evaluate c. deduce d. describe 19. My parents used to entertain friends on a large _____. a. extent b. way c. scale d. degree
20. In order to get the payment for goods back, the company decided to _____ to the law.
a. dwell b. resort c. call d. endeavor Test 7:
1. In some areas, modern intensive farming is _____ the reintroduction of traditional methods.
a. giving way to b. being prone to c. living up to d. leading to 2. Ancient Egyptians knew of means to _____ dead bodies from decay. a. conserve b. preserve c. observe d. serve
3. His secretaries were fired one after another _____ quick succession until he found the one he liked.
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a. at b. of c. in d. with
4. It is helpful if students _____ their landladies when they are going away. a. inform b. reform c. acquire d. inquire
5. The fencing had a _____ effect on cattle ranching, since the herds no longer had unrestricted use of the plains of grazing.
a. considerate b. considering c. consistent d. considerable 6. What a(n) _____ that I was in Beijing at the same time as you. a. incident b. event c. coincidence d. incidence 7. This store has an excellent _____ for fair dealing.
a. repetition b. popularity c. authority d. reputation
8. After moving to a new place, one must first _____ to the climate in that area.
a. adopt b. adapt c. adept d. adroit
9. What can we do to _____ the present trend of falling sales so that we can have more profits?
a. reverse b. undergo c. proceed d. grope 10. Jerry realized with alarm that he had no _____ in his leg.
a. conscience b. sensation c. consciousness d. sensibility 11. Henry doesn‟t bear much _____ to the man whose photo I‟ve seen. a. passion b. association c. combination d. resemblance
12. Menu design has provided the American public with a pleasing prelude _____ the dining experience since 1980s. a. in b. to c. on d. for
13. The police _____ that the man was in the area at the time of the robbery. a. circulated b. confined c. contended d. confounded
14. The hospital building program will have to take precedence _____ the road building program.
a. against b. to c. with d. over
15. Petrol is manufactured from the _____ oil we take out of the ground. a. rough b. crude c. raw d. rude
16. He hopes to _____ all his aims by the end of the year. a. retain b. require c. acquire d. achieve 17. She was asked to _____ the criminal.
a. recognize b. realize c. identify d. know
18. A man who doesn‟t learn from others can‟t hope to _____ much. a. achieve b. access c. advance d. approve
19. My wife‟s been _____ a lot of pressure on me to change my job.
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a. exerting b. designating c. excelling d. deciding 20. He _____ that the house be repaired.
a. opposed b. imposed c. proposed d. composed Test 8:
1. It is useful to be able to predict the extent _____ which a price change will affect supply and demand.
a. from b. with c. to d. for
2. Having no one to _____ for help, the poor child had to live on begging. a. look to b. look up c. look on d. look forward
3. It was perfectly all right, he said, because the police hadn‟t _____ him of anything.
a. suspected b. doubted c. investigated d. refer 4. You mustn‟t delay _____ the medicine over. a. send b. sending c. sent d. to send
5. I can‟t understand _____ a decision until it is too late.
a. his postponing to make b. him to postpone to make c. his postponing making d. him to postpone making 6. What is the time _____ your watch? a. on b. with c. by d. for 7. The plane _____ despite the dense fog.
a. took off b. took down c. took up d. took on 8. I think it‟s time we _____ business.
a. get down to b. will get down to c. got down to d. should get down to 9. They live for school, so they spend all their _____ hours in pursuit of an education.
a. wakening b. awakening c. awoken d. waking
10. The criminal always paid _____ cash so the police couldn‟t track him down.
a. on b. by c. for d. in
11. _____ average, there are 20 boys present every day. a. In B. On C. With D. For
12. He is an honest person. His actions are always _____ his words.
a. agreed on b. contradicted by c. contrary to d. in accordance with 13. He made such a _____ contribution to the university that they are naming one of the new buildings after him.
a. genuine b. modest c. generous d. minimum
14. A completely new situation will _____ when the examination system
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comes into existence.
a. rise b. raise c. arise d. arouse
15. He does his best to _____ ways and means of solving the problem. a. explore b. explode c. exploit d. expose 16. John won‟t give up. He _____ in repeating his opinion. a. resists b. insists c. persists d. consists 17. Bob died of a heart attack, _____ by his lifestyle.
a. brought down b. brought out c. brought up d. brought on 18. He was _____ from his job for not obeying the company‟s safety regulations.
a. discharged b. discarded c. dismissed d. discerned 19. There‟s little chance that mankind would _____ a nuclear war. a. retain b. endure c. maintain d. survive
20. This is _____ the first time he has visited the museum, for he knows it quite well.
a. for the sake of b. by no means c. as a matter of fact d. on the whole
翻译练习 Passage 1:
Weddings in the Unites States vary as much as the people do. There are church weddings with a great deal of fanfare (夸耀、鼓吹); there are weddings on mountain-tops with guests barefooted; and there have been weddings on he ocean floor with oxygen tanks for the guests. (1) But many weddings, no matter where or how they are performed, include certain traditional customs. Before a couple is married, they become engaged. And then invitations are sent to those who live nearby, their close friends and their relatives who live far away. When everything is ready, then comes the most exciting moment. The wedding itself usually lasts between 20 and 40 minutes. (2) The wedding party enters the church while the wedding march is played. The bride carrying a bouquet enters last with her father who will “give her away”. The groom enters the church from a side door. (3) When the wedding party is gathered by the altar (圣坛), the bride and groom exchange vows. It is traditional to use the words “To have and to hold from this day forward, for better, for worse, for richer, for poorer, in sickness and in health, to love and to cherish, till death do us part”. Following the vows, the couple exchange rings. Wearing the wedding ring on the 4th finger of the left hand is an old custom.
(4) After the ceremony there is often a party, called a “reception” which gives
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the wedding guests an opportunity to congratulate the newlyweds. The car in which the couple leaves the church is decorated with balloons, streamers and shaving cream. The words “Just Married” are painted on the trunk or back window. The bride and groom run to the car under a shower of rice thrown by the wedding guests. (5) When the couple drives away from the church, friends often chase them in cars, honking (鸣喇叭) and drawing attention to them. And then the couple go on their honeymoon. Passage 2:
British mechanic Neil Walkingshaw was looking for a way a care for his newborn child when he approached his boss with a proposal in early 2000. (1) Reluctant to hire a babysitter after his wife returned to work, Walkingshaw asked if he could switch to part-time hours in order to spend half of each day at home looking after his son. His employer refused, saying the paperwork would be “too messy” and that it would be difficult to get anyone to share Walkingshaw‟s job. (2) Knowing that the company he worked for had granted similar requests to female employees, Walkingshaw sued on the grounds of sex discrimination. On November 20th, 2001, an industrial tribunal (法庭) ruled that Walkingshaw had been discriminated against and awarded him 3,600 pounds. (3) The ruling is believed to be the first of its kind, and demonstrates just how much views on parental roles have changed over the years. As little as 30 years ago, few people questioned the gender roles that had prevailed for centuries. (4) The conventional (传统的) wisdom was that a woman‟s place was in the home and that a man‟s main responsibility to his family was to put food on the table. In the 1970s and 1980s, however, greater numbers of working women meant that men were no longer the sole breadwinner. A father‟s emotional involvement with his family also became more important. (5) 40 years ago, almost no husbands were present in the delivery (接生) room when their wives gave birth. Today, it is generally expected for male partners to attend childbirth classes, be there for the delivery, and to take more responsibility for child rearing than their fathers or grandfathers did. Passage 3:
When the Romantic Movement was still in its first fervor (炽热), it was a common matter of debate whether people should marry for love or for money. The young people concerned usually favored love, and their parents usually favored money. (1) In the novels of that period the dilemma was rightly solved
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by the discovery, on the last page, that the apparently penniless heroine was really a great heiress (女继承人). But it wasn‟t the case in real life. Most parents, while admitting that their daughters should marry for love, took care that all the young men they met should be rich.
In these days of psychology the matter no longer looks so simple as it did before. (2) We realize now that money may be the cause, or part of the cause, of quite genuine love; of this there are notable examples in history. Benjamin Disraeli, who became Lord Beaconsfield, was, in his youth, poor and struggling and passionately ambitious. He married a rich widow, much older than himself, and considered by the world to be rather silly. Owing to her, he was able make his career a success. (3) A cynical (愤世嫉俗的) world naturally assumed that he loved her money better than he loved her, but in this the world was mistaken; throughout the whole of their married life, he was deeply and genuinely devoted to her. The gratitude he owed to her easily developed into a sincere affection. (4) A great deal of affection is based upon the fact that its object is a help in realizing the goals of the person who feels it. Men in whom ambition is the leading passion are likely to love women who assist them in their career, and it would be very shallow psychology to suppose that the love is not real because it has its instinctive root in self-interest.
(5) Unlike the above example where the man was poor and the woman rich, in a world dominated by men the opposite is the commoner case. The psychology, however, is much the same. If a very rich man asks a very poor girl to marry him, she is likely, especially if she has social ambitions, to feel a kind of gratitude which will lead her to fall in love with him, provided he isn‟t too repulsive (令人恶心的); at any rate, he will need a smaller degree of personal attractiveness than a poor man would need. Wealth can often purchase not only the semblance (外观、外表) of love but its reality. This is unjust and undesirable but nonetheless a fact. Passage 4:
(1) We generally view the family as being one of our most stable institutions; yet, our family system has undergone a number of changes in the past. 200 years ago, marriages were often arranged by parents, with economic considerations being the most important determinant (决定因素) of who married whom. (2) 200 years ago, divorce was rare; now, more than one out of three marriages are in divorce. 200 years ago, women didn‟t work out of the home, and children were the economic asset; now nearly 50% of married women work outside the home, and children are a financial liability (有妨碍的
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人).
(3) In our fast-paced society, the family is now changing even more rapidly than it did in the past. In viewing the future of American family, some authorities foresee the family as racing toward extinction. (4) They say that the family is dead except for the first year or two of child raising, and this will be its only function. (5) Family optimists, on the other hands, predict the family‟s entering a Golden Age ----- an era where the members will have more leisure time to spend with each other and will get considerable enjoyment from family-type activities. Most sociologists, however, don‟t agree with either the pessimists or the optimists; instead, they argue that the family is experimenting with a number of novel types and forms, many of which will probably be discarded, but some likely to be found satisfying and functional and gradually becoming “typical”. Passage 5:
In England, Christmas is the most important of all the “Bank Holidays” in the year. (1) Two important things, apart from religious significance, help to set this holiday apart from all others: the customs of giving gifts and the habit of spending it with the family.
(2) In the present highly commercialized age we are reminded of Christmas many weeks before the event. In the shops special Christmas displays appear and outside them are the special Christmas decorations. In the shopping centers of every large town, decorations are put up in the streets. In London thousands of people flock into the center of the town to see the decorations in Oxford Street, Regent Street, Piccadily and elsewhere. The advertisements in all the newspapers remind us incessantly that there are “Only _____ more shopping days to Christmas”. The post office vans are covered with brightly colored posters exhorting (规劝) us to “Post Early for Christmas”, for hundreds of millions of Christmas cards and millions if parcels are sent every year. (3) Everywhere one turns, one is made aware that Christmas, which comes “but once a year”, is coming once again. Many people deplore (哀叹) what they consider the over-commercialization of a sacred holiday, but, underneath all the business activity, a great deal of genuine Christmas spirit is to be found. (4) The custom of giving presents to one‟ family and friends is a very pleasant one so long as one remembers that it is the spirit behind the gift which matters most and not the gift itself. And how good it is at Christmas to return to the family home and meet parents,
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grandparents and as many aunts, uncles and cousins as can be accommodated. (5) Without 20th-century means of transport, many families would be denied the Christmas reunion. Passage 6:
We find bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming (分层) pupils. (1) It doesn‟t take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. (2) After all, it can be quite unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. (3) We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning. In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the opportunity to learn to cooperate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. (4) They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.
Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach tem the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can do advanced work: it doesn‟t matter what age the child is. (5) We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal. Passage 7:
For well over 2,000 years the world‟s great religions have taught the virtues of a trusting heart. Now there is another reason to merit the wisdom of the ages: (1) scientific evidence indicates that those with trusting hearts will live linger, and healthier lives. As a result of the work published in the 1970s by 2 pioneering heart specialists, Meyer Friedman and Ray H. Roseman, nearly every American is aware that blood type A people are impatient, and easily moved to hostility and anger. (2) Many have come to believe that Type A‟s are at a much higher risk of suffering heart attack or dying of heart disease than others.
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The driving force behind hostility is a cynical (愤世嫉俗的) mistrust of others. If we expect others to mistreat us, we are seldom disappointed. This generates anger and leads us to respond with hostility.
(3) The most characteristic attitude of a cynic is being suspicious of the motives of people he doesn‟t know. Imagine you are waiting for an elevator and it stops two floors above for longer than usual. How inconsiderate (不为别人着想)! You think. In a few seconds, you have drawn hostile conclusions about unseen people and their motives.
(4) Meanwhile, your cynical mistrust is leading to noticeable physical consequences. Your voice rises. The rate and depth of your breathing increases. Your heart is beating faster and harder, and the muscles of your arms and legs become tight. You feel “charged up”, ready for action.
(5) If you frequently experience these feelings, you may be at increased risk of developing serious health problem. Anger can afford to the risk of heart and other diseases. Passage 8:
Most shoplifters agreed that the January sales offer wonderful opportunities for the hard working thief. (1) With the shops so crowded and the staff so busy, it doesn‟t require any extraordinary talent to help yourself to one or two little things and escape unnoticed. Even at the height of the sales, shoplifters today never know if they are being watched by one of those evil little balls that hang from the ceilings of so many department stores above the most desirable goods.
(2) As if that was not trouble enough for them, they can now be filmed at work and obliged to attend a showing of their performance in court. Selfridges was the first big London store to install closed-circuit videotape equipment to watch hits sales floors. (3) In October last year the store won its first court case for shoplifting using as evidence a videotape clearly showing a couple stealing dresses. It was an important test case which encouraged other stores to install similar equipment.
When the balls called “sputniks” first made an appearance in shops, it was widely believed that their only function was to frighten shoplifters. Their somewhat ridiculous appearance, the curious holes and red lights going on and off, certainly made the theory believable.
It didn‟t take long, however, for serious shoplifters to show suitable respect. (4) Soon after the equipment was in operation at Selfridges, store detective Brain Chadwick was sitting in the control room watching a woman secretly putting
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bottles of perfume into her bag. “As she turned to go,” Chadwick recalled, “she suddenly looked up at the „sputnik‟ and stopped. (5) She couldn‟t possibly have seen that the camera was trained on (对准) her because it is completely hidden, but she must have had a feeling that I was looking at her.”
“For a moment she paused, then she returned to the counter and started putting everything back. When she had finished, she opened her bag towards the camera to show it was empty and hurried out of the store.” Passage 9:
Researchers from the Union of Concerned Scientists in the US recently studied how consumer behavior affects the environment. (1) The study showed that meat consumption is one of the main ways that humans can damage the environment, second only to the use of motor vehicles. So, how can eating meat have a negative effect on the environment? For a start, all livestock animals such as cows, pigs, and sheep release methane (甲烷) gas by expelling wind from their bodies. One cow can produce up to 60 liters of methane each day. (2) Methane gas is the second most common greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide. Many environmental experts now believe that methane is more responsible for global warming than carbon dioxide. (3) It is estimated that 25% of all methane released into the atmosphere comes from farm animals. Another way in which meat production affects the environment is through the use of water and land. (4) 2500 gallons of water are needed to produce one pound of beef, whereas 20 gallons of water are needed to produce one pound of wheat. One acre of farmland used for raising livestock can produce 250 pounds of beef. One acre of farmland used for crop production can produce 40,000 pounds of potatoes, 30,000 pounds of carrots, or 50,000 pounds of tomatoes.
(5) Many people now see the benefits of switching to a vegetarian diet, not just for health reasons, but also because it plays a vital role in protecting the environment. However, some nutritionists advise against switching to a totally strict vegetarian diet. They believe a vegetarian diet, which excludes all products from animal sources, such as cheese, eggs, and milk, can be deficient in many of the necessary vitamins and minerals our bodies need. Passage 10:
In most developing countries that were formerly British colonies the English language, even long after political independence, has been retained as the
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official language of government and the medium of instruction in secondary schools and institutions of higher education. (1) At the same time there is constant discussion as to the merits and demerits (过失) of obliging people to use a language not their own for conduction the most serious affairs in their lives. The problems of having to use English as the medium of instruction are obvious. (2) Many students have an inadequate grasp of the language because of the shortage of good teachers of English in the early stages of learning. Even for someone with a good command of English, the reading process is inevitably slower in a second language and the business of writing infinitely more complicated. (3) In every way the study of complex subject-matter is made still more demanding when the language itself requires special attention. Moreover, many students deeply resent having to use the language of their former “colonial masters” and this hostile attitude impedes (妨碍) their capacity to learn and improve their skills.
(4) The practical problems of students, however, are not the only disadvantages of studying through the medium of a second language. There are other less obvious but, in the long run, possibly more harmful results for the whole community. If all the serious business of life is conducted in another language, the first language tends to be used for trivial purposes only. Instead of growing and adapting itself like a living language to the needs of a society in the process of dynamic eventually die out altogether. (5) At present few books are published in native languages, but unless a deliberate effort is made to produce more materials for educational purposes, it will finally be impossible ever to replace English as the medium of instruction and therefore also of business and government.
1. 我昨晚不该那么晚睡觉。
2. 使我如释重负的是，他一点都没和我争论。 3. 他现在否认曾跟那个女的说过话。
4. 我们尚未决定去哪儿，更别提订票了。 5. 他得出了他们不赞成这个计划的结论。 6. 谁想去就跟我来。
7. 那首歌总是让她回想起她在芝加哥度过的那个夜晚。 8. 由于恶劣的天气，今天所有去纽约的航班都推迟了。 9. 到足球比赛结束时，暴风雨已经停了。 10. 10．所需的烹煮时间取决于土豆的大小。
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11. 我建议他先等一会儿，然后再作决定。 12. 我们想知道他不接受这份工作的原因。 13. 她视婚姻为严肃的事情。
14. 约翰对工作的态度在他晋升之后改善了。
15. 吸烟者很清楚地意识到对他们自己身体的危险。 16. 我从他那儿得到的反应与我预期的完全相反。 17. 没有东西能够弥补失去这样的好机会。 18. 据我所知，她不来了，但我可能弄错。 19. 没有电脑能够模仿人脑的复杂功能。
20. 大体上说，父母亲关心孩子们的健康胜过自己的。 21. 我在回家的路上被雨淋了。结果，我得了重感冒。 22. 她的努力工作使她得到了一大笔钱。
23. 我把大部分的时间花在研究中美文化的差异上了。 24. 除非你有经验，否则你得不到这份工作。
25. 知道在异国他乡应该做什么对旅游者来说是很重要的。 26. 安排一个正式的婚礼至少要花六个月时间。 27. 我们相爱是因为有共同的兴趣。
28. 我的伦敦之行到后来并不像所计划的那样。 29. 那小女孩直到父母亲回来才上床。
30. 考虑到你吃的量，你体重增加了一点也不奇怪。 31. 母亲们经常是为家人提供感情上支持的人。 32. 他的英语老师非常重视书面的作业和语法。 33. 她故意不理我的问题，并转换了话题。
34. 我的老板现在正忙于开会，但一小时后就有空了。
35. 在正常的情况下，我是不会接受那份工作的，但那时我没有什么钱。 36. 那封信反映了你的感觉了吗？
37. 很难预测这个事故的长期后果会是什么。 38. 我嫉妒她能和她从未谋过面的人谈话的能力。 39. 公司以友好的、高效的服务著称。 40. 我敲了门，但是没有反应。
41. 他尽管病得很重，但还是来参加会议了。 42. 她从弹钢琴中获得很多乐趣。
43. 无论他工作如何努力，他似乎永远无法把工作做得令人满意。 44. 城市生活的压力迫使他移到了农村。 45. 他逐渐地意识到了她没有说实话。 46. 她瞪着我，好象不认识我似的。 47. 他想转些钱到他女儿的帐户上。
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48. 我回想起了他们一起跳舞的样子。 49. 母亲向我们保证一切都会好的。 50. 他们的意见不会影响我的决定。
51. 因为不愿意接受失败的事实，他们决心重新开始。 52. 我无法控制自己，我不是存心要伤害汤姆的。 53. 因特网不仅能够提供给我们大量的信息，而且还能够节省时间和金钱。 54. 我渴望有机会参加2008年北京奥运会志愿者活动。 55. 不管要花多少时间，我也要完成这项任务。
56. 我们此项研究的目的是找出治疗肺癌的更好方法。 57. 我荣幸地将这位意大利著名的歌唱家介绍给大家。 58. 朋友之间互相尊重非常重要。
59. 学生们上课迟到，教授对此已习以为常了。
60. 你能否被提升为部门经理，取决于你的能力而非年龄。 61. 格林先生已不是四年前在大学里的那个人了。 62. 不管你力气多大，也休想搬动那块石头。
63. 在这么短的时间里要我完成这么多任务是不可能的。 64. 到年底我会把所有的书都看完的。 65. 我没料到事情的结果竟是这样。
66. 我在电梯里遇见的那个人正是我要找的人。
67. 许多评论家谴责电视网络没有给孩子们富有想象力的节目。 68. 戒烟何时都不算晚。
69. 他们强烈要求图书馆节假日仍开放。 70. 如果可能的话，请用手机给我发短信。
71. 对他这样一个名人、有钱人来说，他的个人生活令人惊讶地简单平常。 72. 如果你不介意的话，今晚我不和你们一起去晚会了——我太累了。 73. 夏天起床没有冬天那么难。
74. 他们下了正式通知，他们将改变公园的布置。
75. 一个男子在街上拦住我，问我知不知道剧院在哪里。 76. 为了使科学有别于其他学科，科学也被称作自然科学。 77. 一些学者宣称科学实际上只不过是一种方法。 78. 工商业是最大的电力用户。 79. 我要去理发店理发。
80. 计算机接管了一些曾经由人类完成的任务。 81. 飞机的速度比火车的速度快得多。
82. 我们现在所用的设备是20年前制造的。 83. 去参观这个工厂是个好主意。
84. 我听说他写了一本关于儿童教育的书。
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85. 实验室是学生做实验的地方。 86. 他能否参加比赛还是一个问题。
87. 电视使我们可以看见其他地方发生的事情。 88. 从杭州乘火车去北京要27个小时。 89. 乘船去旅行要比乘火车便宜。
90. 他刚离开学校，雨就开始下起来了。 91. 电直到上个世纪才开始广泛使用。 92. 我坚持他再检查一遍机器。
93. 杭州是我访问过的最美丽的城市之一。 94. 很清楚，引进新技术有助于提高生产。 95. 今年我们建造的房子同去年一样多。 96. 这座桥梁完成得比我们预料的快。 97. 在哪里建造电站还没有决定。
98. 我向他解释这事故是怎样发生的。 99. 我不同意他在会上提出的计划。
100. 不论机器多么复杂，它是由简单的零件组成的。 101. 修理这辆自行车要多少钱？
102. 我们首先应当做的是仔细调查这个案件。
103. 如果他摒弃了他的那些不切实际的想法，他本来会成功的。 104. 无线电可以使我们同海上的船舶保持联系。 105. 如上所述，所有物质都是由原子组成的。
106. 在控制空气污染中我们遇到很多没有预料到的困难。 107. 当我到达车站时，火车已经离开了。
108. 这个问题很复杂，以致我们不能很快解决它。 109. 他想成为物理学家，献身于科学事业。 110. 他没有通知我手术将于明天进行。
111. 他发现这项工作没有他想象的那样简单。 112. 我们需要的只是水和食物。
113. 我们应当提高他们解决解决问题的能力。 114. 每次我访问杭州时，杭州都有很大的变化。 115. 不论你去哪里，你都会看见新的房屋在建造。 116. 除非是提供更多的设备，我们不能按期完成计划。 117. 他已明白表示他不愿承担这项工作。 118. 尽管生病，他仍继续处理各种问题。
119. 直到进入大学之后，他才对英语发生兴趣。 120. 请原谅没有征得你的许可就用了你的电话。 121. 他被认为是最适合于这项工作的人。
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122. 面对夏季可能的缺水情况，要求市民限制用水。 123. 他将同我们说说他去美国的见闻。 124. 公司引进新技术的建议被接受了。 125. 请你们按照老师讲的那样做实验。 126. 我花了两个小时修理这台机器。
127. 家长应对孩子每天看多久电视规定一个限度。 128. 这个问题同刚才所讨论的问题截然不同。
129. 学生们认为不能在一周之内完成那么多的作业。
130. 处理这个问题，我们应当把一切可能的因素都考虑到。
词汇练习答案：
Test 1: bbcac abacd bcbba daacc Test 2: acdba daccd baada abdca Test 3: babda badab cddbb dcada Test 4: dcbcc cacac caaaa dccdb Test 5: cbabb cdaba cdcbd cbaad Test 6: baacb adacc abdda cdacb Test 7: abcad cdbab dbcdb dcaac Test 8: caabc cacdd bdcca cdcdb 汉译英答案：
1. I shouldn‟t have gone to bed so late last night. 2. To my relief, he didn‟t argue with me at all.
3. He now denied ever having spoken to that woman.
4. We haven‟t decided where we‟re going yet, let alone booked the ticket. 5. He concluded that they were not in favor of the plan. 6. Whoever wants to go should come with me.
7. That song always reminded her of the night she had spent in Chicago. 8. Because of the bad weather, all the flights to New York today are delayed. 9. By the time the football match ended/was over, the storm had stopped. 10. The cooking time needed depends on the size of the potato.
11. I suggested that he wait for a while first before he made the decision. 12. We wanted to know the reason why he didn‟t accept the job. 13. She viewed/regarded marriage as a serious matter.
14. John‟s attitude towards/to his job improved when he was promoted. 15. Smokers are well aware of the dangers to their own health.
16. I got a totally different response from him than what I expected. OR: The response I got from his is totally different from what I expected. 17. Nothing can make up for missing such a wonderful opportunity. 18. As far as I know, she‟s not coming. But I may be wrong.
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19. No computer can imitate the complicated function of the human brain. 20. In general, parents care more about their children‟s health than their own. 21. I was caught in the rain on my way home. As a result, I had/caught/got a bad cold.
22. Her hard work resulted in her getting a big sum of money. OR: Her hard work enabled her to get a large sum of money.
23. I spent most of my time studying the cultural differences between China and America.
24. Unless you have experience, you can‟t get the job.
25. Knowing what to do in a foreign country is very important to a traveler. 26. It takes at least 6 months to plan a formal wedding.
27. We fell in love because we had interests in common/the same interests. 28. My trip to London didn‟t turn out as planned.
29. That little girl didn‟t go to bed until her parents came home.
30. It‟s not surprising that you are putting on weight, considering how much you are eating.
31. Mothers are often the ones who provide emotional support for the family. 32. His English teacher puts/places great emphasis on written work and grammar.
33. She deliberately ignored my question and changed the topic.
34. My boss is engaged in a meeting now, but she‟ll be free in an hour.
35. In normal circumstances, I wouldn‟t have accepted that job, but at that time I had very little money.
36. Does that letter reflect how you feel?
37. It is difficult to predict what the long-term effects of the accident will be. 38. I envy her ability to start conversations with people she‟s never met before. 39. The company is well-known for its friendly, efficient service. 40. I knocked at the door, but there was no response.
41. Despite his serious illness, he came to attend the meeting. 42. She derives great pleasure from playing the piano.
43. No matter how hard he tries, he never seems to be able to do the work satisfactorily.
44. The pressure of city life forced him to move to the countryside. 45. He gradually realized that she was not telling the truth. 46. She sated at me, as if she didn‟t know me.
47. He wants to transfer some money to his daughter‟s account. 48. I recalled the way they had been dancing together.
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49. Mother assured us that everything would be all right. 50. Their opinion won‟t affect my decision.
51. Unwilling to accept defeat, they were determined to start over. 52. I couldn‟t help myself; I didn‟t mean to hurt Tom.
53. The Internet can not only provide a large amount of information but also save us money and time.
54. I long for an opportunity to participate in the volunteer activities for the 2008 Beijing Olympics.
55. No matter how much time it takes, I will accomplish this task.
56. The purpose of our research is to find a better way to treat the lung cancer. 57. I have the honor to introduce this famous Italian singer to you. 58. It is of vital importance that friends respect each other.
59. The professor is quite used to students‟ being late for his lecture.
60. Whether you will be promoted as the department manager depends on your ability rather than your age.
61. Mr. Green is not the same person as he was four years ago in college. 62. You won‟t move that stone, however strong you are.
63. It is impossible for me to finish so many tasks in such a short time. 64. By the end of this year, I will have read all of the books. 65. I had not expected that things should turn out like this.
66. The person I met on the elevator was none other than the one I wanted to find.
67. Many critics have condemned television networks for not having many imaginative programs for children.
68. It is never too late to stop (give up) smoking.
69. They urged that the library (should) be kept open during the holidays. 70. If possible, please send me short messages from mobile phone.
71. For such a famous, wealthy man, his personal life was surprisingly simple and ordinary.
72. If you don‟t mind, I won‟t be joining you at the party tonight—I‟m so tired.
73. Getting out of bed in summer is less difficult than in winter.
74. They gave formal notice that they were changing the park arrangement. 75. A man stopped me in the street and asked if I knew where the theatre was. 76. Science is also called natural science to distinguish it from other branches of learning.
77. Some scholars claimed that science is actually only a method.
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78. Industry and commerce are the largest users of electrical energy. 79. I‟m going to the barber‟s to have my hair cut.
80. Computers have taken over some of the tasks used to be done by man. 81. The speed of a plane is much faster than that of a train.
82. The equipment that we are using now was made 20 years ago. 83. It is a good idea to visit this factory.
84. I heard that he had written a book on children‟s education. 85. The laboratory is a place where students do experiments. 86. It remains a problem whether he can take part in the match.
87. TV makes it possible for us to see the events happening in other places. 88. It takes 27 hours to travel from Hangzhou to Beijing by train. 89. It is cheaper to travel by boat than by train.
90. Hardly had he left the school when it began to rain.
91. Electricity did not come into wide use until the last century. 92. I insist that he (should) check the machine once again.
93. Hangzhou is one of the most beautiful cities that I have ever visited.
94. It is clear that the introduction of new technology contributes to the increase in production.
95. We have built as many houses this year as we did Last year. 96. The bridge was completed more quickly than we had expected. 97. It has not been decided where to build the power station. 98. I explained to him how the accident had taken place.
99. I did not agree to the plan that he had presented at the meeting.
100. No matter how complicated a machine may be, it is made up of sim-ple parts.
101. How much does it cost to repair the bicycle?
102. What we should do first is (to) investigate the case carefully.
103. If he had got rid of his impracticable ideas, he would have succeeded. 104. Radio makes it possible for us to keep in contact with ships at sea. 105. As is said above, all matter consists of atoms.
106. In the control of air pollution we met with a lot of difficulties which we had not expected.
107. When I reached the railway station, the train had already left. 108. This problem is so complicated that we could not solve it quickly. 109. He wants to become a physicist, devoting himself to the cause of sci-ence.
110. He has not informed me that the operation will be performed tomor-
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row.
111. He found that the job was not so simple as he had thought. 112. All we need is water and food.
113. We should develop their ability to solve problems.
114. Each time I visit Hangzhou, there are great changes in it. 115. Wherever you go, you will see new houses being built.
116. Unless more equipment is provided for us, we are not able to finish the plan on schedule.
117. He made it clear that he would not take over the job.
118. In spite of being ill, he continued to deal with various problems.
119. It was not until he entered the university that he became interested in English.
120. Excuse me for using your telephone without asking for your permission.
121. He is thought of as the most suitable person for the job.
122. Faced with the possible shortage of water in the summer, the citizens are asked to limit their use of water.
123. He will talk to us about what he saw in the Untied States.
124. The suggestion that the company (should) introduce new technology has been accepted.
125. Please, do the experiment as the teacher has instructed.
126. I spent two hours repairing the bicycle. or It took me two hours to repair the bicycle.
127. Parents should set a limit to how long children may watch TV every day.
128. This problem is quite different from the one that we have just dis-cussed.
129. The students think it impossible to finish so much homework within a week.
130. Dealing with this problem, we should take into account every possible factor.
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