【2015高考复习】阅读理解
Public bookshelves are appearing across Germany on street corners，city squares and in suburban supermarkets.In these freeforall libraries，people can grab whatever they want to read，and leave behind anything they want for others.There’s no need to register，no due date，and you can take or give as many as you want.“This project is aimed at everyone who likes to read.It is open for everybody，” Michael Aubermann，one of the organizers of the free book exchange said.
The western city’s latest public shelf was put up next to Bayenturm.It is the fourth free shelf that Aubermann’s group，the Cologne Citizen’s Foundation，has placed outside.“We set up our other outdoor shelves last year and it’s been working really well，” said Aubermann.The public bookshelves，which are usually financed by donations and cared for by local volunteer groups，have appeared independently of each other in many cities，suburbs and villages.Each shelf holds around 200 books and it takes about six weeks for a complete turnover，with all the old titles replaced by new ones.
Even commercial book stores and online book sellers seem to support the idea of free book exchanges.“We see this project rather as a sales promotion than as
competition，” said Elmar Muether.“If books are present everywhere，it helps our business，too.”
So far，the Cologne book group has had few problems with damage or other
problems.Aubermann said，“Propaganda (宣传) is the only kind of literature we do not allow here.”
At another bookshelf in the Bayenthal neighborhood，the lower shelves are reserved for children’s literature only.“It is important that we make it easy for everyone to participate in this ‘reading culture on the street’—from old readers to kids to immigrants，” Aubermann said.
While most of the shelves have so far been put up in upscale_neighborhoods，Aubermann and the 20 volunteers who help look after the project are planning to put up future shelves in poor neighborhoods，where citizens often don’t have as much access to literature.
【语篇解读】 在德国的城市街角、广场和郊区超市，一排排公共书架出现在人们的视野中。你可以随意取阅或捐赠图书。这项免费换书活动得到了人们的支持。
1．Which of the following is TRUE about the public bookshelves? A．People can take the books and leave their books at will. B．People can’t borrow books unless they donate books. C．People can borrow whatever they like after registering. D．People have to return the books according to the required time.
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“people can grab whatever they want to read，and leave behind anything they want for others.There’s no need to register，no due date，and you can take or give as many as you want.”可知，人们可以随意取阅或捐赠图书，不需要登记，也没有规定的还书时间。 答案 A
2．According to Aubermann，the public bookshelves________. A．are financed by local volunteers B．have been going well since their birth C．were managed by the local government
D．will hold more books and take a shorter turnover
解析 细节理解题。由第二段中的“We set up our other outdoor shelves last year and it’s been working really well”可知，公共书架自诞生以来运行良好。根据第二段第四句话可知A项错误，C、D两项文中没有信息支持。 答案 B
3．The underlined phrase “upscale neighborhoods” refers to________. A．communities that have many people B．communities that have many tall buildings C．communities that are free to live in D．communities that are of high grade
解析 词义猜测题。根据后面的“poor neighborhoods”的对比可知，upscale neighborhoods指的是高档社区。 答案 D
4．Which might be the best title for the passage? A．Public Reading Becomes Popular Worldwide B．New Trends of Bookshelves in Germany C．Public Bookshelves Spread Across Germany D．Reading Culture on the Street in Europe
解析 标题概括题。综合本文内容可知，C项“公共书架遍布德国”最适合作为本文的标题。 答案 C。
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
Will Nanfang University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen announce a new beginning for China’s higher education reform? It’s too early to answer.But its presence is challenging the Ministry of Education.Even without the approval of the ministry it seems that the school is determined to move forward and enroll 50 students, so-called child prodigies(奇才), to begin classes on March l, 2011.On graduating in 2015, these students will receive a diploma unauthorized by the Ministry of Education-unlike the students of their age from the state-run universities.
The school is committed to modeling itself on Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, but if the government will not approve the school, the situation could cause a lot of trouble for those 50 students if they want to do graduate studies at other higher learning institutions.Other schools could turn their applications down for their unauthorized diplomas.
The difficulties, however, have not frightened students and their parents away.On Dec.18, 2010 more than 1,000 students and their parents visited Nanfang University of Science and Technology for interviews.
Private investment marks the school out from other higher learning institutions in the nation.Not a penny comes from the government. So the government will have no voice in how the school will be run.
The Ministry of Education has published a comprehensive plan for education reform and development between 2011 and 2020.The goal is to make China’s higher education internationally competitive.To accomplish this goal, the government should have the courage to let the educators who have big ideas try them out.The ministry should have applauded the independence the school in Shenzhen has shown and encouraged more to do likewise.
Education reform in China has reached a new and crucial stage.Nanfang University of Science and Technology has a long way to go to prove itself competitive rather than a diploma mill.
1．Over 1,000 students and parents visited the school because .
A．they believe that the school will have a bright future B．they believe the government is sure to approve the school C．the school models itself on Hong Kong University successfully
D．they will never do graduate studies at other higher learning institutions
2．The trouble the students in the school may have is that .
A．the government will have no voice in the school
B．they won’t receive any diploma when graduating from the school C．other schools are unlikely to accept their diploma from the school D．they will not learn how to be competitive
3．What does the author think of Nanfang University of Science and Technology?
A．It is another kind of diploma mill.
B．It’s impossible for the school to be competitive.
C．It will never get the approval from the Ministry of Education. D．Its independence from the government may benefit the education reform.
4．What is the best title of the passage?
A．University of New Style. B．China’s Education Reform. C．Modeling Hong Kong University. D．Authorized or Not?
【参考答案】1—4 ACDA
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 【安徽省蚌埠市三县联谊校2014高考二模】A
For almost two months Dominic York, a 23-year-old hairdresser, wandered about hospitals all night, wearing a white coat and pretending he was a doctor. Yesterday he proudly claimed in court that despite his complete lack of medical experience or qualifications, he had saved several people’s lives. He had even been allowed to assist a surgeon during an emergency operation on a patient who was about to die on something she had swallowed.
“I watched one of those TV dramas about a hospital and suddenly I felt like playing
one of the roles myself. So I put on a white jacket and a stethoscope(听诊器)and walked around one of the biggest hospital in London. At first I just watched. Once you learn how doctors talk to patients, nurses and others doctors, it’s easy to take people in,” he said.
One of the patients he treated was Laura Kennan. She had been knocked down by a car and fainted. When she came to the hospital, York was standing over her.
“He looked very professional. He told me his name was Doctor Simon. Then he gave me some sort of injection,” she said. And then he suddenly cleared off when a nurse asked who he was. She didn’t think there was anything wrong. “I would never have realized he was a fake if a policewoman hadn’t showed me his photograph a week later. When the policewoman told me who he really was, I could hardly believe my ears.” Judge Raymond Adams told York that he was“ shocked and horrified” that he got away with his deceiving for so long, and then sentenced him to eighteen months in a special prison for criminal with mental disorders.
“I can only hope that this will not lead to further problems. After all, you will have considerable opportunity to study the behaviour of the psychiatrists(精神科医生)who will look after you while you are there. If you try to persuade people that you yourself are a psychiatrist after you are set free, I shall make sure that you are given a much longer sentence.” Judge Adams warned York. 56. York was proud of the fact that ___________. A. people thought he could become a real doctor B. a surgeon let him watch an operation. C. he had cheated doctors for so long D. he could perform some duties of a doctor
57. York learned how to behave like a doctor by __________.
A. observing doctors while he was a patient B. watching other doctors work. C. getting some training and experience. D.talking to doctors and nurses
【参考答案】56—59、DBCB
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
When you’re an employee of a company, no matter the size, it’s common to see co-workers promoted, or transferred to a different department. But there is another way to move around—by creating a new position for yourself. I did this several years ago, though I wasn’t actively looking for a different job.
In 2007, I was hired at the Transamerica Life Insurance Company, as a customer service representative in the distributions services department. I processed requests for distributions from our annuity(养老金)policy holders around the country. Someone might have forgotten to sign a form, for example, or might have omitted security information. To solve the problem, I’d mail the person a letter.
The company had been through several combinations, so in our department alone we had a collection of about 140 templates(模板) for letters related to distributions. The longer I worked with the letters, the more I saw how they could be improved. Some had overlapping information and could be combined. Some had incorrect grammar or needed updating. I also noticed that industry terminology(专业术语) wasn’t standard across all the versions.
When I told my department supervisor about this in 2008, she agreed that the letters needed revamping. She said I should stop what I’d been doing and start the new work. In a relatively short time, I was able to make numerous improvements and reduce the
number of letters to 70. It was an informal job change until a managers’ meeting several months later.
At that meeting, a vice president who was unaware of my new work mentioned that the division’s entire stock of 1,700 letters should be reviewed. My manager told her that she knew the perfect person for the job—me. The position was still considered temporary when I took on the extra tasks, but I was able to show that the work had value, and I was officially promoted and given a raise in November 2009. 31. According to Paragraph 1, which of the following statements is true? A .The author admired those who got a promotion in his company. B. The author tried his best to get a promotion in his company C. The author was eager to seek another job.
D. It is no surprise to see people around us change their positions. 【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据it’s common to see co-workers promoted, or transferred to a different department.可知看见我们周围的人们改变工作或职位是不奇怪的。故选D。 32. Which of the following problems with the letters is NOT mentioned in the passage? A. Some information needed to be united. B. Some information was overlooked. C. Some had grammatical mistakes.
D. Industry terminology didn’t meet the standard. 【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据Some had overlapping information and could be combined. Some had incorrect grammar or needed updating. I also noticed that industry terminology(专业术语) wasn’t standard across all the versions.一些信息需要统一，一些有语法错误，一些行业术语没有达到要求，只有选项B，没有提到，故选B。
33. The underlined word “revamping” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to .
A. improving B. rebuilding C. repeating D. strengthening 【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据I was able to make numerous improvements可知这些信需要提高，故选A。
34.The author started to review the letters when . A. he was hired by the company
B. his department supervisor agreed his idea C. he was recommended at a managers’ meeting D. he was promoted 【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据When I told my department supervisor about this in 2008, she agreed that the letters needed revamping. At that meeting, a vice president who was unaware of my new work mentioned that the division’s entire stock of 1,700 letters should be reviewed.他的部门监督同意了他的观点，故选B。 35. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. Where there is will, there is a way. B. Don’t let the chance go, when it comes. C. Creating a position, and earning a promotion. D. Ways to get a promotion. 【答案】C
【解析】标题归纳题。根据短文的内容主要叙述了人们可以换一种职位而得到提升，故选C。
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。
Millions of Americans return from long-distance trips by air, but their luggage doesn’t always come home with them. Airline identification tags（标签） can come loose, and the bags go who-knows-where. And passengers leave all kinds of things on planes.
The airlines collect the items and, for 90 days, attempt to find their owners. They don’t keep them, since they’re not in the warehouse business. And by law, they cannot sell the bags, because the airlines might be tempted to deliberately misplace
luggage.
So once insurance companies have paid for lost bags and their contents, and they no longer belong to passengers, a unique store in the little town of Scottsboro, Alabama, buys them. The “Unclaimed Baggage Center,” is so popular that the building, which is set up like a department store, is the number-one tourist attraction in all of Alabama. More than one million visitors stop in each year and take one of the store’s shopping carts on a hunt for treasures.
Each day, clerks bring out 7,000 new items, and veteran（老练的）shoppers rush to paw over them. You can find everything from precious jewels to hockey sticks, best-selling novels, leather jackets, tape recorders, surfboards, even half -used tubes of toothpaste.
The store’s own laundry washes or cleans all the clothes found in luggage, then sells them. The Unclaimed Baggage Center has found guns, illegal drugs and even a live rattlesnake.
The store has a little museum where some of its most unusual acquisitions（获得物） have been preserved. They include highland bagpipes, a burial mask from an Egyptian pharaoh's tomb, and a medieval suit of armor.
Statistics indicate that less than one-half of one percent of luggage checked on U.S. carriers is permanently lost and available to the store.
26. Paragraph1 shows that many passengers lose their luggage because______. A. they are forgetful B. they are in a hurry
C. there is no lost and found office in many airports D. the owners of some luggage can’t be identified 【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据Airline identification tags（标签） can come loose, and the bags go who-knows-where.由于包上的标签掉了所以无法识别行李的主人，故选D。 27. The reason why the airlines cannot sell the bags is that ______. A. they have to find the owners
B. they are likely to make a profit on the bags on purpose C. some bags are expensive
D. they have to keep the bags as long as possible 【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据by law, they cannot sell the bags, because the airlines might be tempted to deliberately misplace luggage.他们有可能故意从行李上获利，故选B。 28. The Unclaimed Baggage Center is very popular because______. A. there's a large variety of goods. B. all the things there are very cheap. C. visitors may purchase something undervalued. D. Visitors will enjoy some amusing activities there. 【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据More than one million visitors stop in each year and take one of the store’s shopping carts on a hunt for treasures. veteran（老练的）shoppers rush to paw over them. You can find everything from precious jewels to hockey sticks…人们可以买到一些便宜的东西，故选C。 29. What can we infer from the passage?
A. A little museum will keep all the precious unclaimed baggage.
B. The percentage of passengers who lose their baggage for ever is small. C. The things in the Unclaimed Baggage Center are articles for daily use. D. People are not allowed to buy the illegal things in the store. 【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据Statistics indicate that less than one-half of one percent of luggage checked on U.S. carriers is permanently lost and available to the store.乘客永远的丢掉东西的人数是少的，故选B。 30. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To introduce how the unclaimed baggage in the airports is handled in America. B. To introduce an attractive place to tourists. C. To remind passengers of taking care of their baggage.
D. To advise the airlines to find the owners of the unclaimed baggage.
【答案】A
【解析】写作意图题。纵观全文可知主要介绍在机场无人认领的行李在美国是如何处理的。
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