科学发展的理念，是在总结中国现代化建设经验，顺应时代潮流的基础上提出来的，也是在继承中华民族优秀文化传统的基础上提出来的。
The concept of scientific development is base on the experience China has gain in its modernization drive and put forth in respond to the trend of the times. It is also rooted in the cultural heritage of Chinese nation.
中华文明是世界古代文明中始终没有中断，连续5000多年发展至今的文明。中华民族在漫长历史发展中形成的独具特色的文化传统，深深影响了古代中国，也深深影响了当代中国
The Chinese civilization is one that continued uninterrupted for more than 5000 years. The distinct cultural tradition of the Chinese nation that developed in long course of history
has exerted a strong influence on contemporary China, just as it on ancient china.
现时代中国强调以人为本，与时俱进，社会和谐，和平发展，既有着中华文明的深厚根基，又体现了时代发展的进步精神
Putting people first,keeping pace with times, maintaining social harmony and pursuit peaceful development these values that are being pursued in China nowadays are derived from its tradition. But they also give expression to the progress of the times.
长期以来，中美两国人民一直互相抱有浓厚的兴趣和有好的感情，中国任命欣赏美国人民的开拓进取的精神，钦佩美国人民在建设国家中取得的骄人的业绩
The Chinese and American people have always had an intense interest in and care deeply about each other. The Chinese admire the pioneering and enterprising spirit of the American and their proud achievement in national development
随着中国快速发展和中美合作不断扩展，越来越多的美国人把目光投向中国，更加关注中国的进步发展
As China develops rapidly and steady headway is made in China-U.S
cooperation, more and more American are following with great interest China’s progress and development.
了解是信任的基础，今天，我愿从中华文明历史流变和现实发展的角度，谈谈中国的发展战略和前进方向。希望有助
于帮助美国人民更加全面，深刻的了解中国。
Understanding leads to trust. Today, I’d like talk about China’s development strategy and it’s future against the backdrop of the evolution of the Chinese civilization and China’s
current development endeavor. I hope it will help you gain a better understanding of China.
200多年来，浩瀚的太平洋并未阻断中美两国人民的交流合作，中美两国人民互相学习，互相帮助，谱写了世界不同文明相互借鉴的美好篇章。
Vast as it is, the Pacific Ocean has not stood in the way of exchange and cooperation of Chinese and American people in past 200years. Many moving episodes of mutual learning, mutual helping between our two people who
represent different civilization have been recorded.
自1979年中美建交27年，两国关系，曾经历经曲折，但总体上保持了稳定发展的大方向，给两国和两国人民带来了巨大利益。
In 27years since the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1979, China-U.S relation have maintain steady
momentum of growth despite twist and turns on the way, bringing tremendous benefits to both countries and people.
中华文明历来注重以民为本，尊重人的尊严和价值。早在千百年前，中国人就提出了民惟邦本，本固邦宁。天地之间，莫贵于人。强调要利民，裕民，养民，
惠民。今天，我们坚持以人为本，就是要坚持发展为了人民，发展依靠人民，发展成果由人民共享，关注人的价值，权益和自由，关注人的生活质量，发展潜能和幸福指数。最终是为了实现人的全面发展，保障人民的生存权利和发展权利仍是中国的首要任务，我们将大力推动经济和社会发展，依法保证人民享有自由，民主和人权。实现社会公平和正义，是13亿中国人民过上幸福生活。
Chinese civilization always gives
prominence to the people, and respect people’s dignity and value. Thousand years ago, Chinese already pointed out that people is the foundation of the country, when the foundation is stable the country is in peace. Nothing is
more valuable in universe than people. The ancient Chinese emphasize the value of serving the people, enriching the people, nourishing them and benefitting them. Today we are
pursuing people-oriented approach toward development because we thing development must be for the people, by the people and its benefit should be shared among the people. We care about people’s value; rights, interests and freedom care about their
development potential and happiness index because our goal is to realize the all-round development of the peole. Ensuing the right to survival and development remains China’s top priority.
中华文明历来注重自强不息，不断革故鼎新，“天行健，君子以自强不息”，这时中国一句千年传世格言。中华民族所以能在5000多年的历史进程中生生不息，发展壮大，历经挫折而不屈。履遭坎坷不妥，靠的就是这样一种奋发图强，坚韧不拔，与时俱进的精神，在建设国家中焕发出来的创造热情，在克服前进道路上的各种困难中表现出来的顽强毅
力，正式折中自强不息精神的生动写照。The Chinese civilization has always given preeminence to unremitting self-improvement, reform, innovation. As an ancient Chinese motto puts it “ As heaven keeps vigor through movement, gentlemen should unremittingly
practice self-improvement. Throughout its 5000 years history, it is thanks to their perseverance, determination, stamina and innovation that Chinese nation has grown after surviving
numerous setbacks and adversity. The Chinese people have shown
enterprising spirit and reform and opening up creativity in national development and great tenacity in overcoming difficulties on the road to progress. And all this gives expression to the spirit of unremittingly self-improvement embodied in China’s cultural tradition.
3台湾问题
我们感谢新加坡政府坚持一个中国原则和坚持反对台独的立场
We really appreciate that Singapore government adhere to the stand of “one China principle” and strongly against Taiwan independence
我们会全力争取实现祖国和平统一，同时我们绝不允许任何人以任何借口，任何形式把我们祖国的一部分台湾从我们伟大的祖国分割出去。这是不可能允许的。
We will do our utmost to realize our peaceful reunification; meanwhile we will by no means allow anyone, at any excuse to separate Taiwan ,which is one part of China from our great nation.
人大制定的反对国家分裂法，是防止和抑制台独分裂势力采取冒险行动，破坏台海地区和平，维护大陆和台湾同属一个中国的现状不被改变，再次体现了我们要以最大的诚意，尽最大努力，争取和平统一的前景和一贯立场。 China’s CPPCC has put forward anti division laws aiming to avoid and refrain Taiwan Independence forces from taking risk activity to damage the peace of Taiwan Strait and safeguard current situation where the mainland and Taiwan are one China. This
embodies our prospect and persistent stand of sincerity to do our utmost to accomplish peaceful reunification.
这部法律也将表明全中国人民捍卫祖国主权和领土完整，绝不容忍台独势力以
任何名义任何方式把台湾从中国分割出去的共同意志。
This new law also shows the world that the people of China are determined to safeguard the integrity of sovereignty and territory and their strong will against Taiwan independence force which try to split Taiwan from China in any way at any excuse.
台湾是中国的一部分，台湾问题是中国内政，直接或间接把台湾问题纳入美日合作范畴的做法都是对中国主权的侵犯和对中国内政的干涉。中国政府和人民坚决反对。
Taiwan is one part of China and
Taiwan issue remains China’s internal affairs. Directly or indirectly attempts to take Taiwan issue to Japanese-U.S Corporation is the interference of
China’s sovereignty and internal affairs, which the government of China and Chinese people are strongly oppose to.
台湾是中国政府不可分割的一部分，1895年，日本通过侵华战争强迫清政府签订了不平等的《马关条约》，霸占了台湾。1945年，中国政府回复对台湾行主权。台湾现有人口2094万。 Taiwan is unalienable one part of China. 1985 through a war of aggression against China, Japan forced Qing government to sign the unequal Treaty of Shimonoseki, and forcibly occupied Taiwan. 1945 China government
recoveredTaiwan,resuming exercise of sovereignty over Taiwan. Taiwan now has a population of about 20.94 million people.
一个中国原则是实现和平统一的基础和前提，在一个中国原则下，什么问题都
可以谈。不能允许台湾问题的解决在无限期地拖延下去。
One China principle is the basis and prerequisite for achieving peaceful reunification. Under this premise everything can be discussed. People of the whole China cannot allow the resolution of Taiwan issue to be dragged on indefinitely.
台湾新领导人选举，不能改变台湾是中领土地一部分的事实。我们解决台湾问题的原则是“和平统一祖国和一国两制”，台湾当局必须抛开两国论
The new election of a new leader in Taiwan can’t change the fact that
Taiwan is one part of China’s territory. Our guideline for solving Taiwan issue is peaceful reunification and one
country two systems. The Taiwanese
authority must abandon two states statement.
维护祖国统一事关中华民族的根本利益，中国人民将义无反顾地捍卫国家主权和领土完整。绝不允许任何人以任何形式把台湾从中国分离出去。
To safeguard national unity bears on the fundamental interest of Chinese nation. We Chinese people will
safeguard our state sovereignty and territorial integrity with firm resolve. We will never allow anyone by any means to separate Taiwan from china.
解决台湾问题，实现祖国地完全统一，我们寄希望于台湾人民，台湾通报具有光荣地爱国主义传统，是发展两岸关系地重要力量。我们尊重台湾同胞地生活方式和当家做主地愿望
We place our hope on the people of Taiwan for settlement of Taiwan question and the realization of the complete reunification of China. Our compatriots in Taiwan have a glorious patriotic tradition and are an important force in developing cross-straits relations. We fully respect their life style and their wish to be the master of our country.
在处理发展和和平统一地关系上，有三种选择：在发展之前解决统一问题，在发展后解决统一问题，在发展中解决统一问题。从民族复兴地根本利益出发，第三种选择是必然的选择，如果为了反对台独，彻底中断了我们现代化进程，牺牲全面建设小康社会的国家发展目标，即使把台湾收回，大陆也可能分裂。必须把统一的成本和风险尽恳呢个降低到国民经济和民族利益可以承受可以承受的程度之下，保证发展作为第一要务得以继续。
There are three alternatives in dealing the problem of development and reunification. The first, resolving reunification problem before development, the second, after
development and the third, during the developement. Proceeding from the fundamental interests of national
rejuvenation, the third choice is a must. If we stop our modernization process and sacrifice our national development goal of all-round establishment of well-off society merely for anti-Taiwan independence, the mainland is still confronted with the potential of risk and possibility of division even if
Taiwan is back. So we must minimize the cost and risk of reunification to the scale and level where national economy and interests permit to
ensure further development, which is regarded as imminent task of our nation.
环顾当今世界，风云迭起，台湾前途令人不安。今经国去世，情势更趋复杂。此间诸友及我甚为关切，亟盼夫人与当政诸公，力维安定祥和局势，并早订大计。推动国家早日统一。我方认为，只要国共两党为国家民族计，推诚相见，以平等之态度共商国事，则一切可商量，所滤之问题均不难解决。
The present world situation being so turbulent, the future of the Taiwan has become a worrying matter. Now Jingguo has passed way, which has made the situation all the more
complicated. Your friends here and I are very much concerned about it. We sincerely hope that you and all of the Taiwan government officials would do your utmost to maintain peace and harmony in the island and make your decision as early as possible to strive for an early reunification of the
Chinese nation. In our view, it is not difficult to solve the problem that we are concerned about for we can settle everything through discussion as long as Kuomingdang and the Communist party of China put national interests above all and have consultation with each other on the basis of equality and sincerity.
两岸应当扩大交流，共同弘扬中华文化的优秀传统。实现两岸直接通邮，通航，通商是两岸同胞的共同利益所在，完全应该采取实际步骤，积极推进，开创两岸经济合作的新局面。一国两制是两岸统一的最佳方式。两岸统一后，台湾可以保持原有的社会制度不变，高度自治。Both sides should expand mutual contacts and exchanges and work together to carry forward fine Chinese tradition. As the direct links of mail, air and shipping services, and trade
across the Taiwan straits serve the common interests of both compatriots of both sides. There is every reason to take practical and positive step to
promote such direct links and open up new prospects for cross-straits economic cooperation.
“One country, two systems” is the best way between the two sides. Afterits reunification with the mainland, Taiwan may keep existingsocial system changed and enjoy highly degree of autonomy.
台湾同胞的生活方式不变，他们的切身利益将得到充分保障，永享太平。台湾经济将真正以大陆为腹地，获得广阔的发展空间。台湾同胞可以和祖国大陆同胞一道，行使管理国家的权利，共享伟
大祖国在国际社会的尊严和荣誉。因此，尽早实现两岸和平统一不仅有利于台湾各族同胞的根本利益，有利于中国大陆各族人民的利益，同样有利于亚太和整个世界的和平与稳定。Taiwan
compatriots may keep their way of life unchanged, and their vital interest will be fully guaranteed .They can enjoy lasting peace. Taiwan may then truly rely on the mainland as its hinterland for economic growth and thus get broad space for development. Taiwan compatriots can join peopleoon the mainland in exercising the right of administer the country can share our great nation’s dignity and honor in international community. Therefore, realizingreunification soon not only meet the needs of the fundamental interests of our Taiwan compatriots and the people of all minorities on the mainland but benefits the peace and tranquility of Asia-Pacific region and the rest of the world as a whole.
4经济／商务／贸易
经济全球化是一个过程，它充分发挥市场作用，尽量减少政府对于经济全球化敢于程度。Economic globalization is a process that brings the market into full play and reduce to maximum extent the level of government interference in economic activity.
发达国家是经济全球的最大收益人，而大多数发展中国家将被动地参与经济全球化地进程。
The developedcountries will be the biggest beneficiaries from
globalization process while most of the developing countries will be passively involved in it.
之所以发展中国家会处于不利位置是因为世界上仍然存在不公平的国际政治，经济秩序，这种不利倾向还将继续下去。 The reason why the developing countries are put in disadvantage is that there still be unfair international political and economic order and unfavorable tendencywill continue.
世界经济全球化不会使全球共同致富，是因为经济全球化进程中所创造的世界
财富将落入少数发达国家手里，而大多数发展中国家仍将面临边缘化的可能。 Worldwide economic globalization will by no means lead to global common prosperity in that the wealth created in economic
globalization process will fall into the hands of a handful of developed states while amajority of developing states will still face the likelihood of being marginalized.
经济全球化绝不仅仅局限于经济范围，意识形态方面的斗争远未结束。Economic globalization is by no means only confined to economic field, and the struggle within the field of ideology is far from vanished.
为了实现经济繁荣，摆脱世界二等公民的地位，发展中国家不应该仅仅依赖西方主张的经济全球化
To realize economic prosperity and outgrow the world second-ranked citizen status, developing
countries should not only rest on the western-advocated economic globalization.
发展中国家应该发展适合本国国情的国内经济，加强南南合作，推进南北对话，以建立一个公正的，合理的国际政治，经济秩序。
The developing countries should develop their domestic economy in a way suitable for national condition, beef up south-south cooperation, and promote south-
north dialogue for establishment of a fair and rational
international political, economic order.
经济全球化为发展中国家的经济结构调整于改善提供了一个历史机遇。 Economic globalization provides a historical opportunity for
economic structural readjustment and upgrade for developing countries.
发达国家的工业调整与改善有助于发展中国家引进先进的技术与设备，这样可以促进发展中国家国内的工业化和现代化，缩小与技术先进国家的现有差距。 Industrial readjustment and
upgrade in developed countries can
help developing countries
introduce advanced technology and equipment, thus promoting their industrialization and
modernization of their domestic enterprises and narrowing the current gap with technically sophisticated countries.
外来资金的大量流入将再加强发展中国家的基础设施，基础工业的建设，促进产品的升级换代，提高产品再国际市场竞争力方面起到了关键作用.
The massive inflow of foreign capital plays a critical role in strengthen the construction of infrastcture and basic industries of developing countries, promoting
the upgrade of their products and improving their competitiveness in international market.
由于可以获得的借贷资金大幅减少，收购公司不愿为新交易支付高价，而卖方仍然希望得到6个月之前可以拿到的金额
With their access to vast sums of borrowed moneycurtailed, buy-out firms are reluctant to pay top price for new deals, while the seller are still hope to get as much as they would have 6 month ago.
摩根士丹利暂停拍卖所持中金公司34。3％股份，将使得问题复杂话，因为这
家投资银行已计划与上海的华金证券（fortune secureties) 达成新的货单关系。
Putting the auction for Morgan-Stanley’s 34.3% stake in the brokerage on hold will complicate matters as this invest bank has planed to seal a new partnership with fortune securities in Shanghai.
随着银行业侵蚀雇主的信心，伦敦金融城的职位空缺比去年同期减少将近四分之一，雇主决定填补空缺的时间也远比以往拖的更长。
Job vacancies in the City of
London are almost a quarter lower than at the same stage last year and it is taking much longer time
to fill posts as the banking crisis has sapped employers’ confidence.
受房价和信贷危机影响，美国消费者对贷款的态度偏向克制，这有可能导致消费开支进一步萎缩。
U.S consumer, feeling the strain of a housing slump and related to credit crunch, have reined in their borrowing, which could further damp spending.
据美国联邦储备委员会公布数据，2月份美国消费者贷款额达到2。54万亿美元，经季节性因素调整后增幅折合年率
2。4％，此前1月的增幅为4。9％2月的信用卡增幅为5。9％而汽车贷款和其他类别的非循环借款却跌至0。4％ The Federal Reserve said consumer borrowing rose at a seasonally adjusted 2.4% annual rate in February to 2.54$ trillion, half the 4.9% pace recorded in January. Credit-card borrowing rose at a5.9% pace in February, but demand for auto-loans and other kinds of nonrevolving debt slowed to a 0.4%rate.
去年12月，中投公司斥资50亿美元收购了摩根士丹利少数股权。这笔交易更多地被描述为对摩根士丹利地战略投资，而不是救援融资。
CIC bought 5$billion minority stake in Morgan Stanley in December in a deal that was described more as strategic
investment than as rescue finance.
现在，中国企业正在全球四处并购，更多公司准备上市融资，国内投资者人数与日剧增，全球其他国家和地区争相寻找中国投资资金，价位适合的中国券商因此拥有极大吸引力。
Nowadays, Chinese companies are sourcing the world for mergers and acquisition, more companies are going public. The number of
investor in domestic stock market is growing by the day and the rest of the world is lining up in search of Chinese investment
capital, making Chinese brokerage
hugely attractive at the right price.
由于人们对中国移动再国内市场的绝对主导地位感到担心，中国政府正在考虑对国有电信企业进行一次影响深远的重组。中国移动拥有国内市场70％的份额，用户数量达到3。69亿
Beijing is considering a far-reaching restructuring of China’s state-controlled telcos in the face of concerns over China
Mobile’s overwhelming domestic dominance-it has a 70% market share and 369 million customers.
世界银行的数据库包括117个系统性银行危机，即一国相当大部分银行出现破
产或资不抵债的时期，在这些危机中，有5个发生在高收入经合组织(oecd)-1977年在西班牙，1987年在挪威，1991年芬兰，瑞典和日本。但绝大多数危机发生在发展中世界
The World Bank’s database includes 117 systematic bank
crisis defined as episode in which a significant proportion of a country’s banks fail or their assets are exhausted.
In these crisis only 5 occurred in OECD Spain 1977,Norway 1987,
Finland, Switland and Japan 1991, but the vast majority were in the developing world
在中国央行上调率为内地过热的经济降温的同时，香港银行去忙于调低利率－
由于联系汇率制，他们被迫跟随美国利率动向。
While China’s central bank was raising interest rates to cool the country’s overheated economy at mainland, Hong Kong banks are busy cutting interest rate as they were forced to follow US interests rate movement because of the currency peg.
5 科技类
韩国倡导干细胞研究的科学家们成功科隆了一只狗，这个活泼可爱的小狗的科隆成功不仅突破了生物上的又一座壁垒，也再次引发了一场有关道德观念的激烈争论
South Korea’s pioneering stem cell scientist has cloned a dog, smashing another biological
barrier and reigniting a fierce ethical debate-while producing a perky lovable puppy.
有关科隆动物的健康状况及生命周期仍存在不确定性，绵阳多利2003年就曾近因癌症及关节炎过早死去
Uncertainties about the health and life span of cloned animal persist; Dolly died prematurely in 2003 after developing cancer and arthritis
传统的方法是通过常规光线使指纹现实出来，而且借助粉末等物质，这会改变指纹保存状.有了这种新的方法，你根本不用改变或者处理指纹了，我们可以测定指纹所含有的化学成分，同时获取指纹图案。
The conventional methods are meant to bring out the fingerprint pattern with regular light and they have to treat those with powder, which alters them. With this you don’t have to alter it or treat it at all. We can determine the elements in a
fingerprint and get a pattern at the same time.
飞机起飞后途径居民区时，飞行员迅速地保持统一飞行高度，知道离开市区后，再加大油门飞向标定高度。 但这只是减少跑道附近噪音干扰的权宜之计，更好的解决办法是制造抵噪音的发动机。研究表明喷气式发动机的噪音主要来自涡轮螺旋桨发动机的刺耳声音，美国国家航天局决定分两部解决这个问题。
Shortly after take-off, the pilot reduces power while he maintains a constant altitude flight over residential areas. Once clear of the unban area, he increase power to climb to an assigned altitude. But this is only a temporary solution to remove some of the burden from these living next to runways. A better solution is to make engine quieter. Studies have shown that the major noise
annoyance from jet engines center on the screaming sound of turbofan engine. NASA decided on a two-step solution to the problem.
历史记载又增添了光辉的一笔。一组来自不同国家的科学家揭开了被称为“生命之书”－或者也可以说是人类基因组的完整架构图的神秘面纱。这项研究成果被广泛的认为将在生物学与医学领域产生重大革新。这个完整的人类基因组
密码架构图是再原密码草图发表后两年绘制完成的。据说其精确程度99。9％的数据已被输入公共资料库，将使整个人类受益
History is in the making when an international group of scientists unveiled what’s dubbed “the book of the life” or complete map of the human genome.
The research is widely expected to revolutionize biology and medicine. The complete map of the human genetic code was finished two years after a rough draft of the code was published.
The data, which is said to be 99.9% accurate, has been uploaded into a public database for the benefit of all humanity.
将来，人们期望这个完整的基因组织构架图将会为各项科学家研究带来重大改革，研究项目可涉及对帕金森症到癌症的预防，诊断及治疗。
There are high expectations the complete map of the human genome, will, in the future, revolutionize research into preventing
diagnosing and treating disease from Parkinson’s to cancer.
住宅自动化也可以简单得象自动照明控制系统一样，后者再主人回到家时，就会象开启从车库门到卧室一路得照明灯。我们现在提供得工业产品还有，视网膜扫描装置，虹膜扫描装置，指纹分析设备，甚至还有容貌辨认系统。这些装置起先只在高度机密区域使用，现在连住家和商务都开始派上用场。
Home automation can be as simple as an automation lighting control system that realizes when
someone’s home and gives you a pathway of light from your garage door all the way to your bedroom. We now offer industrial products like retina scanning device, iris scanning device, finger printing analysis, and all the way up to something that they call face recognition.
These devices that were primarily used in the past for high security areas can now be used for residential client as well as commercial applications.
想象有这么一台手提纯平电视，可以上网，可以播放dvd, 还可以数码摄像，当然，也可以看电视剧。你可以在家里得各处使用它，甚至可以把它带进浴室。这些听起来象美梦成真吧？ 它就是最棒得家庭娱乐装置－索尼纯平电视机. Imagine a portable flat screen TV that gives you Internet access, DVD playback, and digital
photography and of course you can watch series on it.
What’s more it can be used
anywhere in the house and you can even take it into the shower. Sounds like a dream come true? Well you are right because it’s the best home entertainment. It’s Sony Airboard.
克隆胚胎得技术在20世纪90年年代后期由苏格兰科学家研究成功并日趋完善，把干细胞培养成为组织和器官得技术正由美国科研人员加以开发。这两项技术得结合，有望结束长期等待供体器官和机体移植组织排异引起得诸多问题 The ability to clone embryos was perfected by scientists in
Scotland in the late 1990s and the ability to grow stem cells into tissue and organs is being
developed by American researchers. Combining the two technologies, it is hoped, will mean and end to long waits for organs from donors and problems caused by rejection of transplanted tissues by the body.
象心脏一样，培养出全肾是很困难得。但是即使象这样复杂得器官，也没有任何理由不能从科隆胚胎的全能干细胞培育出来。
Likea heart, growing a whole kidney would be difficult but there is no reason why even an organ as complex as this would not be generated from all-purpose stem cell taken from a cloned embryo 由于细胞还可以培养出替换象治疗alzheimer’s 这类退行性疾病做移植用得脑组织。象parkinson’s 和中风引起得脑损伤，也可以用干细胞培养技术进行修复。由脊髓损伤引起得瘫痪，也可以由此得以恢复运动功能。
From stem cells, replacement brain tissue could be grown for
transplant to treat degenerative disease like Alzheimer’s. Damage caused by Parkinson’s disease and stroke could also be repaired. People paralysed by spinal cord injury could have their mobility restored.
6健康类
一项最新研究发现，流感病毒表面包有一层脂肪保护外壳，这种外壳十分坚硬，能抵御严寒。这种油装物质在进入呼吸
道后才开始融化，病毒被释放后会立即感染细胞。 科学家称这一过程如同mm巧克力在嘴里融化。
According to ne research, the
influenza virus coats itself in a protective fatty shield that is tough enough to withstand cold temperatures. The butter-like material only melts when it hits the respiratory tract, leaving the virus free to infect cells-
process scientists say is like an M&M melting in the mouth.
然后，在温度较高得环境下，这层保护外壳在进入人体或者动物体内之前就会融化，因此病毒在感染细菌之前即被杀死
However, in warm outdoor temperatures, the protective
coating melts before it reaches a person or an animal, killing the germs before they can infect someone.
科学家过去一直在研究冬季易发流感得原因，一些理论称这时因为冬季人们多在室内活动，或是因为夏季得阳光辐射会杀死细菌。但是没有一项研究能真正解释流感传播得原因。
In the past scientists have worked on theories that flu is more common in winter because people spend more time inside or
radiation from sun in summer kills off germs. But no research has
successfully explained the spread of the disease.
现在我们明白了流感病毒是如何保护自己并在人际间传播得，因此我们可以研究如何干扰这种保护机制。
Now that we understand how the flu virus protects itself so that it can spread from person to person, we can work on ways to interfere with that protective mechanism.
流感及其其他呼吸道病毒主要通过咳嗽，打喷嚏或者说话时散播得飞沫传播，它也会附在物体表面，通过被污染得手指接触传染。Influenza and other respiration viruses are spread in small droplets broadcast by
coughing, sneezingand talking and which can also settle onto surface, to be picked up on fingertips.
研究人员于本周二称，适量饮酒，运动，每天吃五分水果和蔬菜，而且不吸烟得人要比没有这些习惯得人平均多活14年
People who drink moderately, exercise, quit smoking and eat five serving of fruit and
vegetable each day live on average 14 years longer than people who adopt non of these behaviours. Researchers said on Tuesday
该英国研究小组称，大量证据表明，这些生活习惯有益于身体健康。延年益寿，而这些最新研究则量化了这四种习惯得综合效应。
Overwhelming evidence has shown that these things contribute to healthier and longer lives, but the new study actually quantified their combined impact, theBritish team said.
与自称从不吃乳酸食品得人相比，每天摄入酸奶或者其他乳酸饮品55g或者更多的人有严重牙周炎症状的明显较少。研究人员还考虑到年龄，性别，吸烟饮酒 刷牙频率，血糖及胆固醇水平等各项因素
Compared with individuals
reporting to no lactic acid food intake, those who eat 55g or more of yogurt or lactic acid drinks a day had significantly fewer markers of severe periodontal disease. The investigators made allowance for factors such as age, gender, smoking, and alcohol intake, frequency of tooth brushing,blood sugar and cholesterol levels.
一项有68000多名美国中年女性参加的研究表明，长期睡眠不足的女性容易发胖。研究人员对68183名中年女性进行了长达16年的跟踪调查，结果发现，每晚睡眠时间为5小时或者不足5小时
的女性发胖的几率比每天睡7小时的女性高1／3
A study conducted on more than 68000 middle-aged U.S women
suggest that female who don’t get enough sleep may end up adding some extra pounds over years.
Researchers followed 68183 middle-aged women for 16years and found that those who slept 5hours or
less per night were one third more likely to gain weight than those who slept for 7hours.
情况下，睡眠不足仍是导致发胖的主要原因。
The association between sleep durationand weight gain persisted
even after controlling for factors such as physical activity and calories consumption in both groups.
虽然其中具体原因目前还不清楚，但已经有研究表明，睡眠不足会改变体内影响食欲和新城代谢的激素水平。也可能是因为睡眠不足的人吃的较多，或者因疲倦而减少锻炼
Theexactreasonisn’t clear but some researchsuggest that sleep deprivation altershormonesinvolved in appetite control and metabolism. Also it’s possible that people who sleep fewer hours either eat more, or because of fatigue, and exercise less often.
他们应该正值人生的黄金时期。但英国的一项调查发现，二三十岁的年轻人的健康状况还不如他们父母。酗酒，吃方便食品，缺乏锻炼均对年轻人的健康造成了不良影响。
They should be in the prime of their live. But instead, those in their twenties and thirties are in worse health than their parents, a British survey has found. Binge drinking, ready meals and a lack of exercise all take their tolls.
所以，年轻人比55岁以上的人更容易患偏头痛和感冒，而且更容易焦虑。该调查表明，18岁至34岁之间的人患感冒或者流感的几率为他们父辈的三倍。 近1／4的年轻人经常患头痛或者偏头
痛，而这一比率在55岁以上的人中仅仅为14％
As a result, the young are more likely to have migraines, catch a cold or become stressed than over-55s. According to the research, those aged between 18-34 are three times more likely to have a cold or flu than older generation. Nearly a quarter of young regularly have headaches or
migraines compared to just 14% of over -55s.
7 社会文化
一份报告显示，与其他员工相比，单身女性无偿加班的几率更高。平均看来，30多岁的单身女性每周无偿加班7。4小时，相当于一年有43天的工作没有任何报酬。这意味着数百万女性正在承受一种“早来晚走不午休”的工作模式 Single women are more likely to do unpaid overtime than any other workers, a report revealed. On average, those in their 30s do 7.4 hours a week, equal to 43 days a year at their desks without being paid a penny. It means millions of women are coming in early,
skipping lunch breaks and leaving late.
报告支出，总体来看，近500w的员工经常无偿加班。教师，律师，商人，建筑师及媒体从业人员无偿或者有偿加班
几率最高。官方统计数据显示，如今，女性比以往加班多的同时，男性加班则越来越
Overall, the report found that nearly five million workers regular do unpaid overtime. Teachers, lawyers, businessman, architects and media staff are most likely to work overtime, paid or unpaid. Women are working
longer hours than ever-but men are doing the opposite, official figures show. .
在日本，油价飞涨正在你意想不到的地方产生影响，那就是学校伙食供应。据媒体报道以及一名官员介绍，由于近期油价飙升，位于东京附近横滨市的一所学校决定明年1月份取消两天伙食供应 Soaring oil prices are having an impact on an unlikely place-on school dinner in Japan. A school in Yokohama near Tokyo has decided to cancel school dinner for two days in January on account of the recent spike in oil price, media reports and an official said.
日本因启动迄今规模最大的捕鲸行动而遭到各方强烈谴责。此前，日本的西方盟友向其发出警告，称其此次捕鲸行动引起国际社会的公愤。但日本一意孤行，已于上周日派捕鱼船队前往南极海。而日本此次的捕鲸计划首次将珍稀物种座头鲸纳入捕杀名单
Japan came under a storm of
criticism Monday for going ahead with its largest whale hunt yet. Defying warning from its Western allies that it would flame an
emotional row on whaling, Japan on Sunday sent its fleet to the Antarctic Ocean. The hunt will include famed humpback whales for the first time
据上周日公布的一项最新分析结果显示，美国“汽车城”Detroit 再次蒙羞，这
个michigan 州的城市取代st.Louis， 成为美国最危险的城市。这时美国某私人调查机构对联邦调查局公布的年度犯罪数据进行分析后得出的结果
In another blow to the motor city tarnished image, Detroit of Michigan pushed past St.Loui to become the national’s most dangerous city, according to a
private research group’s analysis, released Sunday, of annual FBI crime statistics.
这个机构发表的分析报告主要考察了人口超过7。5w的378个城市犯罪情况，其主要依据包括谋杀，强奸，抢劫，严重袭击，盗窃及汽车盗窃的犯罪率。据这个机构介绍，每类犯罪都倍单独考虑，并根据其严重程度进行评估
The report released from the
institution looked at 378 cities with at least 75,000 people based on per-capita rate for homicides, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary and auto theft. Each crime category was considered separately and weighted based on its seriousness, the institution said.
在一份发表的研究报告中说“工作占据了一个人一天的大部分，它是一个人社会地位的主要决定因素，而且能定义一个人， 在生理心理上都会对人造成影响。由于工作在很多人的生活中处于核
心地位，因此对于工作的满意是生活幸福的一个重要因素。
“Work occupies a large part of each worker’s day; is one’s main source of social standing and helps to defines who a person is and affects one’s health both physically and mentally.”
According to a published report on the study. “Because of work’s central role in many people’s lives, satisfaction with one’s job is an important component in overall well-being.
在普通职业中，50％的受访者对警察和侦探，注册护士，会计，编辑和记者等职业的满意程度很高。这份报告说：“满意程度最低的工作大多是一些技能
要求低，手工和服务类型的职业，尤其是顾客服务和餐饮准备及服务的职业。 A few common jobs in which about50% of participants reported high
satisfaction included: police and detectives, registered nurses, accountants, and editors and
reporters. “The least satisfying dozen jobs are mostly low-skill, manual and service occupations, especially involving customer service and food/beverage preparation and serving,” according to the report.
对中国大多数年轻人来说，传统重新回到主流舞台：近年来中国快速发展的经济使居民购买力大大增强，中国在世界
经济中不断提升的地位也使国人油然而生自豪感，他们对代表中国传统的元素如饥似渴。刚富起来的中国人对古老的胡同和传统四合院进行了修缮，并纷纷移居其中，不仅如此，在国际拍卖会上，中国人也在大手笔买下明朝的瓷器和中国古董，牌价不断创出新高
For many young Chinese, tradition is back in vogue: China’s
sizzling economic growth in recent years has given consumers a sudden lift in purchasing power, and the pride that’s come with China’s emergence as a big player in the global economy is creating a hunger for things that represent their roots. Newly rich Chinese are restoring old hutong, or
family courtyard homes, and living in them. And they’re setting new records on Ming-era porcelain and
Chinese antiquities sold at international auction.
数以百万计的工人与学生因假日原因迁徙，构成了中国一年一度的春运，而近年春运，这一切突然陷入停顿。中国中部地区的高速公路与铁路因雪灾，及冰暴原因关闭，这在全国运输系统中产生了连锁反应，而受影响最大的莫过于广州了，它是南方省份广东的省会。 China’s annual “spring rush”, a holiday migration
involvingmillions of workers and students, has this year turned into a spring crush. Snow and ice storm have closed highways and rail lines across central china, with the ripple effect back through the national transport system felt most keenlylikely in
Guangzhou, capital of southern Guangzhou province.
即使上个世纪80年代末，许多中国人还需要凭配给证才能买到一些必须的食品，并储藏一些平时不常见的食品，留到过年再吃，到了现在，许多人都可以把新买的冰箱里塞的满满当当。这些食品中的蛋白质比重越来越大， 而在以前，他们要么特别昂贵，要么特别稀缺 even in the late 1980s， ManyChinese still relied on
rationing cards for some essential foods and would store up special items for Chinese new year. Now many are able to fill their newly bought fridge with ever-larger portions of protein that were either too expensive or scarce in the past。
中国农历的十二月初八是腊八节，意味着中国传统新年的开始，腊在中文中指的是农历十二月，八指初八。腊八即中国农历十二月初八。近年腊八节的阳历日期在2008年1月15日。
Laba is celebrated on the eighth day of the last lunar month
referring to the traditional start of celebrations for ChineseNew
th
Year. La in Chinese means the 12 lunar month and ba means eight. It
th
goes on janary 15 this year.
关于腊八节起源的传说有很多。其中一个是这样的：3000多年前的中国，人们一般要在农历十二月举行一次腊的祭祀仪式，向天神和地神供奉他们的猎物，作为祭祀贡品。当时，中国文字中猎物
和十二月二者是通用的，从那以后，腊就被用来指代猎物和十二月。 Legends about the origin of this festivity abound. One holds that over 3,000 years ago sacrificial rites called la were held in the twelfth lunar month when people offer their sacrifices to the gods of heaven and earth. The
Chinesecharacters for sacrifices and the twelfth month were interchangeable then, and ever since la has been used to refer to both
泛接受了。汉人普遍认为，佛教的第一个佛即佛教创立者释迦牟尼在腊月初八这天悟道成佛。腊月初八这天，寺庙里的僧侣吟诵佛经。用大米，豆子，坚果，干果等做成的腊八粥被供奉在佛像前。随着时间的流逝，这一传统习俗沿袭下
来，特别是在一些农村地区，农民门用这种方式祈求好的庄稼收成。
Buddhism was well accepted in the areas inhabited by the hanChinese, who believed that sakyamuni, the first Buddha and founder of the region, attained enlightenment on the eighth day of twelfth month. Sutras were chanted in the temples and rice porridge with rice, beans, nuts, and dried fruit was prepared for Buddha. With the passing of the time the custom extended, especially in rural areas where peasants would pray for a
plentiful harvest in this way.
电邮之后出现短信，短信之后出现黑莓；黑莓之后出现iphone。正如时尚认识持续地，不正当地宣判某种服装设计过时
一样，你也应该关注对信件书写方式消亡地宣判。
After e-mail, texting; after texting, blackberry; after blackberry, the iphone.Just as fashionists are continually
wrongly, declaring the death of couture, you should beware
proclamation of death of the art of letter writing.
电邮引发了信纸地位地转变，信纸现在除了是必需品以外，已成一种奢侈品。信纸地质量和产地似乎成了一种密码。它暗示者你很入流－就像某种手包或者鞋子一样。它成了一种附件，特别是在送礼月，它日益成为答谢活动临近地重要物品。
E-mail has promoted a shift in status for writing paper. Rather than being a necessity, writing paper has become a luxury. The quality and provenance of your writing paper is like a secret
code. It signifies that you are in club-much as a certain kind of handbag or shoe does. It’s an accessory, and an increasingly important one at that, especially as the month of gift-giving, getting and thanking looms.
8环境保护
由于人类近年来对于自然资源地过度开采和利用，导致自然环境的状况日益恶化，人类应当为自己地未来而担忧了。 Human being’s overdevelopment and exploitation of the natural resources contribute to the degradation of the natural
environment, which should arouse our worry about our future. .
由于对于树木地过度砍伐，大量地热带雨林开始消亡，一些热带动植物濒临灭绝。更加严重地是，树林地大量消失使得大量地水土流失，造成了荒漠化，使得沙尘暴肆虐，严重影响了空气质量。 Due to over logging, huge amount of rain forests and species are dying.
Even worse, the loss of the tress caused loss of water and soil, leading to desertification, sand storm and the deterioration of air quality.
另外一方面，工业化地推进带来了一系列污染，如水污染和空气污染，再加上越来越多地汽车排出来地有毒气体和物质，如carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide 在对臭氧层破坏地同时，也对人类地健康和生命造成了巨大地威胁。 On the other hand,
industrialization triggers a series of pollution as water contamination and air pollution plus more poisonous gases and substances from increasing cars. Moreover, the poisonous gases such as carbon dioxide and sulphur
dioxide emitted not only damage the ozone layer, but also threaten our health and life.
这种恶性循环还带来了更为严重地后果，不断地环境污染导致全球变暖，气温上升，不仅破坏了自然物种地栖息地，而且还带来了一系列地自然灾害，大旱，洪水，台风，龙卷风，冰川融化，不断在我们赖以生存地地球上肆虐，终于有一天人类要为自己今天地所做所谓付出代价。
This vicious cycle brings even more severe consequences, global warming, rising temperature are destroying the natural habitat of plants and animal and causing
natural disasters, drought, flood,
typhoon, tornados, melting of glaciers are plaguing on earth where we live.
One day we’ll pay for what we are doing now.
首次就人类对于海洋生态系统地影响所进行地全球研究发现，地球上超过40％海洋受到了人类活动严重影响，仅有4％仍然保持原始状态。
More than 40%of world’s ocean is heavily affected by human activities and only 4%remain almost pristine.
According to the first global
study of human influence on marine ecosystem.
通过捕鱼，沿海开发及航运污染等17项活动地进行重叠，美国研究人员得到了人为海洋危害的综合图。 By overlapping maps of 17 activities such as fishing,
coastal development and shipping pollution, US researchers have produced a composite picture of man-made damage to the seas.
中国气象学家表示，la nina现象是近期中国出现极端暴风雪天气的部分原因。这场雪灾已经导致至少60人 丧生。并在农历新年将于下周到来之际，造成中国交通网络大面积瘫痪
Chinese meteorologists have said the La Nina, a weather phenomenon, contributed to the extreme snowfalls that have killed at
least 60 people and paralysed large parts of the country’s transportation network ahead of the next week’s lunar New Year holiday.
la nina现象是一种周期性的全球天气现象，被认为与多种反常天气有关，从大西洋的飓风，到非洲和南亚去年的洪水泛滥。
La Nina is a cyclical global weather pattern that has been linked to weather disruption ranging from hurricanes in the Atlantic to flooding in Africa and South Asia last year.
英国气象办公室称，2008年之所以不会破记录，是因为la nina 现象将对全球气温产生显著影响。该现象指的是热带太平洋的大面积冷水上涌（从而给全球气温带来冷却作用）。但该机构称，全球温度越来越高的潜在趋势可能继续。 The Met Office said a powerful la Nina,the name given to the
upwellingof large areas of cold water in tropical Pacific Ocean, would probably keep 2008’s temperature from breaking the global record. But it said the underlying trend of higher and higher temperatures was likely to continue.
科学家日前首次对海洋变暖与飓风活动增加之间的关系进行了量化分析。
University college London 的研究显
示，海洋表面温度没身高0。5c（这一幅度处于未来几年海洋变暖幅度的预期范围之内），将导致北大西洋的飓风数量增加40％
Scientists have quantified for the first time the link between warming oceans and increased hurricane activity. The research at university college London shows that a 0.5’c increase in sea surface temperature-which is
within the range expected over the next few years-would cause a 40%increase in north Atlantic hurricanes
有关热带雨林毁灭的预测已经有好多年了。然而知道最近，最坏的预测几乎都
与人类的破坏相关， 例如为建牧场或者农场而成片砍伐和焚烧森林。 Predictions of the collapse of tropical rain forest have been around for years. Yet until
recently the worst forecasts were almost exclusively linked to direct human predation, such as clear-cutting and burning for pastures and farms
一些科学家相信，carbon dioxide 水平的升高意味着亚马逊和亚洲，非洲的雨林可能从用以对抗温度升高的财富变为债务，例如，亚马逊植物群含有一千多亿吨的carbon dioxide 相当与排气管和烟囱15年的排放量。
Some scientists believe that the rise in carbon levels means that the amazon and other rain forests in Asia and Africa may go from being asset in battle against
rising temperatures to liabilities. Amazon flora, for instance, holds more than 100 billion metric tons of carbon, equal to 15years of tailpipe and smokestackemission
如果雨林毁灭的速度大幅增加，每年将向大气释放35亿ton 到50亿ton 的carbon dioxide ，成为温室气体的主要来源。
If the collapse of the rain forest speeds up dramatically, it could eventually release 3.5 billion to 5billion metric tons of carbon into the atmosphere each year-
making forests the leading source of greenhousegases.
Practice
Citius, altius, forties have
profound indications which fully reflect the Olympic spirit of fighting for higher goals, pioneering and bravery.
In competition facing their strong rivals, players fear nothing and fight for victory and triumph. They are never contented with what they have archived but always try to conquer and surpass themselves
in order to reach new goals and higher level.
They are courageous enough to conquer the nature and overcome all the limitations and chains from the nature to win more freedom.
Passage 2:
Globalization is not a vague, warm feeling about the future. It has become a reality.
It is a specific economic strategy pursued by the countries of the industrialized world and the transnationals whose interests they represent.
The core of this strategy is to ensure open, unregulated access to
the world’s markets-the model of the free trade liberalization which allows transnational to sweep aside smaller local
competitions irrespective of the social or environmental cost. Developing countries are opened up for exploitation,and the profits which they could have used for their own development are whisked away to the accounts of the transnational shareholders overseas.
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