从历年高考题中可看出,介词类考题常集中于一些常用介词,如at ,in,for,from , to,of,on,with,until,about,by,since,as, around等。当然,其他介词的用法也不能忽视。 1.He decides to visit the family ______ Friday night.(MET1988) A.on B.at C.in D.during
解析:during the night,at night为泛指。特指某个晚上,即night前有修饰语或其后有of短语时,则要用介词on。本题特指星期五晚上,应选A。
2.Luckily,the bullet narrowly missed the captain ______ an inch.(NM ET2002) A.by B.at C.to D.from
解析:答案A。by用法之一是表示“相差……数目和程度”,如:His horse won by a nose.他的马以一鼻之差险胜。题干意为:子弹以一英寸之差没射中上尉。 3.The doctor will be free ______ .(MET1992)
A.10minutes later B.after ten minutes C.in 10minutes D.10minutes after 解析:答案C。in表示从现在到将来某段时间以后,而after表示某段时间以后。
4.The sunlight came in ______ windows in the roof and lit up the whole room.(上海2001) A.through B.across C.on D.over
解析:答案A。through“穿过,通过(某地,某物)”,表示从事物的内部穿过;而across表示从事物表面穿过。
(二)熟悉和掌握常用的介词短语及其用法
这些介词短语,结构固定,含义特定,特别是有些介词与动词构成短语动词,要做到熟能生巧,运用自如。如catch sight of,look after /at /like /over,take care of,turn to等。
1.In the dark street,there wasn't a single person ______ she could turn for help.(MET1992) A.to whom B.who C.from whom D.that
解析:答案为A。turn to sb.for help为固定搭配,意为“向……寻求帮助”,题中turn后边的介词to被移到了关系代词whom前面,形成“介词+关系代词”结构。 2.If you keep on,you'll succeed ______ .(NMET1993)
A.in time B.at one time C.at the same time D.on time
解析:答案A。in time“及时,迟早相当于sooner or later“总有一天”;at one time“过去有一个时期”
;at the same time“同时”;on time“准时”。
3.Washington,a state in the United States,was named ______ one of the greatest American presidents.(1999上海)
A.in honor of B.instead of C.in favor of D.by means of 解析:答案A。in honor of“为纪念……,为向……表达”敬意。
(三)辨识介词在具体语境中的含义和用法,养成良好的思考习惯和提高辨识能力。 1.—What do you want ______ those old boxes?
—To put things in when I move to the new flat.(2002北京) A.by B.for C.of D.with
解析:答案D。从答语中to put things in可知,those old boxes是用来作“工具,手段”的,即“你想用这些旧箱子来干什么?
2.In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30p.m., ______ many people have gone home.(上海1995)
A.whose time B.that C.on which D.by which time
解析:答案D。此题与上题相似。根据题意,定语从句中的时间状语应在5:30p.m.之前,所以应用“by the time...”结构。
3.The number of the employees has grown from 1,000to 1,200.The means it has risen ______ 20 percent.(上海1999)
A.by B.at C.to D.with
解析:答案A。雇员的数量从1,000增长到1,200即意味“增长了”20%。by表示“净增长或减少……”;而to表示“增长到……”。
4.—How long has this bookshop been business? — ______ 1982.(NMET1994)
A.After B.In C.From D.Since
解析:答案D。after指时间时,表示“在……之后”;in表示“在……期间内”,在将来时态中表示“在……之间”;from强调“从……到……”;since表示“从……以来”,后接时间点,主句常用现在完成时。 二、高考短文改错题对介词的考查 (一)介词多余
1.I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.(NMET2002) 去掉at。句中the moment作连词,引导时间状语从句。
2.So I'm really sorry that I won't be able to come in this time.(NMET2000) 去掉in。this time前不要介词。
3.In fact,they're planning to visit China in next year.(NMET1996) 去掉in。时间名词前有last,next等修饰时,不用介词。
4.I never knew about a ride down a river could be so exciting.(NMET1995) 去掉about或about→that。knew后直接跟宾语从句。 (二)介词错误
1.Unfortunately,there are too many peo- ple among my family.(1999) among→in。among在……之中;in在……里。
2.Newly-published novels are always in great demand and some books,for examples books for history,science,cooking and gardening are also popular.(1994)
for→ on。表示“专论常用介词on,of等,如:on reading,of studies。不用for和 about,about只是泛泛而论,表示的内容较普通。
3.When they came down the police were angry to them.(1992) to→ with。be angry with sb.是固定短语。
4.People in different parts in the world learn to understand one with another.(MET90) in→ of。并去掉with。of表示所属关系;one another为固定短语。 (三)介词缺少
1.I was happy with any programme but the others spent a lot time arguing...(NMET1999) a lot后加of。a lot of是固定词组。
2.We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves.(1998) instead后加of。instead of是短语介词,“代替。 3.When I have free time I'll go a long walk.(1992) go后加for。go for a walk是固定短语。
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