英美文学考前串讲（3）Chapter2TheNeoclassicalPeriodI.Choosetherightanswer:1.____bringsHenryFieldingthenameofthe\"ProseHomer\".A.ThePilgrim’sProgressB.TomJonesC.RobisonCrusoeD.ColonelJackAnswer:B(P122)2.AlexanderPopeworkedpainstakinglyonhispoemsandfinallybroughttoitslastperfection______Drydenhadsuccessfullyusedinhisplays.A.theheroiccoupletB.thefreeverseC.theblankverseD.theSpenserianstanzaAnswer:A(P92)3.Ofallthe18thcenturynovelists___wasthefirsttosetout,bothintheoryandpractice,towritespeciallya\"comicepicinprose.\"A.HenryFieldingB.DanielDefoeC.JonathanSwiftD.JohnBunyanAnswer:A(P120)4.____isthemostsuccessfulreligiousallegoryintheEnglishlanguage.A.GenesisAB.TheHolyWarC.ThePilgrimsprogressD.ExodusAnswer:C(P85)5.Inwhichofthefollowingworkscanyoufindthepropernames\"Lilliput\\"Brobdingnag\\"Houyhnhnm\"and\"Yahoo\"?A.ThePilgrim’sProgressB.TheFaririeQueeneC.Gulliver’stravelsD.TheSchoolofScandelAnswer:C(P108)6.\"Asshadesmoresweetlyrecommendthelight,Somodestplainnesssetsoffsprightlywit;Forworksmayhavemorewitthandoes’emgoodAsbodiesperishthroughexcessofblood.\"Intheabovelines,Popetriestosatthat_______.A.morewitwillmakebetterpoetryB.plainnessismoreimportantthanwitinpoetryC.toomuchwitwilldestroygoodpoetryD.plainnesswillmakewitdullAnswer:C(P93-94)7.TheRapeoftheLockbyAlexanderPopeiswrittenintheformofamock______,whichdescribesthetrivialityofhighsocietyinagrandstyle.A.epicB.elegyC.sonnetD.odeAnswer:A(P92)8.WhichofthefollowingisNOTatypicalfeatureofSamuelJohnson’slanguagestyle?A.Hissentencesarelongandwellstructured.B.Hissentencesareinterwovenwithparallelwords.C.Hetendstouseinformalandcolloquialwords.D.Hissentencesarecomplicated,buthisthoughtsareclearlyexpressed.Answer:C(P132)9.\"Theboastofheraldry,thepompofpower,Andallthatbeauty,allthatwealthe’ergave,Awaitsaliketheinevitablehour.Intheabovequotedpassage,ThomasGrayintendstosaythatgreatfamily,power,beautyandwealth___________.A.willnevermakepeopleleadtothesamedestination----pathsofglory.B.willinevitablymakepeoplerealizetheirgloriousdreamsC.aretheverybestthingstoleadpeopletotheirgloriesD.willneverpreventpeoplefromreachingtheirfinaldestination---grave.Answer:D(P154)10.____hasbeenregardedbysomeas\"FatheroftheEnglishnovel\"forhiscontributiontotheestablishmentoftheformofthemodernnovel.A.JohnBunyanB.HenryFieldingC.DanielDefoeD.JohnathanSwiftAnswer:B(P121)11.____wasverymuchconcernedwiththethemeofthevanityofhumanwishesandtriedtoawakenmentothisfollyandhopedtocurethemofitthroughhiswriting.A.SamuelJohnsonB.JonathanSwiftC.RichardBrinsleySheridanD.ThomasGrayAnswer:A(P132)12.____wastheonlyimportantdramatistofthe18thcentury,inhisplays,moralityistheconstanttheme.A.AlexanderPopeB.RichardBrinsleySheridanC.SamuelJohnsonD.GeorgeBernardShawAnswer:B(P136)13.AstherepresentativeoftheEnlightenment,Popewasoneofthefirsttointroduce___toEngland.A.RationalismB.CriticismC.RomanticismD.RealismAnswer:A(P91)14.TheRivalsand____aregenerallyregardedasimportantlinksbetweenthemasterpieceofShakespeareandthoseofBernardShaw.A.TheSchoolforScandalB.TheDuennaC.Widower’sHousesD.TheDoctor’sDilemmaAnswer:A(P137)15.____isasharpsatireonthemoraldegeneracy(道德沦丧)ofthearistocratic-bourgeoissocietyinthe18thcenturyEngland.A.TheRivalsB.Gulliver’sTravelsC.TomsJonesD.TheSchoolforScandalAnswer:D(P138)16.Thepoem\"ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard\"byThomasGrayisregardedasthemostrepresentativeworkof_____.A.TheMetaphysicalSchoolB.TheGraveyardSchoolC.TheGothicSchoolD.TheRomanticSchoolAnswer:B(P152)17._______,writteninheroiccoupletbyPope,isconsideredmanifestoofEnglishNeoclassicism.A.AnEssayofDramaticPoetryB.AnEssayonCriticismC.TheAdvancingoflearningD.AnEssayonFreedomAnswer:B(P93)18.______isatypicalfeatureofSwift’swritings.A.ElegantstyleB.CausalnarrationC.BittersatireD.ComplicatedsentencestructureAnswer:C(P107)19.InthefollowingwritingsbyHenryFielding,whichbringshimthenameofthe\"ProseHomer\"?A.TheCoffee---HousePolitician.B.TheTragedyofTragedies.C.TheHistoryofTomJones,AFoundling.D.TheHistoryofAmelia.Answer:C(P120)20.\"Hold!Seewhetheritisornotbeforeyougotothedoor----Ihaveaparticularmessageforyouifitshouldbemybrother.\"Thetwosentencesarefoundin________.A.TheSchoolforScandalB.TheRivalsC.TheCriticD.TheSchemingLieutenantAnswer:A(P139)21.IntermsofElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard,whichiswrong?A.Theauthoremploysmetaphorinthispoem.B.Theauthorexcessivelyexpresseshispersonalmelancholy.C.Hereherevealshissympathyforthepoorandtheunknown.D.Hemocksthegreatoneswhodespisethepoorandbringhavoconthem.Answer:B(P152-153)22.TheHouyhnhnmsdepictedbyJonathanSwiftinGulliver’sTravelsare________.A.horsesthatareendowedwithreason.B.pigmiesthatareendowedwithadmirablequalitiesC.giantsthataresuperiorinwisdom.D.Hairy,wild,lowanddespicablecreatures,whoresemblehumanbeingsnotonlyinappearancebutalsoinsomeotherways.Answer:A(P108)II.Readthequotedpartandanswerthequestions:1.\"Wordsarelikeleaves;andwheretheymostabound,Muchfruitofsensebeneathisrarelyfound.Falseeloquence,liketheprismaticglass,Itsgaudycolorsspreadsoneveryplace;ThefaceofNaturewenomoresurvey,Allglaresalike,withoutdistinctiongay.\"Questions:1)Identifytheauthorandthepassage;2)Namethedevicesusedinthepassagewithexamples;3)Explain\"Words….found\".4)Whatisthemainlyimpliedideaofthepassage?参考答案：1)ThepassageisfromPope’s\"AnEssayonCriticism\".(P94)2)Inthepassagetheauthorused\"Simile\"thedevice,e.g.\"Wordsarelikeleaves\"and\"falseeloquence,liketheprismaticglass’etc.3)Thesentencemeans:Where/Whentoomanywordsareused,theyseldomexpressmuchsense.4)Thepassageimpliesauthorsshouldn’tstresstoomuchtheartificialuseofConceitortheexternalbeautyoflanguage,theyshouldpayspecialattentiontoTrueWit,whichisbestsetintheplainstyle.(justastoomanyleaveswillcoverthefruits,toogaudy/showyglasswillhidethefacetheNature,toofalseandeloquentlanguagewillhidetheWitinthearticles.)2.\"LetnotAmbitionmocktheirusefultoil,Theirhomelyjoys,anddestinyobscure;NorGrandeurhearwithadisdainfulsmileTheshortandsimpleannalsofthepoor.Theboastofheraldry,thepompofpower,Andallthatbeauty,allthatwealthe’ergave,Awaitsaliketheinevitablehour.Thepathsofgloryleadbuttothegrave.\"Questions:1)Identifytheauthorandtheworks;2)Whatdoes\"theinevitablehour\"?3)Explainthefirststanza;4)Whatdoesthewholepassageimply.参考答案：1)ThisisThomasGray’s\"ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard\".托马斯·格雷的《写在教堂墓地的挽歌》(P154)2)\"Theinevitablehour\"meanstimeofdeath.(P156)3)Thefirststanzameans:Themenwithambitionandhighpositionshouldn’tlaughattheordinarypeoplefortheirsimplelifeandhardwork.4)Inthepassage,thepoetreflectsonthedeath----nomatterhowpoororwealthy,orhowimportantandhumble,everyisequalbeforedeath,theauthorgivesmuchsympathytothepoorandunknown(P153)III.Questionsandanswers:1.PleaseanalyzetheNeoclassicalperiodandthecharactersoftheliterature.参考答案：1)TheNeoclassicalperiodisabout1660-1798,alsoknownas\"theAgeofEnlightenment\"or\"theageofReason\".2)Itsbackgroundwas:a.Itwasanagefullofconflictsanddifferenceofvalues;b.ItwasanageoffastdevelopmentforEnglishtobecomethefirstpowerfulcapitalistcountryintheworld;c.Itwasanageofeconomicdevelopment,inwhichbourgeois/middleclassgrewrapidly.3)Inessence,theNeoclassicalPeriodwasaprogressiveintellectualmovement.4)TheEnlightenersbelievedinself-restraint,self-relianceandhardwork;Theycelebratedreason/rationality,equalityandscience.Theyadvocateduniversaleducation,whichcouldmakepeoplerationalandprefect,theybelieved.5)Inliterature,TheEnlightenmentMovementbroughtaboutarevivalofinterestintheancientGreekandRomanclassicalworks;theworksatthetime,heavilydidacticandmoralizing;havingfixedlawsandrulesforeverytypeoftheliterature;amongwhichproseandthemodernEnglishnovelpredominatedtheage.(AttheendoftheagesentimentalismandGothicNovelappeared.)6)TheagewasanimportantagewiththeremarkableauthorsPope,Defoe,etc.2.Pleaseciteexamplesfrom\"Gulliver’sTravels\"toexplainbrieflyhowdidSwiftcriticizedandalludetothegovernmentandthesociety.参考答案:1)Inthefirstpartofthe\"Gulliver’sTravels\Swiftdescribedthetricksandpracticesinthecompetitionheldbeforeroyalmemberstoalludetothefactthatthesuccessoftheofficialswasnotfortheirwisdomandexcellencebutfortheirskillsinthegames;2)Inthepart4ofthebook,Swiftmadehorseswithreasonandgoodqualities.Thecitizenswhoare\"hairy,wild,lowanddespicablebrutes,whoresemblehumanbeingsnotonlyinappearancebutalsoinalmosteveryway\"tocriticize/satirizeallrespectsoftheEnglishandEuropeanlife,andurgepeopletoconsiderthenatureofthehumanandlife.(P108-109)3.Peoplealwayssaythat:\"Asamemberofthemiddleclass,Defoespokeforandtothemembersofhisclass\".Howdoyouunderstandthissentence?Pleaseexplainitwiththecharacterofhim.参考答案：1)Inmostofhisworks,Defoegavehispraisetothehard-working,sturdymiddleclassandshowedhissympathyforthelower-classpeople.RobinsonCrusoewassuchacharacter.2)Robisongoesouttosea,getsshipwreckedandmarooned/landedonalonelyisland,strugglestolivefor24yearsthereandfinallyissavedbyashipandreturnstoEngland.DuringtheperiodRobinsonleadsaharshandlonelylifeandsurvivesbygrowingcorps,taminganimals,etc.growingfromanaiveyoungmanintoahardenedman.3)Withagreatcapacityforwork,inexhaustibleenergy(精力充沛),courageandpersistenceinovercomingdifficulties（在克服困难方面持之以恒）,instrugglingagainstnature,Crusoebecomestheprototype/representativeoftheempirebuilder,thepioneercolonist.（他是大英帝国缔造者的完美典范，同时也是殖民者的先驱）．4)Inthenovel,Defoeglorifiedhumanlaborandthepuritanfortitudewhichthemiddleclasspraisedhighly,sohecanberegardedasaspokesmanofthebourgeois.(P98-100)