2016年下半年笔译三级综合能力真题试卷 (题后含答案及解析)
题型有：1. Vocabulary and Grammar 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Cloze Test
PART 1 Vocabulary and Grammar (25 points)This part consists of three sections. Read the directions for each section before answering the questions. The time for this part is 25 minutes.
SECTION 1 Vocabulary SelectionIn the section, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A,B,C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentences. There is only ONE right answer.
1． Many people find Stanley Jordan’s music entertaining. Listening to it helps them to relax and to______the tensions they feel at the end of the day.
A．alter B．alleviate C．allure D．alternate
正确答案：B 解析： (1)句子结构。 题干有两个句子，句子结构都是主动宾补(SVOC)，其中第一句中形容词entertaining作宾语Stanley Jordan’s music的补语，对宾语进行补充说明。第二个句子的主语是一个动名词短语listening to it，谓语为help sb．(to)do sth．结构，其中tensions后接了一个省略了关系代词that的关系从句。 (2)选项词义。 A．alter v.改变性质
B．alleviate v.减轻，缓和 C．allure v.吸引；引诱 D．alternate v.交替 本句大意为“很多人感到斯坦利-乔丹的音乐悦耳怡人，令人身心放松，可缓解忙碌一天之后的压力”。从上下文来看，题干中的第一个关键词是music，而音乐的主要作用是陶冶情操，调节心情；第二个关键词是relax，与此语义匹配并与另一个关键词tensions搭配的词，四个选项中只有alleviate最恰当，故选B项。 【知识拓展】词汇拓展。 有关“减缓压力”的表达：relieve one’s stress；case the pressure(tension)；reduce the stress。
2． In many parts of East Africa at that time, wild animals were so______that it was almost impossible for a photographer to approach close enough to film them.
A．large B．rare
C．numerous D．wary
正确答案：D
解析： (1)句子结构。 本句的结构为主动补(SVC)，主语是wild animals，were为系动词，空格部分为主语补语，介词in+名词短语作地点状语，主语补语部分为一个so…that…结构，表示原因与结果。 (2)选项词义。 A．large adj．大的；较大的；大范围的
B．rare adj．稀有的；难得的；做得嫩的 C．numerous adj．众多的；许多的
D．wary adj．警戒的；警惕的 本句大意为“当时东非许多地方的野生动物都十分警觉，摄影师几乎无法近距离拍摄它们”。从上下文来看，摄影师无法拍摄，其原因无非是动物们过于危险，或过于警惕。 因此，四个选项中，只有D项最符合句意。 【知识拓展】词汇拓展：wary的用法。 ①be wary of sb．／sth．；wary of doing sth． e．g．People did not teach their children to be wary of strangers． 过去人们不会教育孩子提防陌生人。 ②be wary about sth．／doing sth． e．g．They were very wary about giving him a contract． 他们跟他签合同时非常谨慎。
3． The finest films of the silent era depended on two______that we can seldom provide today — a large and receptive audience and a well-orchestrated score.
A．gradients B．focuses C．elements D．thoughts
正确答案：C
解析： (1)句子结构。 主句为主动宾(SVO)结构，宾语后跟that引导的定语从句，修饰elements，破折号后的内容为主句宾语elements的同位语。 (2)选项词义。 A．gradient n．坡度
B．focus n．焦点；焦距；聚焦；中心
C．element n．要素：基础；基本原则；元素
D．thought n．想法；思维；思想 本句大意为“默片时代最经典的电影靠的是众多的知音和精美的配乐，这两个元素是我们今天所欠缺的”。根据上下文，只有elements在词义上最符合句意，因此选C项。
4． Despite their seemingly______architecture, the pyramids of Giza are actually intricate marvels of ancient engineering.
A．romantic B．complex C．classical D．simplistic
正确答案：D
解析： (1)句子结构。 本句的结构：Despite their seemingly______architecture(让步状语)，the pyramids of Giza(主语)are(系动词)actually intricate marvels of ancient engineering(主语补语)。 (2)选项词义。 A．romantic adj．浪漫的；富于浪漫色彩的；传奇性的；耽于幻想的
B．complex adj．由许多部分组成的；合成的；复合的；配合的；络合的 C．classical adj．古希腊文学的；标准的；传统的；经典的
D．simplistic adj．(把复杂问题)过分简单化的 本句大意为“吉萨金字塔看似简单，但实际上是古代纷繁复杂建筑工程的一大奇迹”。根据despite引导的让步状语可知，空格部分需要补充的词在意义上与主句中的intricate形成对比／反义关系；从四个选项来看，只有simplistic最符合句意，因此选D项。 【知识拓展】词汇拓展：有关“复杂的”的表达。 ①complex adj．not easy to analyze or understand；complicated or intricate e．g．The causes are a complex blend of local and national tensions． 原因很复杂，既有地方性冲突也有全国范围的紧张局势。 ②complicated adj．involving many different and confusing aspects e．g．The situation was complicated by the spread of a serious forest fire． 森林火势严重，四处蔓延，这使得形势更加复杂。 ③intricate adj．very complicated or detailed e．g．The building has intricate geometrical designs on several of the walls． 建筑物的几面墙上有复杂的几何图案。 ④mazy adj．like a maze；labyrinthine e．g．They are puzzling through the mazy new rules of the game． 他们正在对迷津似的新比赛规则大伤脑筋。
5． Her pregnancy was not easy: the typical morning sickness that often ____ the first three months affected her every day for nine months.
A．confronted B．harmonized C．accompanied D．developed
正确答案：C
解析： (1)句子结构。 主句是主动补(SVC)结构，冒号之后的句子是对前一句意义的具体说明，其结构为主谓宾(SVO)结构，主语为the typical morning sickness，that从句为sickness的定语从句，affected为谓语动词，her为宾语，every day for nine months为时间状语。 (2)选项词义。 A．confront vt．面对；遭遇；比较
B．harmonize vt．使和谐；使一致；以和声唱 C．accompany vt．陪伴，伴随；伴奏
D．develop vt．开发；进步；使成长；使显影 本句大意为“她的妊娠很不轻松：前三个月的晨吐是大部分孕妇常有的，但她在孕期九个月里每天都受晨吐之苦”。从上下文来看，晨吐是伴随怀孕初期的典型反应，因此，accompany最符合题意，故选C项。
6． Any scientist who is not a hypocrite will admit the important part that______plays in the scientific discovery.
A．project B．research C．genius D．luck
正确答案：D
解析： (1)句子结构。 本句的结构为主动宾(SVO)：Any scientist(主语)who is not a hypocrite(scientist的定语从句)will admit(谓语)the important part(宾语)that______plays in the scientific discovery(part的定语从句)。 (2)选项词义。 A．project n．工程；计划；事业
B．research n．研究；调查
C．genius n．天才，天赋；精神
D．luck n．运气；幸运；带来好运的东西 本句大意为“任何坦诚的科学家都会承认运气在科学发现中所起的重要作用”。在四个选项中，只有luck是一种偶然因素，因此选D项。 【知识拓展】词汇拓展：有关luck的搭配。 ①as luck would have it碰巧；真幸运 e．g．As luck would have it，a doctor happened to be there when he fainted． 说来也巧，他晕倒时幸好旁边有一个医生。 ②be down on one’s luck因一时不走运而没有钱；穷困潦倒 e．g. I have been down on my luck lately：My company went bankrupt． 近来我真倒霉，我的公司破产了。 ③the luck of the draw运气的结果 e．g．Did you always strive for the genre thriller or was it the luck of the draw? 你那时其实一直在努力尝试悬疑类型，还是只是因为一时走运? ④out of luck运气不佳，倒霉 e．g．When we at last reached the railway station，we were out of luck．The train had gone． 我们最终到了车站，但运气不好，火车己开走了。
7． We must be committed______the deep greenhouse gas reductions since we need to avoid the worst outcomes of climate change.
A．on B．with C．in D．to
正确答案：D
解析： (1)句子结构。 主句为主谓结构，主语为we，must be committed to…为谓语，since引导的是原因状语从句。 (2)选项词义。 本题的考查的是commit的搭配。commit的搭配为commit sb．／oneself(to sth．／to doing sth．)(常用被动态)，有“承诺，保证，致力于”等意义。 本句大意为“我们不想面对气候变化带来的最糟结果，所以必须大幅度减少温室气体排放”。从搭配来看，只有选项D正确。 【知识拓展】词汇拓展：有关commit的搭配。 ①commit oneself(to sth．)承诺，答应负责 e．g．The President is committed to reforming health care． 总统承诺要改革医疗制度。 ②commit a crime犯罪；犯下罪行 e．g．He was spurred on by jealousy to commit a crime． 他受嫉妒心驱使而犯罪。 ③commit sth．to memory牢记某事，把某事记住 e．g．She committed the instructions to memory． 她把指令记得很牢。 ④commit sth．to paper／writing把某事写下来 e．g．One of the most effective ways of learning is to commit what you have learned to paper． 最有效的学习方法之一是把你学到的东西写下来。
8． When I was 15, my brother, and then my father, were all______ill, both with
brain tumors. Instead of going to school, I had to stay at home and look after them.
A．treated B．struck C．announced D．driven
正确答案：B 解析： (1)句子结构。 题干由两个句子组成。第一个句子为主动补(SVC)结构，第二个为含并列谓语的主谓宾结构。 (2)选项词义。 A．treat vt．治疗；对待；探讨；视为
B．strike vt．撞击；碰撞；(疾病)侵袭；爆发 C．announce vt．宣布；述说；预示；播报
D．drive vt．发动(机器等)；驾驶(马车，汽车等) 本句大意为“我15岁的时候，弟弟和父亲先后得了脑瘤。我没法去上学，只能待在家里照顾他们”。从上下文来看，这里的动词的意义必须与tumor有关，而在四个选项中，只有strike能构成搭配be struck ill表示“患病”，因此正确选项为B。 【知识拓展】词汇拓展：有关strike的搭配。 ①strike a balance(between A and B)取得平衡，结账 e．g．So future therapies might have to strike a balance between promoting and suppressing oxidative stress． 因此，未来疗法可能要在促进和抑制氧化应激两者之间取得平衡。 ②strike a bargain成交；达成协议 e．g．We’ll make some concession to see if we can strike a bargain． 我们愿做出一些让步，看看这样能否达成交易。 ③strike it rich发现丰富的矿藏；走运 e．g．Don’t look for shortcuts or try to strike it rich overnight． 不要指望走捷径，也不要期望一夜暴富。
9． In Charles Dickens’ A Christmas Carol, Scrooge is a particularly______character, refusing to give his assistant a raise, despite his enormous wealth.
A．mean B．amiable C．generous D．notorious
正确答案：A 解析： (1)句子结构。 句子的主要结构为主动补(SVC)，主语为Scrooge，is为系动词，a particularly______character为主语补语，refusing to give his assistant a raise解释说明character，despite his enormous wealth作让步状语。 (2)选项词义。 A．mean adj.平均的；卑鄙的；吝啬的
B．amiable adj.和蔼可亲的；亲切的
C．generous adj.慷慨的；大方的；宽宏大量的
D．notorious adj.声名狼藉的；臭名昭著的 本句大意为“在查尔斯-狄更斯的《圣诞颂歌》中，斯克鲁奇是一个特别吝啬的人，尽管他拥有巨额财富，却拒绝给他的助手加薪”。从上下文可以推出，refusing to give his assisrant a raise，despite his enormous wealth表现了一个守财奴的形象，因此mean的词义最符合
题意，故选A项。 【知识拓展】词汇拓展。 有关“吝啬”的表达：stingy，niggardly，mean，miserly，penny-pinching，chary。 e．g．Winston was not a stingy man． 温斯顿不是小气之人。 There are many Niggard Images in both Chinese and foreign literature 中外文学中都有很多吝啬鬼形象。 He is miserly with both his time and his money． 他对时间和金钱都很吝啬。 He said your boss is too chary, so you must change your job． 他说你们老板太抠了，你该换工作了。
10． Classroom observation was, no doubt, the most direct means of gaining______into teachers’ English language instruction as well as learners’ classroom behavior.
A．intrusion B．insight C．intuition D．interview
正确答案：B
解析： (1)句子结构。 本句的主要结构为主动补(SVC)，was为系动词，其前后分别是句子的主语和补语，of gaining…behavior是介词词组作名词means的定语。 (2)选项词义。 A．intrusion n．(～into／on／upon sth．)侵入；闯入
B．insight n．(～into sth．)洞察力；洞悉 C．intuition n．直觉；直觉力
D．interview n．接见；采访；面试；面谈 本句大意为“课堂观察无疑是了解学生课堂行为和教师英语教学最直接的手段”。从上下文来看，只有insight从词义到搭配(gain insight into)最符合句意，因此选B项。 【知识拓展】词汇拓展：有关gain的搭配。 ①gain entrance／entry／access to sth．得以进入，接近某物 ②gain ground普及；发展；前进 ③gain time赢得时间；走得快 ④gain in sth．增长；改进；获得；在……方面有进展 ⑤gain on sb．／sth．逼近；超过；侵蚀
11． Although some insist that all behaviors are learned, there are others who hold that some behaviors are______, existing before any learning occurs.
A．negligent B．durable C．innate D．customary
正确答案：C
解析： (1)句子结构。 句首是Although引导的让步状语从句，主句为there are others，who hold…是others的定语从句，其中hold带有一个由that引导的宾语从句。 (2)选项词义。 A．negligent adj.疏忽的；粗心大意的
B．durable adj.耐用的；持久的
C．innate adj.．先天的；固有的；与生俱来的
D．customary adj.习惯的；通常的 本句大意为“有些人坚持认为所有的
行为都是习得的，但也有人认为有些行为是天生的，在学习发生之前就己存在”。由Although引导的让步状语从句可知，句中有完全相反的两种看法，因此所选的词，必然是learned的反义词。从四个选项来看，只有innate符合句意，这一点也可从随后的解释existing before any learning occurs得到印证，因此，选项C为正确答案。
12． Most house fires can be avoided through such simple______as proper education and a well-placed fire extinguisher.
A．procedures B．prohibitions C．precautions D．processes
正确答案：C
解析： (1)句子结构。 句子的主要结构为主谓结构(SV)，主语为most house fires，谓语为can be avoided，through such…为方式状语。 (2)选项词义。 A．procedures n．程序；规程
B．prohibitions n．禁止
C．precautions n．防范；预防措施；预警
D．processes n．过程 本句大意为“进行适当的安全教育，放置便利的灭火器，采取这些简单的预防措施，大多数家庭火灾都可避免”。根据上下文可知，如果采取……，house fires就可以avoided。因此，如果采取“预防措施”，就能避免火灾。故选项C最符合句意。
13． No matter how______snowmobiles are driven, they are capable of damaging the land over which they travel.
A．dangerously B．seriously C．technically D．discreetly
正确答案：D
解析： (1)句子结构。 句首的no matter how…引导让步状语从句，主句的结构为主动补(SVC)，其中，over which they travel为关系从句限定the land。 (2)选项词义。 A．dangerously adv．危险地；可能引起危险地
B．seriously adv．严重地；认真地；严肃地 C．technically adv．技术上；学术上；专业上
D．discreetly adv．谨慎地；小心地 本句大意为“无论怎样小心驾驶，雪地摩托车开过的路面都会受损”。no matter how引导让步状语从句，主句中有表示消极词义的damage，因此可推断从句中必选择与此对应的表示积极意义的词。因此，从词义和搭配来看，选项D最符合句意。 【知识拓展】词汇拓展：有关“小心、谨慎”的表达。 ①circumspect adj.(formal)thinking very carefully about sth．before doing it，because there may be risks involved e．g．The banks should have been more circumspect in their dealings． 那些银行在交易中本该更谨慎的。
②discreet adj．careful in what you say or do，in order to keep sth．secret or to avoid causing embarrassment or difficulty for sb． e．g．I should make a few discreet enquiries about the firm before you sign anything． 我应先审慎打探一下这家公司的底细，然后你再签字。 ③prudent adj．sensible and careful when you make judgments and decisions；avoiding unnecessary risks e．g．The president of the country oscillated between a certain audacity and a prudent realism． 该国总统施政风格时而大胆冒进，时而谨慎务实。 ④cautious adj.～(about sb．／sth．)～(about doing sth．)being careful about what you say or do，especially to avoid danger or mistakes；not taking any risks e．g．They expressed cautious optimism about a solution to the crisis． 他们对解决危机持慎重而乐观的态度。
14． By providing people with information about their electricity use — down to every plugged-in device in a home or business — they can make choices that save money and ______efficiency and convenience.
A．maximize B．intensify C．compress D．facilitate
正确答案：A
解析： (1)句子结构。 By providing…为方式状语，两个破折号之间为解释说明部分，主句的结构为主动宾(SVO)，其中主语为they, 谓语动词为can make，宾语为choices，that从句为定语从句，修饰choices。 (2)选项词义。 A．maximize vt．使……最大化；使(某事物)增至最大限度
B．intensify vt.(使)增强(程度／力量)；(使)加剧(程度／力量) C．compress vt．使压缩(空间)；压紧；精简
D．facilitate vt．帮助(行动／过程)；使促进；助长；使容易 本句大意为“为人们提供用电方面的信息——小到家庭或企业的每一个电源插头的信息——就可以帮助人们做出节能省钱的选择，使用电效率和便利最大化”。从上下文来看，这是有关用电方面的信息，既然是为了save money，就要在efficiency and convenience方面做到最佳，因此从词义来看，只有选项A最符合句意。 【知识拓展】词汇拓展：有关“供给”的表达。 ①supply sb．／sth．(with sth．)或supply sth．(to sb．／sth．) e．g．An insider supplied the police with the names of those involved in the crime． 一位知情者向警方提供了涉案人员的姓名。 ②provide sb．(with sth．)或provide sth．(for sb．) e．g．The hospital has a commitment to provide the best possible medical care for the public． 这家医院承诺要为公众提供最好的医疗服务。 ③furnish sb．／sth．with sth． e．g．She furnished him with the facts surrounding the case． 她向他提供了与案件有关的事实。 ④accommodate sb．(with sth．)(formal) e．g．I have accommodated the press a great deal，giving numerous interviews． 我多次接受采访，已给了报界许多方便。 ⑤feed sb．with sth．或feed sth．to sb． e．g．At least one British officer was feeding him with classified information． 至少有一个英国官员在向他提供机密情报。
15． Nowadays many people are frustrated with serious______, especially when faced with something they do not want to do.
A．delinquency B．deficiency C．delay D．defence
正确答案：C 解析： (1)句子结构。 主句的结构为主动补(SVC)，主语为many people，are为系动词，其余为补语。 (2)选项词义。 A．delinquency n．不法行为；过失；罪过
B．deficiency n．缺乏；不足；缺点；缺陷；不足额 C．delay n．耽搁；延迟；拖延
D．defence n．防御；辩护；防御工事；后卫 本句大意为“如今，许多人对严重的拖延感到懊丧，尤其是当他们面对不愿做的事情时候”。从上下文推测，因为they do not want to do，因此大多数人因严重的拖延症而感到沮丧。从词义和搭配来看，只有选项C最符合句意。
16． It might be a good idea if educators could make knowledge about environmental protection an important part of the______school curricula.
A．regular B．necessary C．intensive D．systematic
正确答案：A
解析： (1)句子结构。 主句的结构为主动补(SVC)，主语为it，might be为系动词，a good idea为主语补语，if引导的是条件状语从句。 (2)选项词义。 A．regular adj.有规律的；规则的；常规的；合格的
B．necessary adj.必需的；必要的 C．intensive adj．加强的；强烈的
D．systematic adj．有系统的；有规则的；有条不紊的 本句大意为“如果教育工作者能把环境保护知识作为学校常规课程的重要组成部分，那或许是个不错的想法”。从上下文来看，教育工作者必须要把某种理念或知识融入日常的教学内容中，才能产生持久的效果。从词义和搭配来看，只有regular最符合句意，因此A为最佳选项。
17． As hard as it is to have an honest dialogue about business decisions, it is even harder to give individuals honest______. This is true for both employees and employers.
A．elaboration B．feedback C．repetition D．conclusion
正确答案：B 解析： (1)句子结构。 题干中有两个句子，在第一个句子中，句首as hard as引导一个让步状语从句，主句的结构为主动补(SVC)，其中主语为it(形式主语)，is为系动词，harder为主语补语，to give…为真正的主语。第二句也是一个SVC结构，it为主语，is为系动词，true为主语补语。 (2)选项词义。 A．elaboration n．认真做；精练；精巧；细致的工作(作品)
B．feedback n．反馈；反馈意见；回授
C．repetition n．重复；重做；重说；重做的事
D．conclusion n．结论：结束；结果；结尾 本句大意为“就商业决策进行诚实对话已经很难，要对个人进行诚实的反馈就更难。 职员和老板莫不如此”。只有feedback符合句意，因此选择B项。
18． Hoping to______the dispute, negotiators proposed a compromise that they felt would be acceptable to both labor and management.
A．resolve B．reverse C．remove D．resist
正确答案：A
解析： (1)句子结构。 主句的结构为主动宾(SVO)，其中主语为negotiators，谓语为proposed，宾语为a compromise，that从句为定语从句，主句之前的hoping to resolve the dispute为现在分词词组作目的状语。 (2)选项词义。 A．resolve v.决心；决定；解决(问题或困难)
B．reverse v.颠倒；倒车；撤销；彻底转变 C．remove v.去除；去掉；移开；免除
D．resist v.抵制；抵抗；抵挡；反抗 本句大意为“为了解决分歧，谈判人员提出了一个他们认为劳资双方都可接受的折中方案”。根据上下文推论：只有______the dispute，才能达成compromise，因此只有resolve的词义符合题意和搭配，故A为最佳选项。
19． The linguist discovered striking similarities between a nearly______language spoken in central Siberia and various languages spoken by native Americans.
A．extinct B．ethnic C．exotic D．erratic
正确答案：A 解析： (1)句子结构。 主句的结构为主动宾(SVO)，主语为The linguist，谓语为discovered，宾语为striking similarities，between a nearly______…为介词词组作定语。 (2)选项词义。 A．extinct adj.(动植物，语言)灭绝的；(习俗，
工作等)消失的
B．ethnic adj．民族的；种族的；具有民族特色的；异国风味的 C．exotic adj．来自异国的；奇异的；异国情调的；异国风味的
D．erratic adj．飘忽不定的；行为古怪，反复无常 本句大意为“这个语言学家发现，在西伯利亚中部使用的一种几乎绝迹的语言和美洲原住民使用的多种语言之间有着惊人的相似之处”。从词义来看，exotic和ethnic均不能与various languages形成对比，因为various languages极有可能既是exotic，也是ethnic，因此可以排除；而选项D的词义不适合修饰语言，因此也可以排除。只有extinct在词义上最符合题意，因此A为最佳选项。 【知识拓展】词汇拓展：ethnic与exotic。 ①ethnic adj．connected with or belonging to a nation，race or people that shares a cultural tradition e．g．ethnic groups少数民族；ethnic strife种族冲突。 ②exotic adj．from or in another country, especially a tropical one；seeming exciting and unusual because it is connected with foreign countries e．g．exotic species外来物种；exotic plant异国植物；exotic fruit异域水果；exotic birds珍奇鸟类；exotic words外来语。
20． John Smith hoped that the committee would not recommend a course of action that would ______an already bad situation in the workplace.
A．compromise B．exacerbate C．negotiate D．formulate
正确答案：B
解析： (1)句子结构。 句子的结构为主动宾(SVO)，主语为John Smith，谓语为hoped，宾语为that引导的宾语从句。在宾语从句中，主语为the committee，谓语为would not recommend，宾语为a course of action，其后的that从句为定语从句，修饰action。(2)选项词义。A．compromise v.让步；违背(原则)；达不到(标准)
B．exacerbate v.加剧
C．negotiate v.谈判；协商；磋商；商定
D．formulate v.制订；准备；规划；构想本句大意为“约翰-史密斯希望委员会提出的行动方案不会让业已严峻的工作境况雪上加霜”。从上下文推论，not recommend，因为会______an already bad situation，因此可以推出此处需要一个含有消极词义的选项。在四个选项中，只有exacerbate符合句意，因此B项为最佳选择。【知识拓展】词汇拓展。有关“加剧，恶化”的表达：aggravate，deteriorate，exacerbate，intensify, sharpen，take a turn for the worse，worsen。e．g．His illness is being aggravated by anxieties．忧虑使他的病情加剧了。There are fears that the situation might deteriorate into full-scale war．人们担心形势可能会恶化，进而演变成一场全面战争。The symptoms may be exacerbated by certain drugs．这些症状可能会因为某些药物而加重。If the international situation continued to intensify, the attack plan called for execution in December．假若国际局势继续恶化，攻击计划应该在十二月执行。With urbanization the antagonism between rich and poor sharpened．随着城市化的推进，贫富间的对立情绪也加剧了。We expect the market
will take a turn for the worse in the near future．我们预计不久市场行情将恶化。This will tend to raise imports，worsen the trade balance，and weaken the domestic currency．这会增加进口，使贸易差额加剧并使本国货币疲软。
SECTION 2 Vocabularly ReplacementThis section consists of 15 sentences; in each sentence one word or phrase is given in the brackets. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A,B,C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the part without causing any grammatical error or changing the basic meaning of the sentence. There is only ONE right answer.
21． They did their best to avoid getting embroiled in the quarrel, preferring to maintain their neutrality as long as possible.
A．involved B．inclined C．indulged D．included
正确答案：A
解析： (1)句子结构。 本句为主谓结构(SV)，其中主语为They, 谓语是did their best，动词不定式to avoid getting embroiled in the quarrel是目的状语，preferring to maintain their neutrality as long as possible分词短语为原因状语。 (2)选项词义。 A．involved adj．有关的；卷入的；复杂的
B．inclined adj.趋向于……的 C．indulged adj.纵容的
D．included adj.包括的；[植]内藏的 句子大意为“他们竭力避免卷入这场争执，更愿意尽可能长期保持中立”。原题中的embroiled意为“卷入的，纠缠不清的”，与选项中的involved词义最为接近，因此选项A正确。
22． Because their roots are external and their leaf bases clasp, palm trees are rigid and upright, yet elastic enough to bend in strong winds.
A．eligible B．flexible C．thin D．soft
正确答案：B
解析： (1)句子结构。 本句because引出原因状语从句，置于句首；主句为主动补(SVC)结构，其中补语有三个形容词，根据语义分别由and和yet连接。 (2)选项词义。 A．eligible adj．合格的，符合条件的：有资格当选的
B．flexible adj．灵活的；柔韧的；易弯曲的 C．thin adj.薄的；瘦的；稀薄的；微弱的
D．soft adj．柔软的；温柔的，温和的；软弱的 句子大意为“因为棕榈树的根向外延展，叶基紧扣在一起，所以此树既刚直挺拔，又非常柔韧，能够抵御强风的吹打”。题干中的elastic意为“有弹性的，易伸缩的”，与选项中的flexible
词义最为接近，因此选项B正确。
23． Clara Brodeur tried hard to pull herself away from her famous mother, the renowned photographer, whose towering reputation rests on the nude portraits she took of her young daughter.
A．notable B．apparent C．conspicuous D．prominent
正确答案：D 解析： (1)句子结构。 本句为主(Clara Brodeur)谓(tried…)结构，其中the renowned photographer为her famous mother的同位语；whose引导非限定性定语从句修饰photographer，其中she took of her young daughter为定语从句限定the nude portraits。 (2)选项词义。 A．notable adj．值得注意的，显著的；著名的
B．apparent adj．显然的；表面上的
C．conspicuous adj．显著的；显而易见的
D．prominent adj．突出的，显著的；卓越的 句子大意为“克莱拉-布洛德的母亲——一位杰出的摄影师——因给年轻的女儿拍摄裸照而声名远播，但女儿竭力想摆脱母亲的影响”。题干中的towering意为“卓越的”，与选项中的prominent词义最为接近，因此选项D正确。
24． The following excerpt is the beginning of a memoir, published in 1989, by a woman who emigrated with her family from Poland to Canada when she was a teenager.
A．dissertation B．introduction C．publication D．selection
正确答案：D
解析： (1)句子结构。 本句结构为The following excerpt(主语)is(系动词)the beginning of a memoir(主语补语)，published in 1989(分词短语作a memoir定语)，by a woman who emigrated with her family from Poland to Canada(who引导的定语从句，修饰a woman)when she was a teenager(when引导的从句，为定语从句的状语)。 (2)选项词义。 A．dissertation n．论文，专题
B．introduction n．介绍；引进；采用；入门；传入 C．publication n．出版；出版物；发表
D．selection n．选择；选集；精选品 句子大意为“下文节选自1989年出版的一本回忆录开篇部分，作者是一名女性，她十几岁时随家人从波兰移民到加拿大”。题干中的excerpt意为“摘录，引用”，与选项中的selection词义最为接近，因此选项D正确。
25． The strong efforts to gain equality for women in the workplace began to show results in the last century: women have since secured positions as research scientists and won wide recognition within their fields.
A．shared B．wanted C．elevated D．obtained
正确答案：D 解析： (1)句子结构。 本句结构为The strong efforts(主语) to gain equality for women in the workplace (不定式作efforts的定语)began to show(谓语)results(宾语)in the last century：women have since secured positions as research scientists and won wide recognition within their fields (冒号表明后面画线句子是对前一个句子的解释说明)。 (2)选项词义。 A．share v.共享；分享
B．want v.受通缉；想得到 C．elevate v.提高；欢欣
D．obtain v.求得：获得；得到 句子大意为“上个世纪争取女性职场平等权益的努力开始取得成效：女性作为科学家已在各自的研究领域赢得了认可与尊重”。题干中的secured意为“获得，得到”，与选项中的obtained词义最为接近，因此选项D正确。
26． Lord Chatham who had the same feeling naturally seconded the proposal, but he wondered why they had to make a choice.
A．substituted B．submitted C．supported D．supervised
正确答案：C 解析： (1)句子结构。 本句结构为Lord Chatham(主语) who had the same feeling naturally (who引导的从句作Chatham的定语)seconded(second在此词性为动词，作谓语)the proposal(宾语)。 (2)选项词义。 A．substitute v.取代，代替
B．submit v.提交，呈递，顺从；屈服 C．support v.支持，拥护，鼓励；援助
D．supervise v.监督；管理；指导；主管 句子大意为“查塔姆勋爵对此有相同的感受，他自然支持这个提议，但不明白为什么他们必须做出选择”。题干中的seconded意为“支持”，与选项C中的supported词义最为接近，故选C。
27． Not one to be easily frightened, the corporal remained composed while the opposing army pressed toward his troop’s position.
A．calm B．cross C．cozy
D．casual
正确答案：A
解析： (1)句子结构。 本句结构为Not one to be easily frightened为the corporal的同位语；the corporal(主语)remained composed(谓语)while the opposing army pressed toward his troop’s position．(状语从句)。 (2)选项词义。 A．calm adj.镇定的；安静的，平静的
B．cross adj．生气的；恼怒的，反向的 C．cozy adj．暖和的；舒适的，亲切友好的
D．casual adj．偶然的；随便的；临时的 句子大意为“下士绝非胆小怕事之人，当敌军向他的阵地逼近时，他依然沉着镇定”。原题中的composed意为“镇静”，与选项中的calm词义最为接近，因此选项A正确。
28． The Internet is rapidly becoming another means of disseminating information traditionally made available through radio and television stations.
A．creating B．interpreting C．spreading D．expressing
正确答案：C
解析： (1)句子结构。 本句结构为The Internet(主语)is rapidly becoming another means of disseminating information(谓语)traditionally made available through radio and television stations(分词短语作information的定语)。 (2)选项词义。 A．create v.创作；创建，造成，授予
B．interpret v.诠释；说明；口译；演绎 C．spread v.展开；传播；散布；扩张
D．express v.表示；表达 句子大意为“互联网正迅速成为传播信息的又一方式，以前的信息是通过听收音机和看电视获得的”。原题中的disseminating意为”传播”，与选项中的spreading词义最为接近，因此选项C正确。
29． Flints’ finds in the region extending from the Nile Valley to the highlands of eastern Iraq testify to the presence of people as long as 100, 000 years ago.
A．prophesy B．demonstrate C．imply D．mention
正确答案：B
解析： (1)句子结构。 本句的结构为Flints’finds(主语，find为名词)in the region(地点状语)extending from the Nile Valley to the highlands of eastern Iraq(分词短语作region的定语)testify to(谓语)the presence of people(宾语)as long as 100，000 years ago(状语)。 (2)选项词义。 A．prophesy v.预告；预言
B．demonstrate v.证明；证实；说明；示范；游行示威
C．imply v.暗示；必然包含；使……有必要
D．mention v.提到；写到；说到 句子大意为“弗林茨在尼罗河河谷到伊拉克东部高地这一地区的发现证明：早在10万年前就有人类存在”。题干中的testify to意为“证明”，与选项中的demonstrate词义最为接近，因此选项B正确。
30． Greg had a premonition that the day would not go well, and just as he feared, he had two important quizzes ahead.
A．prediction B．sensation C．feeling D．intention
正确答案：C
解析： (1)句子结构。 本句的结构为Greg(主语)had a premonition(谓语和宾语)that the day would not go well(画线部分为that引导的从句，作premonition的同位语)。 (2)选项词义。 A．prediction n．预言；预报
B．sensation n．感觉；感受，触觉 C．feeling n．预感，感觉；感触
D．intention n．意图；意向；目的 句子大意为“格雷格预感到这一天不会顺利，果然不出所料，他得参加两个重要的课堂测验”。原题中的premonition意为“预感”，与选项中的feeling词义最为接近，故C项为正确答案。
31． No matter how many readers already revere Amy Tan, their appreciation for her will grow 10 fold after experiencing these unforgettable revelations.
A．value B．admire C．familiarize D．memorize
正确答案：B
解析： (1)句子结构。 本句结构为主谓：No matter how many readers already revere Amy Tan(让步状语从句)，their appreciation for her(主语)will grow(谓语)10 fold(状语)，after experiencing these unforgettable revelations(时间状语)。 (2)选项词义。 A．value v.评价；重视；价值
B．admire v.赞赏；称赞；欣赏
C．familiarize v.使(某人)熟悉；使通晓
D．memorize v.记住，熟记；[计算机科学]存储，记忆 句子大意为“无论崇拜谭恩美的读者有多少，他们在品读她感人至深的作品后，对她的敬重都会再增加10倍”。原题中的revere意为“崇敬”“尊崇”，与选项中的admire词义最为接近，因此选项B为正确答案。
32． A UK study revealed that the children who demonstrated the highest measure of happiness came from families in which both parents worked outside the home.
A．layer B．tier C．degree D．scale
正确答案：C
解析： (1)句子结构。 本句结构为A UK study(主语)revealed(谓语)that the children(加粗部分为宾语从句的主语)who demonstrated the highest measure of happiness(who引导的从句，作children的定语)came from families in which both parents worked outside the home (that引导宾语从句作主句谓语动词revealed的宾语；in+which引导的定语从句作families的定语)。 (2)选项词义。 A．layer n．层，层次；膜
B．tier n．等级；阶梯座位等的一排，一行 C．degree n．度数；程度；学位
D．scale n．规模：比例(尺)；鱼鳞；级别 句子大意为“英国一项研究显示，幸福感最高的孩子来自双亲都在职场工作的家庭”。 原题中的measure意为“程度”，与选项中的degree词义最为接近，因此选项C正确。
33． Gregor was a gifted violinist who was diligent about practicing, showing a dedication to his art that even surpassed his talent.
A．industrious B．ingenious C．incredible D．intelligent
正确答案：A
解析： (1)句子结构。 本句结构为Gregor was a gifted violinist(主句，SVC结构)who was diligent about practicing(who引导的从句作violinist的定语)，showing a dedication to his art that even surpassed his talent(分词短语作伴随状语)。 (2)选项词义。 A．industrious adj.勤劳的；勤恳的，刻苦的
B．ingenious adj．灵巧的；精巧的；设计独特的
C．incredible adj.不可思议的；难以置信的；未必可能的
D．intelligent adj.聪明的；有智力的；[计]智能的 句子大意为“格雷戈尔是小提琴天才，他勤于练习，对艺术的热爱已非其天赋使然”。原题中的diligent意为“勤奋的”“勤勉的”，与选项中的industrious词义最为接近，因此选项A正确。
34． The English language, in particular, is a great arena in which etymologists can explore history through words.
A．source B．origin C．theater D．field
正确答案：D 解析： (1)句子结构。 本句结构为主动补(SVC)，The English language(主语)，in particular, is(系动词)a great arena(主语补语)in which etymologists can explore history through words(which引导的从句作arena的定语，该词前搭配介词in，在从句中表地点)。 (2)选项词义。 A．source n．根源；水源；原因；提供消息的人
B．origin n．原文；原型；原件
C．theater n．剧场；戏剧界；戏剧效果
D．field n．田；(作某种用途的)场地；(学习或研究的)领域 句子大意为“英语尤其是语源学家通过文字研究历史的一个重要领域”。原题中的arena意为“舞台”“竞技场”，在此为比喻，指研究领域，与选项中field词义最为接近，因此选项D正确。
35． Even those who do not concur with Robinson’s views recognize him as a candidate who has courageously refused to compromise his convictions.
A．ally B．agree C．aspire D．argue
正确答案：B
解析： (1)句子结构。 本句结构为主动宾(SVO)，Even those(主语)who do not concur with Robinson’s views(who引导的从句作主语those的定语)recognize him as a candidate(谓语、宾语及宾补)who has courageously refused to compromise his convictions(who引导的从句，作candidate的定语)。 (2)选项词义。 A．ally v.(使)联盟，(使)同盟；(使)联姻
B．agree v.同意，赞同
C．aspire v.渴望，立志，追求
D．argue v.坚决主张；提出理由证明；说服，劝告 句子大意为“即使不赞同罗宾逊观点的那些人也承认他是一位坚守信念、拒绝妥协的候选人”。题干中的concur意为“同意”“互助”，与选项中的agree词义最为接近，因此选项B正确。
36． The two knights engaged in a perilous fight. It would not end until one of them lay dead on the ground.
A．serious B．divided C．risky D．humble
正确答案：C
解析： (1)句子结构。 本题句子结构简单，容易辨识，主要检测词汇辨析。 (2)选项词义。 A．serious adj．严重的；重要的；严肃的；认真的
B．divided adj.分裂的；有分歧的
C．risky adj.有危险(或风险)的
D．humble adj.谦逊的；虚心的；(级别或低位)低下的，卑微的 句子大意为“两个骑士进行了一场生死决斗。直到其中一人倒地身亡，决斗才会结束”。题干中的perilous意为“危险的”“艰险的”，与选项中的risk词义最为接近，故选项C正确。
37． A study shows that while some women continued to outpace men in achievements, they ceased making real progress at the top of an organization.
A．stopped B．retarded C．contained D．prevented
正确答案：A
解析： (1)句子结构。 本句结构为A study(主语)shows(谓语)that while some women continued to outpace men in achievements，(that引导的宾语从句，while在此意为“尽管”，引导宾语从句中的让步状语从句)they ceased making real progress at the top of an organization(宾语从句的主句)。 (2)选项词义。 A．stop v.停止；堵塞；断绝
B．retard v.延迟；阻止；妨碍 C．contain v.包含；控制；容纳
D．prevent v.预防，防止；阻止 句子大意为“研究表明：一些女性的成就不断超越男性，但她们升至机构高层后却难以取得真正进展”。题干中cease意为“中止”“结束”，与选项stop词义最为接近，故选项A正确。
38． Jane felt wishy-washy about whether to go to the party or not. On the one hand, it seemed like fun, but on the other, it was very boring.
A．amicable B．ambient C．amiable D．ambivalent
正确答案：D
解析： (1)句子结构。 本题句子结构简单，容易辨识，主要检测词汇辨析。 (2)选项词义。 A．amicable adj．心平气和的；友善的
B．ambient adj．周围环境的；周围的；产生轻松氛围的 C．amiable adj．和蔼可亲的；亲切友好的
D．ambivalent adj．(忧喜参半、好坏参半等)矛盾情绪的 句子大意为“简拿不定主意要不要去参加晚会。一方面，晚会似乎很有趣，另一方面，又觉得索然无味”。原题中的wishy-washy意为“不清楚的”“不坚定的”，与选项中的ambivalent词义最为接近，故选项D正确。
39． It is reported that several kinds of turtles have lived more than 30 years in captivity, but in natural environments, some can live as long as 50 years.
A．confinement B．concealment C．custody D．cage
正确答案：A
解析： (1)句子结构。 本句有两个分句构成，第一个分句结构为It(形式主语)is reported(谓语)that several kinds of turtles have lived more than 30 years in captivity(逻辑主语)。 (2)选项词义。 A．confinement n．禁闭；监禁；关押
B．concealment n．隐藏；隐瞒；掩盖
C．custody n．监护；保管；监护权；拘押
D．cage n．笼子；牢房，监狱 句子大意为“据报道，有几种海龟在圈养下活了30多年，但在自然环境中，有些海龟寿命可长达50年”。原题中的captivity意为“监禁”“圈养”，与选项中的confinement词义最为接近，故选项A正确。
40． As a tradition, important persons in the town would stand up in front of their communities to give the oration on July 4 each year.
A．eloquence B．speech C．topic D．content
正确答案：B 解析： (1)句子结构。 本题句子结构为主动(SV)结构，主语为important persons，谓语为would stand up，动词不定式to give the oration on July 4 each year为目的状语。 (2)选项词义。 A．eloquence n．口才；雄辩
B．speech n．演讲；发言；说话方式 C．topic n．话题；题目；标题
D．content n．内容；主题；含量；满足 句子大意为“作为传统，每年7月4日该镇的重要人物给自己所在社区群众发表演说”。题干的oration意为“演说”“致辞”，与选项speech词义最为接近，因此选项B正确。
SECTION 3 Error CorrectionThis section consists of 15 sentences; in each sentence there is a part given in the brackets that indicates a grammatical error. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A,B,C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the part so that the error is corrected. There is only ONE right answer.
41． Only since the publication of her first novel, Olivia has been considering herself a true writer.
A．Olivia considered B．has Olivia considered C．was Olivia considering
D．could Olivia be able to consider
正确答案：B 解析： (1)画线部分错误分析。 本题考点为only的倒装结构。副词only置于句首时，句子的主语和谓语需倒装。only后面接了时间状语since the publication of her first novel，而题干中Olivia has been considering herself a true writer为陈述句语序，未进行倒装，且进行时表示持续进行的行为，与consider语义不符。 (2)选项分析。 “only+状语”位于句首时，句子要倒装。A选项为陈述句语序，未倒装，可排除。其他三个选项为倒装形式，可从时态来判断。since后接名词短语the publication of her first novel作时间状语，主语应该用完成体。因此只有选项B符合语法要求。 【知识拓展】(1)语法拓展：句首only+状语引起倒装。 句首是only+状语时，主语和谓语的位置常倒装。 e．g．Only after they had performed hundreds of experiments did they succeed in solving the problem． 在做了几百次实验之后，他们才把这一问题解决了。 (2)短语拓展：有关“出版”的表达。 e. g．It will come off the press in the first half of next year． 它明年上半年可以出版。 When is her new novel coming out? 她的新小说何时出版? University teachers are trader pressure to publish． 大学教师有发表论文的压力。 I could hardly wait for Boys’World to appear each month． 每个月我都翘首期盼《男孩世界》的出版。
42． It was said that the board of directors decide to put Peter in charge of the work.
A．decided B．has decided C．had decided D．have decided
正确答案：C 解析： (1)( )画线部分错误分析。 本题考查主句与从句时态的一致性。题干中主句It was said that…用过去时态，从句the board of directors decide to…用了现在时态，主句和从句时态不一致。一般来讲，主句的谓语动词为过去时态时，从句需使用某一过去时态。 (2)选项分析。 根据上述分析，主句的谓语动词为过去时态时，从句需使用过去某一时态。选项B、C均为现在完成体，可排除。而主、从句表示的动作都发生在过去，且有先后顺序，decide的动作发生在said之前，因此decide用过去完成体had decided，因此选项C正确。 【知识拓展】语法拓展：主、从句时态的一致性。 通常主句谓语的时态决定从句谓语的时态。若从句动作与主句动作同时发生，从句用一般过去时或过去进行时；若从句动作发生在主句动作之前，从句要用过去完成时；若从句动作发生在主句动作之后，从句要用过去将来时。当从句表示客观事物或真理或人们已经公认的道理时，其时态不受主句谓语动词的时态的影响。即使主句谓语动词使用了过去时的某种时态，从句的时态仍然是现在的某种时态。 e．g．It was known long ago that Professor Einstein played a key role in the development of the theory of relativity. 人们早已知道，爱因斯坦教授对相对论的发展起了关键作用。 Each of the major glacial stages produces distinctive land forms that remain long after the glacier has disappeared． 每一主要冰河期都产生特殊地形，这种地形一直
保留到冰川消失后很久。
43． We believe that the parcel will reach you safely by the time you read the mail.
A．reaches
B．will have reached C．has reached D．would reach
正确答案：B
解析： (1)画线部分错误分析。 本题考查by the time的用法。句子的主干部分为We believe that the parcel will reach you safely; by the time you read the mail为时间状语从句，表示“在……之前”。by the time作时间状语时，句子应使用相应的完成体，而题干中为一般将来时will reach。 (2)选项分析。 根据上述分析，by the time作时间状语时，主句应使用相应完成体，由此可直接排除选项A和D；选项C中为现在完成时，表示动作已完成，不合要求；只有选项B使用了将来完成时，符合句意与语法要求。 【知识拓展】语法拓展：by the time的用法。 by the time为介词短语，后可接从句，意为“在……之前”，强调一个动作在另外一个动作之前已完成，因而与by the time搭配的主句要用完成体。常见的句型有： ①表示过去的动作，主句用had done+by the time+从句，从句用一般过去时。 e．g．By the time he woke up，remembered the race and started running，he saw that the tortoise had already reached the finish line and won． (兔子)醒来时，想起了比赛，于是开始跑起来，却发现乌龟早已到达终点，赢得了比赛。 ②表示将来的动作，主句用will have done+by the time+从句，从句用一般现在时。 e．g．By the time he’s twenty he’ll know everyone worth knowing in Washington． 到20岁时，他就会认识华盛顿所有值得认识的人。
44． This method saved half the labor that will be needed to move all the books downstairs.
A．would need
B．would be needed C．would have needed
D．would have been needed
正确答案：D
解析： (1)画线部分错误分析。 本题考查含蓄式虚拟语气的用法。题干中的that从句表示与过去事实相反的情形，应当选用表过去时间的虚拟语气；此外，that引导的定语从句，其先行词为labor，它在从句中作主语，根据句意，定语从句应选用被动语态。 (2)选项分析。 根据上述分析，that从句中谓语动词应当用被动语态，由此可知选项A和选项C不可选；would be needed是表示对现状的虚拟，因而选项B可排除；根据句意需要选用表示过去的虚拟形式would have been needed，因此选项D正确。 【知识拓展】语法拓展：含蓄条件句。 很多情况下，在表示假设的虚拟语气中，有时假设的条件并不以条件
从句的形式表达，而是通过上下文或句中内在的逻辑关系，或用其他形式表达出来，我们称之为“含蓄条件句”。含蓄条件句主要通过名词、连接词、不定式、分词、动名词短语、介词短语及分句来暗示。常用来表示虚拟条件的介词有with，without，in，under, but for等，它们表示的虚拟条件都可以被if从句替换。 e．g．Without air, there would be no living things．(without air=if there were no air) 没有空气，便没有生物。 But that I saw it(=If I had not seen it)，I could not have believed it． 要不是亲眼所见，我是不会相信的。 Seen from a high mountain(=If it were seen from a high mountain)，the field in which wheat is growing would look like a great green sea． 倘若从高山上看，麦田就像一片碧绿的大海。 An honest man would not say this．(=If the man were honest，he wouldn’t say this．) 诚实的人不会说这种话。
45． Sally appears being a hard time convincing her husband to give up smoking. A．to be
B．have been C．to be having D．having had
正确答案：C 解析： (1)画线部分错误分析。 本题第一个考点为appear的用法。appear用作连系动词，可表示“看来、好像、似乎”，其后可接动词不定式或that从句，也可接名词或形容词作表语；第二个考点为a hard time前的动词搭配，固定短语为have a hard time或者give a hard time。 (2)选项分析。 根据appear的用法，appear之后的动词应为不定式，因此排除选项B和D。选项A中to be用法错误，应选用固定搭配have a hard time doing sth．，因此选项A可排除；只有选项C符合要求。 【知识拓展】近义词辨析：look，seem与appear。 look，seem可表示“似乎、好像、看起来”，look指视觉印象，appear指外表给人的印象，这两者可能是真相也可能是假象。appear的不确定性更大一些，seem侧重指根据某种迹象做出的推断，也不一定是事实。这三个词后均可接动词不定式，但look之后一般只限于to be且较少见。look还可使用look like／as if／as though的结构。
46． Jennie is going to make a call and it rang. A．was about... when B．is about... when C．was about... while D．is about... while
正确答案：A
解析： (1)画线部分错误分析。 本题考查时态一致性问题。题干有两个分句，若用and连接，两个分句时态一般是一致的，但题干中分句①Jennie is going to make a call是一般现在时，而分句②it rang是一般过去时，出现时态一致性方面的错误。此外，根据句意推断，两个分句不是并列关系，不可用and连接。 (2)选项分析。 “be about+动词不定式”意为“立即或正要做某事”或
“似乎立即或正要做某事”，“电话响”这一事件已经发生，原句为过去时，因此分句①也应当使用过去时态，表示“过去的某个时刻正要做某事”，选项B和选项D均为现在时态，与过去时态不一致，可直接排除．be about to do通常与连词when连用，而不用while，因此选项C错误；只有选项A符合句意与语法要求。
47． No other quality is more important for an armyman to acquire like to obey a military order.
A．so as to B．than to C．just as to D．as to
正确答案：B
解析： (1)画线部分错误分析。 本题考查no other…+形容词(副词)比较级+than结构的用法。根据句意，more important为比较级，需要与than搭配，因此正确的句子应为No other quality is more important for all arrnyrnan to acquire than to obey a military order。 (2)选项分析。 选项A中的so as to意思是“为了……”，相当于in order to，选项C和D表示“像……”；根据上述分析，只有选项B体现了no other…+比较级+than来表示最高级的形式。 【知识拓展】语法拓展：表示最高级的短语结构。 ①the+最高级+of+所属范围 e．g．Silk is the strongest of all natural fibers，ranking in strength with the synthetic fiber nylon． 在所有天然纤维中，丝是最结实的，其强度与合成纤维尼龙相当。 ②比较级+than any of the others／any of the other+名词复数 e．g．The horse was lame because with one foot he left a track much lighter than any of the others． 这匹马腿瘸，因为它一只蹄子留下的蹄印比别的蹄印浅。 ③no／no one／nobody／nothing…+比较级+than e．g．Nothing in the world is more expensive than his books． 世界上没有比他的书更珍贵的东西了。 ④比较级+than anybody／anything else e．g．He thought the Prime Minister a wise，honest man who was fitter for his office than anyone else． 他认为首相是个睿智而诚实的人，比任何人都更适合担任首相一职。
48． If the food were as dangerous as some people think, more lot of us would be getting sick.
A．more a lot of us B．a lot of more us C．a lot more of us D．a lot of us more
正确答案：C
解析： (1)画线部分错误分析。 本题考点是more作为代词时，a little，a lot，any等副词修饰语的位置，这些修饰语均前置。 (2)选项分析。 根据上述分析，a lot of修饰more时，应放在more之前，因此只有选项C正确。
49． The science of agriculture, which we owe a great deal, is perhaps the most important of all the sciences.
A．for which B．with which C．in which D．to which
正确答案：D
解析： (1)画线部分错误分析。 本题考查非限定性定语从句关系词前的介词搭配。题干的定语从句先行词为The science of agriculture，定语从句中谓语应为owe…to这一固定短语，the science of agriculture在定语从句中作介词to的宾语，而题干中which前的介词to缺失，因而错误。 (2)选项分析。 根据上述分析，关系词which前的介词需要与定语从句中的owe构成搭配，而owe通常与介词to搭配，只有选项D正确。
50． It is true that to find trained people is more difficult than we get financial support for a research project.
A．getting B．to getting C．get D．to get
正确答案：D
解析： (1)画线部分错误分析。 本题考查比较级的用法。原句中it作形式主语，that引导主语从句，结构为to find trained people(不定式作真正的主语)is more difficult than we get financial support for a research project，谓语为比较级结构more…than…；两个画线部分为相比较内容，因此二者语法形式应一致，we get也应选用不定式结构to get。 (2)选项分析。 根据上述分析，to get financial support应与to find trained people…的语法形式相同，因此选项D正确。
51． The reason the hills were natural places for planting fruit trees was since there is more sunlight.
A．for B．that C．what D．because
正确答案：B
解析： (1)画线部分错误分析。 本题考查固定搭配。当名词reason作主语且带定语(或同位语)从句时，其结构搭配为the reason(why)…is that…。 (2)选项分析。 如上所述，本题中表语从句中的主语是the reason，因此画线部分应为that，所以选项A、C、D均错误，故本题正确答案是B。 【知识拓展】语法拓展：表语从句。 表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语，位于系动词之后，用来说明主语身份、特征、属性或状态。可以引导表语从句的关系词： ①从
属连词：that，whether，if(是否) e．g．The fact is that we have lost the game． 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。 It remains to be seen whether or not this idea can be put into practice． 这一想法能否付诸实践还有待于观察。 ②关系代词：who(谁，主格)，whom(谁，宾格)，whose(谁的，所有格)，what(什么)，which(哪个，哪些) e．g．You can imagine what it would be like driving a car into a brick wall at 30 miles an hour． 你可以想象汽车以每小时30英里的速度撞向一堵砖墙结果会怎样。 What I want to know is which road we should take． 我想知道的是我们应走哪条路。 ③关系副词：when(什么时候)，where(什么地方)，why(为什么)，how(怎样) e．g．People began looking across to see where the noise was coming from． 人们开始四下察看，想弄清楚那声响来自何处。 We don’t know the reason why they have broken up with each other． 我们不知道他们的关系为何破裂。
52． An ambulance was pulling over. Somebody would be hurt or sick somewhere nearby.
A．must be
B．should have been C．should be
D．must have been
正确答案：D
解析： (1)画线部分错误分析。 本题的考点为情态动词must的用法。①must have done表示对过去某事的肯定猜测，其否定或疑问形式都用can’t／couldn’t have done来表示。②must do表示对现在发生或者将来发生的事情的肯定猜测，否定形式为can’t do。 本题中由第一句可知谓语动词是was doing，是过去进行体，因此画线部分应是对过去某事的肯定猜测，因此画线部分应为must have been。 (2)选项分析。 根据以上所述，可知画线部分是对过去发生的事情的猜测，因此排除A和C选项；而should have done意为“过去本应该做某事却未做”，可用于虚拟语气也可用于猜测用法，在这里与题意不符，故排除，所以本题的正确答案是D。 【知识拓展】语法拓展：情态动词should的用法。 (1)should仅作为情态动词 ①表示“应该，应当”(常用于纠正别人) e．g．You shouldn’t drink and drive． 你不该酒后驾车。 ②表示“该，可以”(提出或征询建议) e．g．Should I call him and apologize? 我是不是应该打电话向他道歉? ③表示“应该会，可能”(表示预期) e．g．The voters should by now be in no doubt what the parties stand for． 选民们现在应该确切知道各党派的主张了。 (2)should have done ①虚拟语气用法：表示与过去事实相反的情形，意为“本来应该做某事但实际没有做”。 e．g．It was an easy test and he should have passed，but he didn’t． 那个测试很容易，他本来应该通过的，但却没有。 ②推测用法：should可以用来谈论预期的、意料的事情。其中should do是对现在或将来的预期，而should have done是对过去事情的推测。 e．g．It should be a nice day tomorrow． 明天应该是个好天气。 注：推测用法和虚拟用法的不同点在于，推测用法是不知道确切的结果，而虚拟用法是已经知道结果或事实与预期不符。
53． Her parents must not receive any message about her. They don’t know what has happened to her.
A．must not have received B．ought not to receive
C．not ought to have received D．not ought to receive
正确答案：A
解析： 选项分析。 本题的考点为must have been表示猜测的用法，而ought to的意思是“应当，应该”，其否定形式为ought not to，故排除选项C和D；画线部分用ought to不符题意，故排除，所以本题正确答案为A。 【知识拓展】语法拓展：ought to的否定式。 ought to是情态动词，意为“应当”“应该”，后接动词原形。ought to的否定形式是ought后直接加not构成，其否定形式可缩写为oughtn’t。在疑问句中将ought提到主语之前。 e．g．You oughtn’t to have crossed the road when the lights were red． 你不该在红灯时过马路。 Who ought I to address my request to? 我该向谁提出申请?
54． My father used to make me repeating his instructions to make sure that I knew what I was doing after he had gone to work.
A．repeat... do B．to repeat... do C．repeat... to do D．to repeat... to do
正确答案：C
解析： (1)画线部分错误分析。 本题的考点为使役动词make的用法以及不定式to do表示将来动作或行为的用法。 make作使役动词意为“使成为”“使作为”“使变成”，其后的复合宾语如果是动词时，需要用动词原形，即make sb．do sth．。所以画线部分不应该用分词形式，而应该用动词原形repeat。根据句意可知，第二个画线部分动作应发生在he had gone to work之后，意为“在我父亲上班以后”，因此不能用过去进行体，应该用to do表示将来的动作或行为。 (2)选项分析。 根据以上所述，使役动词make后接动词为动词原形，因此排除选项B和D。又因第二个画线部分前有was，因此不能直接加动词原形do，所以A选项错误，因此本题的正确答案为C，即be to表示将来。 【知识拓展】词汇拓展：used to与be used to。 ①used to表示过去的习惯性动作，常译作“过去常常”。 e．g．He used to keep on at me about the need to win． 他以前总是跟我唠叨必须获胜才行。 ②be used to do表示“被用来做某事”。 e．g．Acupressure is used to release tension spots in the shoulders and neck． 指压按摩用于缓解肩部和颈部的紧张。 ③be used to doing表示“习惯于”某一客观事实或状态，不强调动作，其中的to是介词，后面接名词或动名词。 e．g．I found the job tiring at first but I soon got used to it． 起初我觉得这份工作很累人，但很快就习惯了。
55． No one could understand him postponing in making the decision until it was
too late to do so.
A．his postponing to make B．why he postponed making C．him to postpone to make D．him to postpone making
正确答案：B 解析： (1)画线部分错误分析。 本题考查非谓语动词以及动词postpone的用法。动词postpone意为“延迟，延期，延缓”，其固定搭配是postpone doing sth．，而画线部分postpone in属搭配错误。 (2)选项分析。 根据postpone doing sth．可以直接排除选项A和C中的不定式to make。又因动词understand后亦跟动名词(短语)作宾语，画线部分可用动名词的复合结构，故排除选项D的to postpone不定式结构，所以本题的正确答案是B。
56． My PC is out of order, the experiment has to be put off. A．being B．was C．be
D．has been
正确答案：A
解析： (1)画线部分错误分析。 本题考查独立主格结构。本句的两个分句没有任何连词，而逗号不能连接两个句子，并且两个分句的逻辑不清。从语义判断，the experiment has to be put off是结果，因此第一个句子可以处理为独立主格结构表示原因，即“逻辑主语+being+补足语”。 (2)选项分析。 根据以上所述，为了表明两个分句的逻辑关系，画线部分不能出现限定性的谓语动词，可以直接排除B，C和D三个选项，所以正确答案为独立主格结构being，即选项A。 【知识拓展】词汇拓展：有关机器或设备“有故障”的表达。 The machine is out of condition． 这台机器坏了。 The telephone was out of order, but is functional now． 电话刚才坏了，但现在可以用了。 The machinery broke down． 机器坏了。 They were trapped after the lift went out of action． 电梯出现故障，他们被困在里面了。 With so many machines out of commission，how can we finish the work in time? 这么多机器坏了，我们怎么能及时完成工作呢?
57． He was told the whole story, John decided not to see the film. A．Telling B．Having told C．Been told
D．Having been told
正确答案：D
解析： (1)画线部分错误分析。 本题的考点为现在分词的完成体用法。本句的两个分句之间没有任何连词，因此逻辑关系不明，而现在分词的完成体表
示其动作在谓语动词的动作之前完成，本题的“听故事”这个动作先于“决定去电影”，所以画线部分应该用having been told。 (2)选项分析。 本题中，主语John和tell the story之间是被动关系，故排除选项A和B，C选项的过去分词been用法错误，而现在分词的完成体可以表示其动作在谓语动词的动作之前完成，所以本题的正确答案是D。
58． Bob refused a good salary job and said he might refuse even if they may offer him twice as much.
A．would refuse ... offered
B．could have refused ... had offered C．could refuse ... might offer D．would have refused ... offering
正确答案：B
解析： (1)画线部分错误分析。 本题考查虚拟语气的用法。虚拟语气在if非真实条件句中的用法如下：本题主句的谓语动词refused是过去式，因此从句是对过去事实的假设，if从句的形式为had done，主句为主语+would／should／could／might+have done，所以第一个画线部分应是could have refused，第二个画线部分是had offered。(2)选项分析。根据以上所述，本题是对过去事实所做的相反的假设，A选项是对现在事实相反的假设，C和D选项本身语法错误，所以本题的正确答案是B。
59． It is only because by an exercise of self-control thus he could concentrate on his reading with noises outside.
A．It was only ... then B．Being only ... had C．It was only ... that D．Only ... that
正确答案：C
解析： (1)画线部分错误分析。 本题的考点为强调句的用法。一般陈述句的强调句型是It is／was+被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+that／who(当强调主语指人)+其他部分。 e．g．It was in this factory that my father used to work． 我父亲过去是在这家工厂工作的。 英语中没有诸如It is only because…thus…此类表达。 (2)选项分析。 根据以上所述，强调句的句型是It is／was…that／who…，符合强调句句型的只有选项C，所以本题的正确答案是C。 【知识拓展】短语拓展。 有关“全神贯注于……”的表达：give one’s whole attention／mind to；apply／bend the mind to：be absorbed／engrossed／immersed in；be preoccupied with；concentrate on；all ears。
60． Computers will develop more successfully because they enable us to fulfill tasks that wasn’t able to undertake ever before.
A．couldn’t be undertaken
B．mustn’t have been undertaken
C．could never before have been undertaken D．would never before have undertaken
正确答案：C
解析： (1)画线部分错误分析。 本题的考点为could表示“可能”的用法。can和could都可以表示“猜测”，相当于汉语的“有可能”，一般不分时态，具体区别如下： ①表示理论上的可能性，可用can(表现在)或could(表过去)。 e．g．Even experts can make mistakes． 即使是专家也可能会出差错。 ②表示现实可能性，即可指将来可能性也可指现在可能性。 e．g．We could go to Japan this summer． 今年夏天我们可能要去日本。 ③用语虚拟语气时只能用could。 e．g．If I could go with you，I should feel very glad． 假如我能同你们一起去，我会感到非常高兴。 ④could have done表示过去本来可能发生的情况，而实际上没有发生，通常译为“本来可以”“本来可能”等。 e．g．I could have passed my examination easily but I made too many stupid mistakes． 我本可以轻易通过考试，但我犯了太多不该犯的错误。 本题是对过去的可能性所做的论断，所以应是could never before have been undertaken。(2)选项分析。本题中，因为是对过去的可能性所做的论断，所以排除选项A；must have done是对过去发生的事情的肯定猜测，与题意不符，故排除；D选项为虚拟语气在if非真实条件句中的用法，所以本题的正确答案是C。
PART 2 Reading Comprehension (55 points)In this part you will find a number of questions or unfinished statements after each passage. You must choose one letter (marked A,B,C, and D) you think fits best. The time for this part is 75 minutes.
Why do readers of New Scientist continue to get steamed up about race? After all, it can be used as an innocuous technical term by anthropologists. But all too often discussions of “race” lead to “racism”, and tempers begin to fray. Before the 18th century, race merely described a group of common cultural origin, not one defined by immutable characteristics. Unfortunately, this usage changed as the Western powers colonized Asia and Africa and needed a way to characterize the peoples they subjected as not only different, but inferior. A long list of scientists helped to “classify” the races. Among them were some of the famous names of the 18th and 19th centuries: Linnaeus, Cuvier, Haeckel, Huxley and Buffon. Although their classifications rarely agreed, many accepted that the races were fundamentally different and could be arranged with Caucasians at the top. Only after the Darwinian evolution and the emergence of genetics did the notion of a league table start to crumble. By the 1940s, UNESCO could emphatically state: “Racism falsely claims that there is a scientific basis for arranging groups hierarchically in terms of psychological and cultural characteristics that are immutable and innate.” That groups cannot be arranged hierarchically does not mean that anthropologists cannot set up classifications which divide people into different groups, or that such classifications will not be useful, as several of our latter writers point out. For example, they can provide vital tools (along with language distribution) to reconstruct
the prehistoric movements of peoples. Where genetic data are available, these reconstructions can be greatly refined. In other contexts, such classifications are misleading. Many of the differences they record (including facial features, skin and hair color) are most probably superficial adaptations to local climate. Although useful as indicators of the origin of different groups, they imply nothing fundamental about differences between them. Attempts to assess more important differences between groups (of any number of cognitive abilities, for example) always come to the same very well-known conclusion — that the differences between individuals within one racial group are much larger than the differences between the average members of two such groups. What this means is that it is impossible to say anything about a particular individual’s ability because of his or her race (however, defined) because the spread of variation within a race is larger than the average difference between races. Racism can thus receive no support from science, even though a classification of races can be scientifically useful. Lay people sometimes put more faith in the concept of race than scientists do, perhaps because they believe they can quite easily identify a person’s race or even nationality. But it’s not that easy: our correspondent from Le Vesinet, for example, identified some of the people in our recent feature (“Genes in Black and White”) as Australian, Sicilian, Sumatran and Brazilian. In fact, they came from Sweden, Greece, the Central African Republic and Russia.
61． The phrase “steamed up” underlined in Paragraph 1 means______. A．vaporized B．interested C．agitated D．scared
正确答案：C
解析： 词义界定。短语steamed up出现在第一段第一句“Why do readers of New Scientist continue to get steamed up about race”，对于这个问题的原因，随后有一句“But all too often discussions of‘race’lead to‘racism’，and tempers begin to fray”可供参考。于是，语义逻辑就清楚了：为什么《新科学家》的读者对于种族问题一直……呢?(因为)关于种族的讨论往往沦为“种族主义”，于是，人们渐渐沉不住气了。根据原因推导，steamed up的意思是“生气，激动，怒火中烧”，因此选择C。【知识拓展】在遇到生词时，除了根据构词规律判断词义外，还可以借助语境线索来推导，如定义、同位语、定语，举例说明，近义词或近义表述，对比关系，并列关系，条件一结果关系，因果关系(如本题)，转折关系等。这些都可能是命题的着眼点。
62． Before the 18th century, the word “race” was used______. A．to describe the people of common origin and culture B．by anthropologists for classifications of races C．to indicate the hierarchy of different groups D．rarely by ordinary people
正确答案：A
解析： 细节识别。根据第一段“Before the 18th century, race merely described a group of common cultural origin，not one defined by immutable characteristics”可知，十八世纪前，种族一词仅用来描述一群有共同文化渊源的人，而非用一成不变的特征来界定。其中的a group of common cultural origin和选项A的the people of common origin and culture属于近义表述(或日换语重述)。【知识拓展】这类细节识别题比较容易解，只需根据关键词(如本题的race或18th century)找到原文表达，再比对原文与选项即可。有的还需进行语义推理，考查的阅读技能更复杂。
63． Some Western colonizers thought that they were______. A．arrogant B．weak C．inferior D．superior
正确答案：D
解析： 细节识别。根据第一段“This usage changed as the Western powers colonized Asia and Africa and needed a way to characterize the peoples they subjected as not only different，but inferior”可知，随着西方列强在亚洲和非洲的殖民，他们需要一种方式来描述那些受他们奴役的人民，这些人不仅非我族类，而且是劣等民族。于是，种族的用法改变了。题干部分提到的是colonizers(殖民者)，那么在他们看来，自己是优等民族(superior)，所以选择D。【知识拓展】同样是细节识别题，本题比上题略微复杂，需要做一定的推理。原文是从殖民者角度看被殖民者的，用的词是inferior；题干是从殖民者角度看待自己的，所以需要反义词superior。
64． The classification of races by famous 18th- and 19th-century scientists were______.
A．useful
B．hierarchical C．valuable D．significant
正确答案：B 解析： 语义推理。根据第二段“Although their classifications rarely agreed，many accepted that the races were fundamentally different and could be arranged with Caucasians at the top”可知，尽管对他们的分类很少达成一致意见，但许多人都接受的观点是：种族之间存在根本性区别，而白种人(高加索人)至上。根据at the top可判断，他们认为种族之间存在等级，有高下之分。故B为正确选项。【知识拓展】语义推理(semantic inference)指的是依据词项之间的语义关系进行的推理。例如，从“白种人在顶部”可推出“有的人在底部”和“种族有高下之分”等。这种推理依据的是词项“种族”“白人”与“其他种族人”之间的语义关系。
语义推理主要有三类：①同义关系推理；②上下义关系推理；③反义关系推理。这种语义推理也是种必然性推理，其推理的有效性是以正确分析词项的语义结构为基础，以恰当把握词项间的语义关系为前提的。由于语义推理是脱离特定语境而独立进行的，因而它不同于依赖特定语境的语用推理。
65． The Darwinian evolution and the emergence of genetics helped to______. A．promote the notion of a league table B．get rid of the notion of a league table C．establish the UNESCO
D．arrange groups hierarchically
正确答案：B
解析： 细节识别。根据第三段“Only after the Darwinian evolution and the emergence of genetics did the notion of a league table start to crumble”可知，只有在达尔文进化论和遗传学出现后，种族排行的概念才开始瓦解，据此可以判断，选项B与本句意义相近。【知识拓展】遗传学(Genetics)是研究生物的遗传与变异的科学，研究基因的结构、功能及其变异、传递和表达规律。遗传学中的亲子概念不限于父母子女或一个家族，还可以延伸到包括许多家族的群体，这是群体遗传学的研究对象，也是本文对遗传学的应用视角。
66． The classifications of races by anthropologists are useful in that they______.
A．divide people into different groups
B．help to define prehistoric human movements C．contribute to language distribution
D．provide tools for the study of prehistoric human movements
正确答案：D
解析： 细节识别。本题的答案出现在第四段。本段首先提到人类学家的分类并非一无是处，然后举例说明这些分类可以提供关键的工具， (与语言分布一起)重塑史前人们的活动，即选项D表述的内容。【知识拓展】细节识别的要诀是利用关键词快速定位原句，如本题的anthropologists，然后根据题干对比原句与选项，即可准确选出答案。
67． Anthropologists’ classifications are sometimes misleading because they______.
A．imply fundamental differences between groups
B．refine the reconstruction of prehistoric human movements C．do not imply the basic differences between groups D．tell nothing about the influence of local climate
正确答案：C
解析： 细节识别。第五段第一句的such classifications衔接了第四段的anthropologists’ classifications，因此两段分别讲述了人类学家分类的优缺点。
本段所讲的缺点主要是他们记录的种族差异(包括面部特征、肤色及发色)大多都是归因于为了适应当地气候，有些肤浅，没有挖掘出不同种族的根本性区别(fundamental about differences between them)。这一表述与选项C一致。【知识拓展】与上题一样，本题也需要借助关键词such classifications和misleading快速定位问题所在的段落，然后据此做出判断。另：气候决定论的基本观点认为人类不同肤色的形成主要归因于气候，如黑种人形成于热带地区，黄种人形成于温带地区，白种人则形成于高纬度的寒带地区(如北欧寒冷的高加索地区)。这是因为热带地区因阳光强烈，紫外线强，气温高，黑色皮肤可以有效抵挡强烈阳光造成的伤害，鼻孔阔大，便于散热，嘴唇也较厚。而北欧由于气候较寒冷，阳光稀弱，紫外线弱，较浅的肤色则易于吸收微弱的紫外线，有利于身体发育。鼻梁较高，鼻子孔道长，可以使吸入的冷空气预先“温暖一下”。
68． Compared with differences between individuals within a group, the differences between groups are______.
A．much greater B．smaller
C．more important D．not clearly defined
正确答案：B
解析： 细节识别。根据第六段“the differences between individuals within one racial group are much larger than the differences between the average members of two such groups”可知，一个种族内部个体之间的差异远大于两个种族之间一般成员间的差异。题干换了一种说法，因此选项B符合原意。【知识拓展】换语重述是细节识别常用的命题思路，如正话反说、反话正说、比较倒置等。
69． Racism receives little support from science because______. A．a classification of races can be scientifically useful B．an individual’s ability is determined by his or her race C．the spread of variation within a race is larger
D．the notion of racism has already become insignificant
正确答案：C
解析： 细节识别。本题问的是原因，因此需要继续从原文中检索与原因有关的内容。第七段中间部分提到种族内的差异大于种族间的平均差异，而选项C几乎是原句表述，因此该题比较简单。
70． Which of the following is the appropriate title of the passage? A．How to Get Rid of Racism B．New Scientist
C．The Concept of Race D．Reasons for Racism
正确答案：C
解析： 补充标题。第一段以设问提出race的定义问题；第二段指出race的分类引发的争议；第三段引用联合国教科文组织的声明说明种族主义观点是谬误；第四段说明人类学家对种族的分类有其用途；第五段说明上述分类有误导性；第六段通过比较种族内差异与种族间差异进一步证明分类的缺陷；第七段证明种族主义没有科学依据；最后一段说明普通人对种族差异的看法是片面甚至错误的。综上，本文就种族的定义、分类、认识展开讨论，而标题的目的是使读者了解到文章的主要内容和主旨。因此选项C符合原意。【知识拓展】补充标题一般有三种途经：阅读过程中进行概括；读完后检索各段落主题句进行概括；(若主题句是隐含的，则需要)读完后回顾各段落进行概括(如本题)。比较可取的办法是读任何一篇文章的时候，都养成概括主旨大意的习惯，这样，主旨大意和标题都可以尽快形成认识，提高阅读效率。
Now online provision is transforming higher education, giving the best universities a chance to widen their catch, opening new opportunities for the agile, and threatening doom for the slow and average. The roots are decades old. Britain’s Open University started teaching via radio and television in 1971. MIT and others have been posting lectures on the Internet for a decade. But the change in 2012 has been electrifying. Two start-ups, both spawned by Stanford University, are recruiting students at an astonishing rate for “massive open online courses” or MOOCs. In January, Sebastian Thrun, a computer-science professor there, announced the launch of Udacity. It started to offer courses the next month — a nanosecond by the standards of old-style university decision-making. In April, two of Mr. Thrun’s ex-colleagues launched a rival, Coursera. At first, it offered online courses from four universities. By August, it had signed up 1 million students, now boasting over 2 million. Harvard and MIT announced they would launch edX, a non-profit venture. Other schools have joined, too. One spur is economic and political pressure to improve productivity in higher education. The cost per student in the U.S. has risen at almost five times the rate of inflation since 1983. For universities beset by heavy debts, smaller taxpayer subsidies and a cyclical decline in enrollment, online courses mean better tuition, higher graduation rates and lower-cost degrees. New technology also gives the innovative a chance to shine against their rivals. MOOCs are more than good university lectures available online. The real innovation comes from integrating academic talks with interactive coursework, such as automated tests, quizzes and even games. Real-life lectures have no pause, rewind (or fast-forward) buttons; MOOCs let students learn at their own pace, typically with short, engaging videos. The cost of the courses can be spread over huge numbers of students. MOOCs enrich education for worldwide students, especially the cash-strapped, and those dissatisfied with what their own colleges are offering. But for others, especially in poor countries, online education opens the door to yearning for opportunities. Some of Europe’s best schools are determinedly unruffled. Oxford says that MOOCs “will not prompt it to change anything”, adding that it “does not see them as revolutionary in anything other than scale”. Cambridge even says it is “nonsense” to see MOOCs as a rival; it is “not in the business of online education”. Such universities are likely to continue to attract the best (and richest) applicants who want
personal tuition and the whiff of research in the air. For these places, MOOCs are chiefly a marketing opportunity. To compete head-on with established providers, MOOCs must not just teach but also provide credible qualifications. The vast majority of Coursera, Udacity and edX offerings do not provide a degree. This may be one reason for MOOCs’ high dropout rates. Another worry is that online tests are open to cheating and plagiarism. Peer grading even if honest, may be flawed.
71． ______was the first to offer the open lectures. A．Harvard B．MIT
C．Britain’s Open University D．Stanford University
正确答案：C
解析： 细节识别。第一段中间举例说明公开课已有数十年历史，其中“Britain’s Open University started teaching via radio and television in 1971”，而后面提到的美国哈佛大学等高校在网上发布公开课仅十年时间，因此，选项C符合原意。
72． The word “MOOCs” underlined in Paragraph 2 is______. A．a shortened version of “massive online open courses” B．abbreviated from “massive open online courses” C．another type of open classroom courses D．equivalent to flipped classroom teaching
正确答案：B
解析： 词义界定。第二段“‘massive open online courses’or MOOCs”明确表明MOOCs的意义，or相当于“换言之”，取massive open online courses四个词的首字母就得到MOOC，加上courses是复数，所以加s，本意是“大规模开放性在线课程”。【知识拓展】在以前的“解析”与“知识拓展”中多次提到过词义界定可以依赖的线索，本题采用的线索是or的功能：同位语。另外，选项A的shortened version与选项B的abbreviated from不同，前者表示简缩版，如对长篇小说进行改编，变为精简故事；后者表示缩略语，如上一篇的UNESCO就来自United Nations Educational，Scientific and Cultural Organization。
73． From Paragraph 1, we can know that______.
A．online education programs spring up like mushrooms B．Udacity, Coursera and edX are not rivals
C．other schools have joined Stanford and Harvard D．Online courses are offered by non-profit universities
正确答案：A 解析： 段落大意。根据第一段“Now online provision is transforming higher
education，giving the best universities a chance to widen their catch”可知，在线课程正在转变高等教育，给最优秀的大学带来扩大自身影响的机会。本段随后举例说明网络课程发展迅猛，因此选项A总结得比较中肯。【知识拓展】概括段落大意一般遵循的基本原则有精确、完整、简要、通顺。常用方法有寻章摘句、合并归纳、取主舍次、提问整理、列小标题等。本题就采用了合并归纳的方法。
74． Universities embracing new technology in launching online courses DON’T consider______.
A．better tuitions B．more innovations C．lower-cost degrees D．higher graduation rates
正确答案：B
解析： 错误排除。根据第三段“online courses mean better tuition，higher graduation rates and lower-cost degrees”可知，在线课程意味着学费更优惠、毕业率升高、学位成本降低。其中唯独没有提到更多创新，因此选项B排除。【知识拓展】这是错误排除中最简单的一种，一个句子囊括了所有正确选项，所以最重要的是快速定位原句。可取的做法是先读题干，带着问题读原文，效率会有较大提升。
75． Compared with real-life lectures, MOOCs are offered to______. A．allow students to pause during academic talks
B．encourage students to rewind the buttons to track the tapes C．enable students to learn in their classrooms with videos D．integrate academic talks with interactive coursework
正确答案：D
解析： 细节识别。根据第四段“The real innovation comes from integrating academic talks with interactive coursework”可知，慕课真正的创新是将学术讨论融入互动性作业。选项A和B均是其中的细节，而选项C的classrooms是误导性表述，慕课完全可以在其他场所进行学习。【知识拓展】慕课通过网络将分布于世界各地的授课者和学习者通过某一个共同的话题或主题联系起来，包括每周一次的讲授、研讨问题以及阅读建议等。其中比较典型的特点是每门课都有频繁的小测验，有的还有期中和期末考试。考试通常由同学评分(比如一门课的每份试卷由同班的五位同学评分，取其平均数为最终分数)。有的课程免费，有的收费，费用由所有学生均摊。所以中国的慕课在大力推广，以期更多人参与。
76． Paragraph 5 indicates that some of the best European universities______. A．cannot remain calm in the face of MOOCs
B．regard MOOCs as a revolution in higher education C．prefer traditional education to online provisions
D．attract the best applicants to challenge online courses
正确答案：C
解析： 细节识别。根据第五段“Some of Europe’s best schools age determinedly unruffled”可知，一些欧洲顶尖学校决意泰然处之。本段接下来举例说明他们依然坚持传统方式，牛津和剑桥都认为慕课掀不起什么大浪来，即选项C表达的内容。【知识拓展】选项C中的prefer…to…蕴含着比较意义，表示牛津和剑桥这样的顶尖大学更倾向于传统教育，吸引优秀学生来校学习，而不看重网络在线课程。这与它们在传统教育领域崇高的地位有关。
77． The phrase “a marketing opportunity” underlined in Paragraph 5 suggests______.
A．some universities use MOOCs as a publicity facility only B．students can obtain their degrees with the lowest costs C．MOOCs, as any other online courses, mean better tuitions D．MOOCs can reduce financial pressure on the universities
正确答案：A 解析： 语义推理。a marketing opportunity出现在第五段最后一句“For these places，MOOCs are chiefly a marketing opportunity”，即对于这些地方(大学)而言，慕课主要提供了营销机会(即仅仅作为宣传工具而已)。本句的chiefly决定了a marketing opportunity的语义色彩是褒义还是贬义，所以本题看似细节识别题，实际隐含着语义推理，因为语义推理是以词项间的语义关系为前提的。【知识拓展】语义推理题需要特别注意词项之间的关系，如本题的chiefly。词典对它的解释比较简单，如《柯林斯词典》解释为most of all，above all；mainly, mostly。但是语境中，它的意义会更丰富。e．g．The distinction between a job and an occupation is chiefly one of scope．工作与职业的区别主要在于范围。He is chiefly concerned with how to transform resources into results．他只关心如何把资源转化为结果。
78． The MOOCs’ dropout rate is high because______. A．they lose to the established providers
B．they don’t allow students to cheat in online tests
C．they are not aware of the importance of qualifications D．most courses offered don’t provide degrees
正确答案：D
解析： 细节识别。根据第六段“The vast majority of Coursera，Udacity and edX offerings do not provide a degree．This may be one reason for MOOCs’high dropout rates”可知，Coursera，Udacity和edX提供的大多数在线课程都不授予学位，或许这是慕课辍学率居高不下的一个原因。【知识拓展】Coursera，Udacity和edX是慕课三巨头。Udacity成立时间最早，课程以计算机类为主，数量不多，但打造的都是精品，许多精致细节专为在线授课而设计。Coursera是目前发展最大的慕课平台，囊括近500门来自世界各地大学的课程，门类丰富，但也良莠不齐。edX是哈佛大学与MIT(麻省理工学院)共同出资组建的非营利性组织，与全球顶级高校结盟，系统源代码开放，课程形式设计更自由灵活。它们提供的很多课程仅供在线学习，没有授予学位资格。
79． The phrase “peer grading” underlined in the last paragraph means______. A．the honesty of students
B．the flaws in students’ characters
C．students’ assessment of their classmates D．students of the same age and social status
正确答案：C 解析： 词义界定。peer grading出现在最后一句“Peer grading even if honest，may be flawed”，大意是同学互评即使诚实可信，也存在瑕疵。grading作为主语，属于动名词，其动词grade的本义为“评分”，即使不认识peer(同学，同侪)这个词，也可以根据选项判断，因为只有选项C的assessment表示“评分，评价”。【知识拓展】慕课的评分规则是每一份作业(或测试、考试试卷)由其他五位同学评分，然后取其平均分。这里有两个问题容易招致批评：作业或考试的作弊、抄袭无法有效监控；同学评分的主观性太强，成绩的客观性存疑。
80． The passage implies that online courses are______. A．transforming higher education
B．creating new opportunities for the best
C．bringing some problems to the rest of students D．helping improve traditional classroom instruction
正确答案：A 解析： 主旨大意。本文开宗明义指出“Now online provision is transforming higher education”。尽管始于1971年，但2012年发生了巨变，因为大规模招生开始了。第三段“One spur is economic and political pressure to improve productivity in higher education”分析了慕课蓬勃发展的原因。第四段剖析了慕课相对于传统教育的优势，即学习者可以互动和自主学习。第五段提到欧洲顶尖大学对慕课不屑一顾。最后一段指出慕课要与传统教育竞争，必须获得更多学位授予资格。综上，选项A较准确地概括了原意。【知识拓展】尽管题干用了imply(暗示、蕴含)这个词，但实际上所指内容在原文中是明示的。一般而言，用了imply的题需要做一定的逻辑或语义推理才能捕捉原文深层含义，常见的方式有例证、正话反说、反话正说、归纳、演绎等。
The world is on the cusp of a staggering rise in the number of old people, and they will live longer than ever before. Over the next 20 years, the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to 1.1 billion. The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth and “secular stagnation”, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will bust government budgets. But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled. Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people whereas older skilled folk are working longer. The divide is
most extreme in the U.S., where well-educated baby-boomers are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out the workforce. This trend will benefit not just fortunate oldies but also, in some ways, society as a whole. Growth will slow less dramatically than expected; government budgets will be in better shape, as high earners pay taxes longer. Rich countries with lots of well-educated older people will find the burden of ageing easier to bear than other countries like China, where half of all 50-to-64-year-olds did not complete primary-school education. At the other end of the social scale, however, things look grim. Manual work gets harder as people get older, and public pensions look more attractive to those on low wages and the unemployed. Nor are all the effects on the economy beneficial. Wealthy old people will accumulate more savings, which will weaken demand. Inequality will increase and a growing share of wealth will eventually be transferred to the next generation via inheritance, entrenching the division between winners and losers still further. One likely response is to impose higher inheritance taxes. So long as they replace less-fair taxes, that might make sense. This would probably encourage old people to spend their cash rather than salt it away. But governments should focus not on redistributing income but on generating more of it by reforming retirement and education. How likely are governments to make these changes? Look around the rich world today, and it is hard to be optimistic. The swelling ranks of older voters, and their disproportionate propensity to vote, have left politicians keener to pander to them than to implement disruptive reforms. Germany, despite being the fastest-ageing country in Europe, plans to cut the statutory retirement age for some people. In the U.S., both social security (the public pension scheme) and the fast-growing system of disability benefits remain untouched by reform. Politicians need to convince less-skilled older voters that it is in their interests to go on working. Doing so will not be easy. But the alternative — economic stagnation and even greater inequality — is worse.
81． The word “staggering” underlined in Paragraph 1 means______. A．swaying B．unstable C．zigzagging D．astounding
正确答案：D
解析： 词义界定。staggering出现在第一段“The world is on the cusp of a staggering rise in the number of old people，and they will live longer than ever before”，即世界老龄人口将出现惊人增长，且他们的寿命会比以往更长。假设有读者不懂得staggering的意思，或者不确定staggering rise是快速增长还是缓慢增长，因为staggering还有“蹒跚的”意思，可以借助下文的数据来确定：在过去20年间，全球65岁及以上老龄人口几乎增加了一倍。这样的增长自然是非常迅猛的，由此可以判断选项D符合句意。【知识拓展】本句还有一个短语on the cusp可能会影响理解，它的意思是“在交点上，在顶点”。即使在阅读时不能查阅词
典，也可以如本题“解析”所示根据语境推断词义，即依据例证来判断。
82． Observers believe that the rise in the number of old people will NOT______.
A．affect the longevity of the elderly B．bust government budgets C．lead to secular stagnation D．slow down economic growth
正确答案：A
解析： 错误排除。根据关键词observers检索，本题涉及的原句为第一段最后一句“…has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth and‘secular stagnation’，while the swelling ranks of pensioners will bust government budgets”，即(在二十世纪，人们的寿命变长使得退休岁月长于工作年限，这一经验)让许多观察家相信，这种转变将导致经济增长减缓和“长期性经济停滞”，而迅速扩大的领取养老金大军将使政府预算不堪重负。其中，唯独没有提到的是选项A。【知识拓展】这也是比较简单的一种错误排除题，只要根据关键词快速找到原句，就可以比对选项一一排除，然后得到答案。所以确定关键词很重要。
83． There is a new trend in the U.S., where______. A．there appears a baby boom
B．more younger unskilled people are unemployed C．more older skilled people are working longer D．both B and C
正确答案：D
解析： 细节识别。根据关键词new trend in the U．S．检索，本题涉及的内容在第二段“…a new trend，…Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people whereas older skilled folk are working longer”，即技术不熟练的年轻人就业率下降，而技术熟练的老年人工作年限延长。对照选项发现本句包括选项B和C，因此，D正确。
84． Which of the following notions tends to be ignored as a new trend? A．The big gap between the well-educated and the undereducated. B．The wide gap between male and female workers.
C．The widening gap between the skilled and the unskilled.
D．The growing gap between the working young and the idle old.
正确答案：C
解析： 细节识别。根据关键词notion和a new trend可以检索到第二段的相关表述“a new trend，the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled”，即新的趋势是熟练技工和不熟练技工之间的鸿沟越来越宽。其中，逗号后面的短语是a new trend的同位语，是对后者的解释。这样的同位语在阅读理解题中经常
用来确定先行词的词义。因为选项C与原句一致，所以不需要推理即可判断。【知识拓展】本题看似简单，细节识别题很容易找到原句的一致表述，但选项有很强的干扰作用，因为其余的选项在文中均出现过，所以需要紧扣题干，以免落入命题陷阱。题干提到tends to be ignored，与原文的misses相对应，因此，找准notion和misses就可确定答案。否则，逐项对比其余选项会浪费阅读时间。
85． The new trend may also benefit society, for______. A．economic growth will slow down as expected B．high-earning old people pay taxes longer C．government budgets will be in the red D．governments encourage early retirement
正确答案：B
解析： 细节识别。题干的关键词benefit和society会引导读者来到第三段第一句，然后发现下文举例说明老龄化的益处，其中有一条是…high earners pay taxes longer，即高收入者(特别是老年人)纳税时间更长。
86． Rich countries find the burden of ageing easier to bear because their aged people______.
A．may pay less taxes
B．may enjoy early retirement C．are mostly well-educated D．are mostly in good health
正确答案：C 解析： 细节识别。根据关键词burden和easier检索到第三段“Rich countries with lots of well-educated older people will find the burden of ageing easier to bear than other countries like China…”，即富国拥有大量受过良好教育的老年人，因此，比起中国这样的国家，解决老龄化负担问题更容易。这一表述与选项C一致。【知识拓展】前面多次提到过，细节识别题经常通过换语重述等手段考查读者对原句的理解是否到位，因此，除了找到原句，还需略加一些推理或更深入思考，如本题题干问的是原因，原句中的原因是用介词(with)短语表达的。
87． In rich countries, more savings of wealthy old people will______. A．boost demand B．diminish demand C．decrease inequality D．increase equality
正确答案：B
解析： 细节识别。与前几道题一样，根据题干的关键词more savings检索到第四段“Wealthy old people will accumulate more savings，which will weaken demand”，即富有的老年人会增加储蓄，而高储蓄反而会降低需求。这里的weaken demand和选项B的diminish demand属于近义表述，因此可以确定选项B为正
确答案。
88． The author suggests that the response to inequality is to______. A．levy higher inheritance taxes
B．encourage the elderly to save their cash for the future C．transfer the elderly savings to their next generations D．cause further imbalance between winners and losers
正确答案：A
解析： 细节识别。根据题干的关键词response to inequality检索到“One likely response is to impose higher inheritance taxes”，即一个可能的应对之策是征收更高的遗产税。本句的impose taxes与选项A的levy taxes属于同义表述，因此选A确定无疑。【知识拓展】一般来讲，题干出现suggest，imply，infer等词时，都有语义推导的需要，都得根据原文进行归纳、演绎或概括。不过本题题干是“暗示”，选项是“明说”，所以命题有意降低了试题的难度。
89． For their own sake, politicians______. A．take good care of the less-skilled older voters B．have another alternative to decrease inequality C．cater to the older voters enthusiastically
D．are more likely to introduce disruptive reforms
正确答案：C 解析： 近义表述。根据“…have left politicians keener to pander to them than to implement disruptive reforms”可知，让政客们更乐于取悦他们(老年人)，而不是实行有损他们利益的改革。本句的pander to与选项C的cater to属于近义表述。【知识拓展】假设有读者不熟悉pander to的意思，可根据语境尝试解读。本句的them指的是拥有投票权的老年人，keener…than…比较了两种截然相反的行为，既然后者会损害老年投票者的利益，那么前者则会投其所好，而选项C的cater to是常用短语，因此可以判断出来。
90． What is the appropriate title of this passage? A．Global Ageing: A Grey Economy B．Global Ageing: Powers of the Elderly C．Today’s World: Pessimistic Prospects
D．Economy of Ageing: Slower and More Unequal
正确答案：D
解析： 补充标题。回顾各段落主旨发现：第一段提出老龄人口激增会给经济带来诸多负面影响；第二段指出具体影响之一是年轻人因缺乏经验，在与老年人竞争工作时处于下风；第三段陈述了这一分化的利弊得失，但全面来看，弊大于利；第四段特别指出其结果是老年人储蓄的增加会降低需求，会造成不平等，而他们的财产由下一代继承后会增加不平等程度；最后一段指出政客们需要有所作为改变这一现状，而美国的政客们似乎无动于衷。综上，选项D的Slower and
More Unequal能够概括全文，因此为正确答案。
PART 3 Cloze Test (20 points)In the following passage, there are 20 blanks representing words that are missing from the context. You are to put each of the blanks the missing word. The time for this part is 20 minutes.
Hunted as the wild turkey is, it has developed a high degree of ingenuity in escaping from its pursuers. It appears to have learned a game of make-【C1】______. When caught 【C2】______ close quarters, it puts on the tame and【C3】______ demeanor of the domesticated bird. Dr. Wheaton mentions a case【C4】______ two hunters of his acquaintance came suddenly upon a【C5】______ of five in the road. They seemed quite【C6】______, walked deliberately in front of the two gunners, 【C7】______ a fence, and disappeared slowly 【C8】______ a low hill. Then they【C9】______ to their legs, and presently to their wings, and soon placed a wide【C10】______ between themselves and their dupes. The chagrin of the sportsmen may be imagined. The【C11】______ had made a game of them. Such birds Wheaton would have called “【C12】______ civilized”. Yet turkeys are wise in some respects and foolish in others. In old times, at【C13】______, great numbers were caught in【C14】______ built of logs, the only entrance【C15】______which was through a shallow, narrow trench. The【C16】______ birds, following the corn which had been scattered in the trench, 【C17】______ through the entrance; when perhaps half a dozen of them were inside, and the bait was all eaten, they tried in【C18】______ to get out through the top or sides of the pen, never once looking down and passing【C19】______ by the way they had come in, even though they might remain in the trap for several days, or until they【C20】______ of hunger.
91． 【C1】
正确答案：D
解析： 本题考点为语境推理和复合词。 (1)句式分析。 原句是简单句，代词it指上句中的the wild turkey，to have learned动词不定式的完成式作主语补语，而a game of make-______作宾语。由a game of可知，要填入的词与make构成合成词作介词of的宾语。make-believe n．意为“假装，假扮者”，因此，可以断定此处应填believe。 (2)句意判断。 根据首句可知，本文是关于火鸡逃避追捕时所采用的伎俩以及结果。首句已经提到，为了躲避追捕，火鸡已经进化出一种本领，由此可以猜想下文应该会对这种能力做进一步说明。阅读后文可知这种能力是伪装。make believe是固定搭配，意为“假装，伪装”，由此断定这句话意为“它们似乎学会了伪装”。
92． 【C2】
正确答案：A
解析： 本题考点为词语搭配。 (1)句式分析。 原句是一个带有时间
状语从句的复杂句。因为时间状语从句When caught______close quarters的主语和主句的主语相同(都是it)，所以省略了从句的主语和谓语部分的系动词was，补全后从句为When it was caught______close quarters。空白处需要填入一个介词与其后的close quarters搭配表示地点，作地点状语。而at可与close quarters搭配，意为“在近处”，故此处应填at。 (2)句意判断。 根据本文首句Hunted as the wild turkey is…可知，此句意为“在近处被抓时，火鸡会摆出一副如同家鸟般温顺无辜的样子”。
93． 【C3】
正确答案：B
解析： 本题考点为语境推理和词义辨析。 (1)句式分析。 原句是一个带有时间状语从句的复杂句。主句it puts on the tame…中，the tame and ______demeanor of…作宾语。tame and______修饰名词demeanor，可见，空白处要填一个形容词，与tame并列修饰demeanor。domesticated是bird的定语。 (2)句意判断。 根据本段的前两句…it has developed…It appears to have learned a game of…可知，此句意为“在近处被抓时，火鸡会摆出一副如同家鸟般温顺无辜的样子”。由本句中的tame(驯服的，温顺的)和domesticated(被驯养了的)可知，此处应填innocent。 【知识拓展】词汇拓展。 ①friendly的同义词有amicable，neighborly，folksy，kind，amiable；innocent的同义词有inculpable，harmless，guiltless，sinless；sophisticate的同义词有prudent，worldly-wise，man of the world；hostile的同义词有inimical，surly，virulent，unfriendly。 ②有关put on的表达：put on airs摆架子；put on one’s feet使恢复繁荣；put on one’s guard使保持警惕；put on weight增重，长胖；put one’s best face on尽量表现得和蔼可亲；put one’s cards on the table把情况亮到桌面上来；put one’s finger on确切说出。
94． 【C4】
正确答案：C
解析： 本题考点为关系副词的用法。 (1)句式分析。 原句中，Dr．Wheaton mentions a case是主句，two hunters of his acquaintance came…是定语从句。由于关系词在定语从句中作状语，而case的固定搭配为in the／this case，where相当于in which，故填where。 (2)句意判断。 根据语境，此句意为“惠顿博士提到一个例子，一天两个猎人突然看到五只火鸡成群结队地在路上走着”。
95． 【C5】
正确答案：A
解析： 本题考点为固定搭配。 (1)句式分析。 原句中，Dr．Wheaton mentions a case是主句，two hunters of his acquaintance came…是定语从句，其中two hunters of his acquaintance是定语从句的主语，came upon是谓语，a______of five是宾语。可见，空白处需要填一个名词，表示“一群”，因此应填flock。 (2)句意判断。 根据首段可知，这句话中的five应该指five turkeys。故而断定这
句话意为“惠顿博士举了一个例子，他认识的两个猎人突然遇到五只火鸡成群结队地在路上走着”。
96． 【C6】
正确答案：D
解析： 本题考点为语境推理和词义辨析。 (1)句式分析。 原句虽然很长，却是简单句。主语是They，谓语是一个平行结构(四个动词seemed，walked，disappeared和下空需要填入的动词并列在一起作谓语)，seem相当于系动词，其后用形容词，作主语补语。 (2)句意判断。 首段告诉我们，为了逃避近旁的追捕者，火鸡会伪装出很驯顺、无辜的样子。由此可断定这句话的意思是“它们看上去若无其事，从容不迫地走在猎人前面”。
97． 【C7】
正确答案：D
解析： 本题考点为语境推理和词义辨析。 (1)句式分析。 原句They seemed…，walked…，______a fence，and disappeared slowly…的谓语是一个平行结构，四个动词seemed，walked，disappeared和本题需要填入的动词并列在一起作谓语。可见，这道题需要填入这五只火鸡发出的一连串动作之一，并与a fence(篱笆)搭配，表示“翻过篱笆”之意，应选mounted。 (2)句意判断。 首段告诉我们，为了逃避追捕者，火鸡进化出逃生的智谋，为了避开近旁的危险，它们会伪装出很驯顺、无辜的样子。为此，举了第二段这个例子，描述火鸡在碰到猎人时，伪装出的一系列动作。由此推断，本句意为“它们看上去若无其事，从容不迫地走在猎人前面，翻过篱笆，慢慢消失在山那边”。
98． 【C8】
正确答案：B
解析： 本题考点为语境推理和词语搭配。 (1)句式分析。 原句中，谓语是由四个动词构成的平行结构。slowly和______a low hill都是状语。可见，本题要填入的词是个介词，与a low hill搭配，表“山那边”之意。故填over。 (2)句意判断。 根据本句的前半句They seemed…，walked deliberately in front of…a fence可知，此句意为“……它们翻过篱笆，慢慢消失在山那边”。
99． 【C9】
正确答案：A
解析： 本题考点为词语搭配。 (1)句式分析。 原句是个简单句，they是主语，本题所填的动词与placed并列作谓语，同时与to their legs搭配，表“逃跑，溜之大吉”之意，故填took。 (2)句意判断。 根据语境，此句意为“然后这群火鸡立刻扑棱着翅膀撒腿就跑，很快就把两个上当的猎人甩到了身后”。
100． 【C10】
正确答案：C
解析： 本题考点为词义辨析。 (1)句式分析。 原句中，Then(然后)是语篇衔接手段，表时间顺序，they是主语，took和placed是谓语。placed a wide______是动宾结构，a wide后必须是名词。 (2)句意判断。 根据前一句They seemed…walked deliberately…以及所给选项可知，此处place a wide between意为“和……拉开一大段距离”，由此断定，此句意为“然后这群火鸡立刻扑棱着翅膀撒腿就跑，很快就把两个上当的猎人甩到了身后”。
101． 【C11】
正确答案：C
解析： 本题考点为指称重复。关键性词语的重复(同义词、近义词、反义词、上义词和下义词)是句内和篇章衔接的重要手段。 (1)句式分析。 原句The______had made a game of them是个简单句，The+空白处需填入的名词作主语，had made是谓语，a game of them是宾语。 (2)句意判断。 根据本段首句可知，这一段是关于火鸡伪装逃生技能的例子。依据上下文可知，这两句意为“那两个猎人的愤怒可想而知，竟然被这几只鸟给耍了”。“这几只鸟”指文章主题火鸡。另外第一段最后一句话it puts on the tame…the domesticated bird以及本段最后一句话Such birds Wheaton would have called…中已经出现过bird一词，而且bird与turkey是上、下义关系，故选bird。
102． 【C12】
正确答案：D
解析： 本题考点为语义推理。 (1)句式分析。 原句是个简单句，Wheaton指本段首句中的Dr．Wheaton，作主语，would have called是谓语，Such birds是宾语，______civilized是补语。为了与前几句衔接紧密一些，宾语Such birds放在了句首。 (2)句意判断。 前文表明，火鸡养成了高超的逃生技能，它们的伪装技能说明它们足智多谋。由此可判断，此句意为“惠顿称这些鸟为‘半开化的’”。
103． 【C13】
正确答案：B
解析： 本题考点为固定搭配。 (1)句式分析。 原句采用了被动式，描述火鸡过去的情况。In old times和at______是状语，great numbers是主语，指great numbers of turkeys，谓语是were caught，in+名词作地点状语，过去分词短语built of logs作与in搭配的名词的定语，the only enhance…是定语从句，限定与in搭配的名词。 (2)句意判断。 第一段和第二段告诉我们火鸡很会伪装逃生，因而惠顿博士称它们为半进化的鸟。本段首句说“火鸡有时候很聪明，有时候却又很愚蠢”。据此可知，此句意为“至少过去是这样的，常有大量的火鸡被关进木制的畜栏里，进入畜栏的唯一入口是一条狭窄的壕沟”。at least是固定搭配，意为“至少，起码”，因此，此处应该填least。
104． 【C14】
正确答案：A 解析： 本题考点为语境推理和词义辨析。 (1)句式分析。 原句…great numbers were caught…采用了被动式。great numbers是主语，谓语是were caught，in+名词作地点状语，过去分词短语built of logs作与in搭配的名词的定语。 (2)句意判断。 根据上下文以及下一句they tried in…sides of the pen的提示，可确定本题应该填pens。由此判断，此句意为“……人们将许多火鸡诱入木制的畜栏里后抓住它们，畜栏的唯一入口是一条又浅又窄的壕沟……”。
105． 【C15】
正确答案：C
解析： 本题考点为词语搭配。 (1)句式分析。 原句中，great numbers是主语，谓语是were caught，in+名词作地点状语，过去分词短语built of logs作与in搭配的名词的定语，the only entrance…是定语从句，限定与in搭配的名词。也即与in搭配的名词带有两个定语，一个是过去分词短语built of logs，另一个是the only entrance…这个定语从句。根据所给的选项可知此处需要一个介词，关系代词which指the pens，the entrance to sth．意为在……的入口处，故应该填to。 (2)句意判断。 根据上下文，此句意为“人们将许多火鸡诱入木制的畜栏里后抓住它们，畜栏的唯一入口是一条又浅又窄的壕沟”。
106． 【C16】
正确答案：B
解析： 本题考点为语义推理和词义辨析。 (1)句式分析。 原句中，The______birds是主语，following the corn which had…是现在分词短语，作The ______birds的定语，following the corn which had…中，which had been scattered in the trench也作the birds的定语。______through the entrance中要填入的是动词，作本句的谓语。The______birds中，需要填入的是个形容词，作birds的定语。 (2)句意判断。 根据前一句…great numbers were caught…和后一句when perhaps half a dozen of them were inside…可知，因为鸟儿贪吃所以才会进入畜栏，因此，The______birds中需要填入的形容词应该是greedy(贪婪的)。由此可见，此句意为这些贪婪的鸟儿为了吃撒落在壕沟里的谷粒，相继涌入畜栏。
107． 【C17】
正确答案：A
解析： 本题考点为语义推理和词义辨析。 (1)句式分析。 原句中，The______birds是主语，following the corn which had…是现在分词短语，作The______birds的定语。______through the entrance中，through the entrance前要填入的是动词，作本句的谓语。 (2)句意判断。 根据前一句…great numbers were caught…和后一句when perhaps half a dozen of them were inside…可知，这里
指火鸡为了吃谷粒争相涌入畜栏，此处要填一个动词与through搭配表示快速通过，冲进，所以选rush。squeeze也有挤进的意思，但常与介词in／into搭配。因此，此句意为这些贪婪的鸟儿为了吃洒落在壕沟里的谷粒，相继涌入畜栏。
108． 【C18】
正确答案：D
解析： 本题考点为语境推理与词语搭配。 (1)句式分析。 原句是个典型的复杂句，主句是they tried in______to get out through…，when perhaps half a dozen of them were inside…是时间状语从句，never once looking down and passing…是现在分词短语作状语，even though they might remain in the trap…是让步状语从句，until they…是时间状语从句。在主句they tried in______to get out through…中，they是主语，tried是谓语，to get out是动词不定式作宾语，由此可知，in______是状语，介词in后应该是一个名词。 (2)句意判断。 本段首句是这一段的主题句，第二句是总体上说火鸡的愚蠢之处，从第三句开始描写火鸡愚蠢的具体体现。依据这一逻辑线索可知，此句意为“当大半的火鸡进入畜栏，吃光谷粒后，它们便试图从里面出来，它们在畜栏的顶部和四周白费力气，却从未低下头看看进来时的路，就这样它们在畜栏里困了好几天，直到最后饿死在里面”。in vain是固定搭配，意为“徒劳的，无效的”，故此处应该填vain。
109． 【C19】
正确答案：A
解析： 本题考点为词语搭配。 (1)句式分析。 原句中，never once looking down and passing______by the way…是现在分词短语作状语，其中by the way they had come in是方式状语，looking down和passing______是并列的现在分词短语，由looking down所用的现在分词+副词结构可知，passing______一定也是现在分词+副词这种结构，即passing后要填入的是一个副词，表示从……中出去，故本题填out。 (2)句意判断。 依据上下文可知，这些进入畜栏的火鸡到死都没有注意到它们进来时的那条通道，并从那里出去。由此可判断，此句意为“当大半的火鸡进入畜栏，吃光谷粒后，它们便试图从里面出来，它们在畜栏的顶部和四周白费力气，却从未低下头看看进来时的路，就这样它们在畜栏里困了好几天，直到最后饿死在里面”。选项中的介词只有out与pass搭配表示“从……中出去”，故填out。 【知识拓展】词汇拓展。 与pass相关的表达：pass to转到，讨论；pass out昏倒，失去知觉，分发；pass down传下来，遗传，继承；pass on传递，继续，去世；pass off(以某种方式)发生并完成；pass away去世；pass over越过，忽略；pass by从……旁边经过；pass for冒充，假扮，被认为；pass through通过，经历，遭受。
110． 【C20】
正确答案：A
解析： 本题考点为词语搭配。 (1)句式分析。 原句中，until they______of hunger是时间状语从句，在until这个引起的时间状语从句中，they
是主语，要填入的动词作谓语，与of搭配，表示因……而死亡。perish of相当于die of，故填perished。 (2)句意判断。 根据上文，此句意为“……就这样它们困了好几天也没有逃出去，直到最后饿死在里面”。 【知识拓展】(1)解题技巧。 从语境出发，根据文章的中心、上下文的意思，确定空白处的意思，然后将选项逐一代入原句，经过词义辨析，选出与其前后词语搭配适当且合乎语境的选项。 (2)词汇拓展：die，decease，expire，perish与pass away。 ①die：最普通用词，指某人或某物失去生命而永远不存在。 ②deceased：正式用词，多指法律上的用语。 ③expire：委婉用词，从本义“从肺部吐出气来”引申为吐出最后一口气，断气而死。 ④perish：书面用词，多指夭折或不幸暴亡。 ⑤pass away：die的委婉用法。
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