名词性从句
名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。其关联词有连接词that，if，whether；疑问代词who，what，which和疑问副词when，where，how，why等。
1. 主语从句
主语从句在句中做主语。它可以放在主句谓语动词之前，但多数情况由it作形式主语，而把 主语从句放在主句之后。例如：
Who did that is known to all.
It is interesting that you should like him.
2. 表语从句
表语从句在句中作表语，位于主句中的系动词之后。如：
The question is who can complete the difficult task.
表语从句不能用if引导，但可用as if引导。例如：
He looked as if he was going to cry．
3. 同位语从句
同位语从句跟在名词后面，进一步说明该名词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的名词主要有 fact，news，promise，idea，truth等。连接词用that（不用which），及连接副词how，when， where，why等。
例如：
His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway．
The news that our team has won the match is true.
She asked the reason why there was a delay．
4. 宾语从句
1. 宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。例如：
We can learn what we did not know．
He will talk to us about what he saw in the U.S.
如果主句的谓语动词是及物动词make，find，see，hear等，则把宾语从句置于宾语补足 语之后，用it作为形式宾语。如：
We find it necessary that we practise spoken-English every day．
另外，某些作表语的形容词，如sure，happy，glad, certain等之后也可带宾语从句。如：
I am sure that he will succeed.
注意：
1) 关联词只能用whether不能用if表示“是否”的情况如下：
a) 在表语从句和同位语从句中。例如：
The question is whether the film is worth seeing.
The news whether our team has won the match is unknown.
Answer my question whether you are coming.
b) 在主语从句中，只有用it作形式主语时，whether和if都能引导主语从句，否则，也只能用
whether。例如：
Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn't been decided yet.
It hasn't been decided whether (if) we shall attend the meeting.
c) 在介词之后。（介词往往可以省略）例如：
It all depends（on）whether they will support us．
d) 后面直接跟动词不定式时。例如：
He doesn't know whether to stay or not.
e) 后面紧接or not时。例如：
We didn't know whether or not she was ready．
f) 引导让步状语从句，只能用whether。例如：
Whether you like it or not， you must do it well.
g) 用if会引起歧义时。例如：
Please 1et me know if you like it.
该句有两个意思：“请告诉我你是否喜欢”。或“如果你喜欢，请告诉我。”用了whether就可以避免。
2) 关联词if，whether均可使用的情况如下：
a) 引导宾语从句。例如：
I wonder if（whether）the news is true or not．
b) 在“be十形容词”之后。例如：
He was not sure whether (if) it is right or wrong.
3) 关联词只能用whether 或 if，不能用that的情况如下：
若doubt一词作“怀疑”解接宾语从句时，主句为肯定句用whether或if，主句为否定句或疑问句用that。例如：
I doubt whether he will come soon.
I do not doubt that he will come soon.
Do you doubt that he will come soon？
注意： 下面这个例句中doubt的含义为“认为未必可能”。
I doubt that he will come.
2. 直接引语和间接引语。
引述别人的原话叫直接引语，用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。这两种引语都是宾语从句，但直接引语放在引号内，不用连词连接；间接引语不用引号，通常用连接词连接于主句。
1) 陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句。例如：
He said，“I'm very glad.”
He said that he was very glad.
2) 一般疑问句变为if（whether）引导的宾语从句。例如：
He said，“Can you come this afternoon, John？”
He asked whether John could come that afternoon.
3) 特殊疑问句变为由who，what, when等疑问词引导的宾语从句。例：
He said，“Where is Mr. Wang？”
He asked where Mr. Wang was.
注意上述例句中时态，人称代词，时间状语的变化。主句谓语动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词变化如
下：
一般现在时变为一般对去时；现在进行时变为过去进行时；一股将来时变为过去将来时；现在完成时变为过去完成时；一般过去时变为过去完成时；过去完成时仍为过去
完成时。
如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一律不变。例如：
He says，”I cleaned the f1oor.”
He says he cleaned the floor.
巩固训练
1. tomorrow.
________ the new plan can be carried out will be discussed at the meeting
A. Which B. What C. That D. Whether
2. You must think of ________ you can do more for others.
A. that B. how C. what D. which
3. They asked the captain if________ the destination safely.
A. the ship can reach reached
B. the ship could reach C. did the ship reach D. the ship
4. ________ that not all the books are helpful to me.
A. It seems to me B. In my opinion C. I think in my mind D. I seem
5. There are a crowd of people there. What do you suppose ________.
A. had happened B. has happened C. is happened D. happened
6. ________ one of my ld friends was on the flight to New York.
A. It happened that B. It was happened that C. That happened D. It happened to
7. China is no longer ________.
A. she used to be to like
B. that she used to be C. what she used to be D. what she used
8. The thought ________ he might be put in prison worried him a lot.
A. when B. which C. what D. that
9.
Chinese excited.
________ the 29th Olympic Games will be hold in Beijing, China made all the
A. What B. When C. That D. Whether
10. It is impossible ________ he forgot ________ he had said.
A. that; what B. what; that C. what; that D. that; that
11. The truth is ________ the taxi driver broke the traffic rule.
A. why B. what C. that D. which
12. ________ we want to know is ________ the accident happened.
A. That; when and what B. What; what and when
C. That; which and where D. What; when and where.
13. I wonder how much________.
A. does the computer cost B. did the computer cost
C. the computer cost D. the computer costs
14. I have all kinds of books there, you may take ________ you like most.
A. in which B. from which C. whichever D. that
15. — Do you remember ________ he came?
— Yes, I do, he came by car.
A. how B. when C. that D. if
16. There can be no doubt ________ he is qualified for the job.
A. if B. whether C. that D. which
17. I have no information about ________ he will come or not.
A. if B. either C. whether D. what
18. Now we have little idea ________ life they were then living.
A. which B. that C. what D. how
19. It’s widely believed ________ milk and eggs are nutritious.
A. that B. what C. if D. whether
20. It’s doubtful ________ we shall be able to come.
A. that B. whether C. if D. when
21. The official asked me ________ to build this plant.
A. how long it was taken B. how long it had taken
C. how much time did it take D. how much time it was taken
22. He made a promise ________ he would help me.
A. what 23. A. which 24. A. as if 25. A. if 26. A. Who 27. A. That 28. A. What; why 29.
B. when C. that D. which
This is ________ the Salt Lake City lies.
B. what C. where D. when
It looked ________ it was going to rain.
B. if C. as D. whether
It depends on ________ he was enough money.
B. if or not C. whether or not D. whether
________ gets home first is to cook the supper.
B. Whom C. Those who D. Whoever
________ Wang Feng looked after the old woman a whole year moved us all.
B. What C. When D. Why
________ I can’t understand is ________ he doesn’t want to go.
B. That; that C. Which; for D. Why; because
I don’t doubt ________ he will attend the meeting.
A. that B. if C. what D. whether
30. It worried her a bit ________ her hair was turning gray.
A. while B. that C. if D. whether
31. The teacher asked ________ with me.
A. what was the wrong matter
B. what the matter was C. what matter was D. what was the
32. ________ we do must be in the interests of the people.
A. What that B. Whichever C. No matter D. What ever
33. Tell me ________ your brother looks like.
A. how B. what C. all that D. that
34. Word came ________ the president would come to visit our city.
A. whether B. that C. why D. which
35. The trouble is ________ we are short of money.
A. what B. that C. how D. why
36. No one can be sure________ in a million years.
A. What man will look like B. what will man look like
C. man will look like what D. what look will man like
37. –Hurry up, or we’ll be late for the meeting.
--There are still a few minutes left, I don’t’ think it ________ until 7:30.
A. will begin B. is to begin C. is beginning D. was to begin
38. Are you suggesting that I ________ unfit for the job?
A. am B. were C. shall be D. be
39. this time?
________that the 70 years old man can pass the college entrance examination
A. That is hoped B. It is hoped C. People are hoped D. It hoped
40.
foreign language.
We think ____ _ necessary _____ a college student should master at least one
A. that; that B. that; that C. it; that D. that; it
41. ________ do you think is the best player on our national women volleyball team?
A. Whom B. What C. Of whom D. Who
42. ________ we can’t get seems better than ________ we have.
A. what; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what
43. I would rather you ________ tomorrow than today.
A. come B. will come C. came D. is coming
44. Who do you imagine ________ at the meeting tomorrow?
A. to speak B. speaking C. spoken D. will speak
45. — Do you believe Mary will come to the party tonight?
— ________.
A. No, I believe not so B. No, I don’t believe
C. No, I don’t believe so D. Of course she won’t
KEY: 1—10. DBBAB ACDCA 11—20. CDDCA CCCAB 21—30. BCCAD DDBBB AAABC 41—45. DACDC
—40. DAAAB 31
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