考研英语历年真题及答案解析

考研英语历年真题及答案解析

【篇一：2016考研英语一真题及答案解析】

=txt>section 1 use of english

directions： read the following text。 choose the best word（s） for each numbered blank and mark [a]， [b]， [c] or [d] on answer sheet 1。 （10 points）in cambodia， the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male。 it may involve not only his parents and his friends， __1__those of the young

woman， but also a matchmaker。 a young man can __2__ a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to __3__the marriage negotiations， or the young man’s parents may take the choice of a spouse， giving the child little to say in the selection。 __4__， a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen。 __5__ a spouse has been selected， each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying __6__ a good family。

the traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair。 formerly it lasted three days， __7__1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half。 buddhist priests offer a short sermon and __8__ prayers of blessing。 par--ts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting，__9__cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride

‘s and grooms wrists， and __10__a candle around a circle of happily married

and respected couples to bless the __11__。 newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife

‘s parents and may__12__ with them up to a year， __13__they can build a new house nearby。

divorce is legal and easy to __14__， but not common。 divorced persons are __15__ with some disapproval。 each spouse retains ___16___ property he or she __17__ into the marriage， and jointly-acquired property is __18__ equally。

divorced persons may remarry， but a gender prejudice __19__up。 the divorced male doesn‘t have a waiting period before he can remarry __20__the woman must wait ten months。

1。 a。 by way of b。 with regard to c。 on behalf of d。 as well as

2。 a。 decide on b。 provide forc。 compete withd。 adapt to

3。 a。 close b。 arrange c。 renew d。 postpone

4。 a。 in theoryb。 above all c。 in time d。 for example

5。 a。 unlessb。 less c。 after d。 although

6。 a。 into b。 within c。 from d。 through

7。 a。 or b。 since c。 but d。 so

8。 a。 test b。 copy c。 recite d。 create

9。 a。 foldingb。 piling c。 wrapping d。 tying

10。 a。11。 a。12。 a。13。 a。14。 a。15。 a。16。 a。17。 a。18。 a。19。 a。。 lighting c。 hiding d。 serving

。 meeting c。 collection d。 union

。 part c。 grow d。 live

。 until c。 ford。 if

。 follow c。 challenge d。 obtain

。 persuaded c。 viewed d。 exposed

。 whatever c。 whenever d。 however

。 brought c。 shaped d。 pushed

。 divided c。 donated d。 withdrawn

。 clears c。 shows d。 breaks

passingb association b deal b whereasb avoid b isolatedb whereverb changedb investedb warmsb

20。 a。 while b。 so that c。 once d。 in that

1。[标准答案] [d]as well as

[考点分析] 本题考察逻辑关系

[选项分析] 因为考察逻辑关系，所以需要我们先对填空前后的原文信息做定位分析：文章身处大环境not only…。。but also之中，这是一个明显的并列关系，表示“不仅……而且……”该空与前一句“his parents and his friends”也是并列关系，表示“与他本人以及伴侣的父母朋友相关” 所以答案只能是d。 as well as。

a。 by way of通过 b。 with regard to 关于 c。 on behalf of 代表

2。 [标准答案] [a] decide on

[考点分析] 上下文语义

[选项分析] 根据该句的主语a young man与宾语a likely spouse的关系，答案只能是a。 decide on 决定。表示自己决定自己的对象。b。 provide for 为……提供准备 c。 compete with与……竞争 d。 adapt to适用

3。 [标准答案] [b]arrange

[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词辨析

[选项分析] 该句意思为，他可以自己选择自己中意的伴侣并让父母_____相关事务。四个选

项中，a。 close 关闭 c renew 更新；恢复 d postpone“推迟”，语义不正确，只有b arrange安排是符合语境。

4。 [标准答案] [a]in theory

[考点分析] 上下文语义

[选项分析]逻辑判断题。主要是看前后两句的含义，前面是说“他可以自己选择自己中意的伴侣并让父母安排相关事务，或者几乎不参与，完全让父母选择自己的对象。” 空格后面说“女方可以拒绝她父母所选择的对象。”这两句之间没有举例说明的关系，且有一个may，更证明a。 in theory的正确性。而其他选项 b。 above all最重要的是， c。 in time 准时 d。 for example举例，均不符合题意。

5。 [标准答案] [c]after

[考点分析] 上下文语义

[选项分析]根据下文“______a spouse has been selected， each family investigates the other……”知道，只有对象选择好后，父母才会去调查研究对方的背景。所以只有after才对。其他选项a。 unless 除非，否则 b。 lest 以免，唯恐 d。 although 尽管 都不符合题意。

6。[标准答案] [a]into

[考点分析] 上下文语义及介词词义辨析

[选项分析] 这里主要是看marry与相关介词的固定搭配。这里marry into就是指嫁到，而其他选项均没有这层含义。

7。 [标准答案] [c]but

[考点分析] 逻辑关系题

[选项分析]根据上文，说传统的婚礼时间跨度很长，但是到了1980s， 婚礼只持续一天半。所以与前文发生转变。因此要选择but转折关系。

8。 [标准答案] [c]recite

[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词词义辨析

[选项分析]空格处需要填一个动词，和后面的prayers of blessing所搭配，c选项recite 为背诵的意思，与所给短语搭配最为合理，译为“为祈祷者做祈福”。

9。 [标准答案] [d]tying

【篇二：2010-2016年历年考研英语真题+答案】

tion i use of english section 1 use of english

directions: read the following text. choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [a], [b], [c] or [d] on answer sheet 1. (10 points)

in cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. it may involve not only his parents and his friends, __1__those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. a young man can __2__ a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to __3__the marriage negotiations, or the young man‘s parents may take the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. __4__, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. __5__ a spouse has been

selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying __6__ a good family.

the traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. formerly it lasted three days, __7__1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. buddhist priests offer a short sermon and __8__ prayers of blessing. par--ts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting,__9__cotton threads soaked in holy water around the brides and grooms wrists, and __10__a candle around a circle of happily married and

respected couples to bless the __11__. newlyweds traditionally move in with the wifes parents and may__12__ with them up to a year, __13__they can build a new house nearby.

divorce is legal and easy to __14__, but not common. divorced persons are __15__ with some disapproval. each spouse retains ___16___ property he or she

__17__ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is __18__ equally. divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice __19__up. the divorced male

doesnt have a waiting period before he can remarry __20__the woman must wait ten months.

1.a. by way of b. with regard to c. on behalf of d. as well as

2.a. decide onb. provide forc. compete withd. adapt to

3.a. closeb. arrange c. renew d. postpone

4.a. in theory b. above all c. in timed. for example

5.a. unlessb. less c. after d. although

6.a. into b. within c. fromd. through

7.a. or b. sincec. butd. so

8.a. test b. copyc. recite d. create

9.a. folding b. piling c. wrappingd. tying

10. a. passing b. lighting c. hiding d. serving

11. a. associationb. meeting c. collection d. union

12. a. deal b. partc. grow d. live

13. a. whereas b. untilc. ford. if

14. a. avoidb. follow c. challenge d. obtain

15. a. isolated b. persuadedc. viewed d. exposed

16. a. wherever b. whatever c. whenever d. however

17. a. changedb. brought c. shapedd. pushed

18. a. invested b. dividedc. donated d. withdrawn

19. a. warmsb. clearsc. shows d. breaks

20. a. whileb. so that c. onced. in that section Ⅱ reading comprehension

part a

directions：read the following four texts. answer the questions after each text by choosing a, b, c or d. mark your answers on answer sheet 1. (40 points) text 1

france，which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. the parliament also agreed to ban websites that ―incite excessive thinness‖ by promoting extreme dieting.

such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. they suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. that‘s a start. and the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death –as some have done. it tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.

the bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. and perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.

the french measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a

culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.

the fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. in denmark, the united states, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.

in contrast to france‘s actions, denmark‘s fashion industry agreed last

month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. the newly revised danish fashion ethical charter clearly states:‖we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people‖. the charter‘s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to copenhagen fashion week (cfw), which is run by the danish fashion institute. but in general it relies on a name-and -shame method of compliance.

relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.

21. according to the first paragraph，what would happen in france?

【a】physical beauty would be redefined.

【c】websites about dieting would thrive.

【d】the fashion industry would decline.

22. the phrase ―impinging on‖(line 2，para.2) is closest in meaning to

【a】heightening the value of

【b】indicating the state of

【c】losing faith in

【d】doing harm to

23. which of the following is true of the fashion industry？

【a】the french measures have already failed.

【b】new standards are being set in denmark.

【c】models are no longer under peer pressure.

【d】its inherent problems are getting worse.

24. a designer is most likely to be rejected by cfw for

【a】pursuing perfect physical conditions

【b】caring too much about model‘s character.

【c】showing little concern for health factors

【d】setting a high age threshold for models.

25. which of the following may be the best title of the text?

【a】a challenge to the fashion industry‘s body ideals

【b】a dilemma for the starving models in france

【c】just another round of struggle for beauty

【d】the great threats to the fashion industry

text 2

for the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. in britain this has had a curious result. while polls show britons rate‖the

【篇三：2012年考研英语一真题_答案及详解_免费】

txt>section i use of englishdirections:

read the following text. choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark a, b, c or d on answer sheet 1. (10 points)

the ethical judgments of the supreme court justices have become an important issue recently. the court cannot _1_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law _2_ justices behave like politicians. yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that _3_ the court’s reputation for being independent and impartial.

justice antonin scalia, for example, appeared at political events. that kind of

activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be _4_ as impartial judgments. part of the problem is that the justices are not _5_by an ethics code. at the very least, the court should make itself _6_to the code of conduct that _7_to the rest of the federal judiciary.

this and other similar cases _8_the question of whether there is still a _9_between the court and politics.

the framers of the constitution envisioned law _10_having authority apart from politics. they gave justices permanent positions _11_they would be free to _12_ those in power and have no need to _13_ political support. our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely _14_.

constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social _15_ like liberty and property. when the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it _16_ is inescapably political-which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _17_ as unjust.

the justices must _18_ doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves _19_ to the code of conduct. that would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, _20_, convincing as law.

1. [a]emphasize [b]maintain 2. [a]when 3. [a]restored 4. [a]challenged 5. [a]advanced 6. [a]resistant 7. [a]resorts 8. [a]evade9. [a]line10. [a]by

[b]lest [b]weakened [b]compromised [b]caught [b]subject [b]sticks [b]raise [b]barrier [b]as

[c]modify [c]before [c]established [c]suspected [c]bound [c]immune [c]loads [c]deny [c]similarity [c]though

[d] recognize [d] unless [d] eliminated [d] accepted [d]founded [d]prone [d]applies [d]settle [d]conflict [d]towards

11. [a]so 12. [a]serve13. [a]confirm14. [a]guarded15. [a]concepts16. [a]excludes17. [a]dismissed18. [a]suppress19. [a]accessible20. [a]by all mesns

[b]since [b]satisfy [b]express [b]followed [b]theories [b]questions [b]released [b]exploit [b]amiable [b]atall costs

[c]provided [c]upset [c]cultivate [c]studied [c]divisions [c]shapes [c]ranked [c]address [c]agreeable [c]in a word

[d]though [d]replace [d]offer [d]tied [d]conceptions [d]controls [d]distorted [d]ignore [d]accountable [d]as a result

section ii reading comprehension part a directions:

read the following four texts. answer the questions below each text by choosing a, b, c or d. mark your answers on answer sheet 1. (40 points)

text 1

come on –everybody’s doing it. that whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. it usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. but in her new book join the club, tina rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.

rosenberg, the recipient of a pulitzer prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: in south carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called rage against the haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. in south africa, an hiv-prevention initiative known as lovelife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.

the idea seems promising，and rosenberg is a perceptive observer. her critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.‖ dare to be different, please don’t smoke!‖ pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure. but on the general effectiveness of the social cure, rosenberg is less persuasive. join the club is filled with too much irrelevant detail

and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. the most glaring flaw of the social cure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long. rage against the haze failed once

state funding was cut. evidence that the lovelife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.

there’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. an emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication. this is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.

far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. it’s like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. the tactic never really works. and that’s the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.

21. according to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as[a] a supplement to the social cure[b] a stimulus to group dynamics[c] an obstacle to school progress[d] a cause of undesirable behaviors

22. rosenberg holds that public advocates should[a] recruit professional advertisers[b] learn from advertisers’ experience[c] stay away from commercial advertisers[d] recognize the limitations of advertisements23. in the author’s view, rosenberg’s book fails to[a] adequately probe social and biological factors[b] effectively evade the flaws of the social cure[c] illustrate the functions of state funding[d]produce a long-lasting social effect

24. paragraph 5shows that our imitation of behaviors[a] is harmful to our networks of friends[b] will mislead behavioral studies[c] occurs without our realizing it[d] can produce negative health habits

25. the author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is[a] harmful[b] desirable[c] profound[d] questionable

text 2

a deal is a deal-except, apparently ,when entergy is involved. the company, a major energy supplier in new england, provoked justified outrage in vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations.

instead, the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not challenge the constitutionality of vermont’s rules in the federal court, as part of a desperate effort to keep its vermont yankee nuclear power plant running. it’s a stunning move.

the conflict has been surfacing since 2002, when the corporation bought vermont’s only nuclear power plant, an aging reactor in vernon. as a condition of receiving state approval for the sale, the company agreed to seek permission from state regulators to operate past 2012. in 2006, the state went a step further, requiring that any extension of the plant’s license be subject to vermont legislature’s approval. then, too, the company went along.

either entergy never really intended to live by those commitments, or it simply didn’t foresee what would happen next. a string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 207 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage, raised serious questions about both vermont yankee’s safety and entergy’s management– especially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe. eaged by entergy’s behavior, the vermont senate voted 26 to 4 last year against allowing an extension.

now the company is suddenly claiming that the 2002 agreement is invalid because of the 2006 legislation, and that only the federal government has regulatory power over nuclear issues. the legal issues in the case are obscure: whereas the supreme court has ruled that states do have some regulatory authority over nuclear power, legal scholars say that vermont case will offer a precedent-setting test of how far those powers extend. certainly, there are valid concerns about the patchwork regulations that could result if every state sets its own rules. but had entergy kept its word, that debate would be beside the point.

the company seems to have concluded that its reputation in vermont is

already so damaged that it has noting left to lose by going to war with the state. but there should be consequences. permission to run a nuclear plant is a poblic trust. entergy runs 11 other reactors in the united states, including pilgrim nuclear station in plymouth. pledging to run pilgrim safely, the company has applied for federal permission to keep it open for another 20 years. but as the nuclear regulatory commission (nrc) reviews the company’s application, it should keep it mind what promises from entergy are worth.

26. the phrase ―reneging on‖(line 3.para.1) is closest in meaning to[a] condemning.[b] reaffirming.[c] dishonoring.[d] securing.

27. by entering into the 2002 agreement, entergy intended to[a] obtain protection from vermont regulators.[b] seek favor from the federal legislature.[c] acquire an extension of its business license .[d] get permission to purchase a power plant.

28. according to paragraph 4, entergy seems to have problems with its[a] managerial practices.[b] technical innovativeness.[c] financial goals.[d] business vision

29. in the author’s view, the vermont case will test[a] entergy’s capacity to fulfill all its promises.[b] the mature of states’ patchwork regulations.[c] the federal authority over nuclear issues .[d] the limits of states’ power over nuclear issues.30. it can be inferred from the last paragraph that[a] entergy’s business elsewhere might be affected.[b] the authority of the nrc will be defied.[c] entergy

will withdraw its plymouth application.[d] vermont’s reputation might be damaged.

text 3

in the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work. but in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route. we aim to be objective, but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experience. prior knowledge and interest influence what we experience, what we think our experiences mean, and the subsequent actions we take. opportunities for misinterpretation, error, and self-deception abound.

consequently, discovery claims should be thought of as protoscience. similar to newly staked mining claims, they are full of potential. but it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery. this is the credibility process, through which the individual researcher’s me, here, now becomes the community’s anyone, anywhere, anytime. objective knowledge is the goal, not the starting point.

once a discovery claim becomes public, the discoverer receives intellectual credit. but, unlike with mining claims, the community takes control of what happens next. within the complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by

controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their