为了避免重复出现前面已经出现的名词，常用it, one, that, those来替代。这几个替代词是高考中的一个常考点。现将各个替代词的用法归纳如下： 用法说明一：
it和that都替代“the+单数名词(可数或不可数)”，都是特指，都可替代可数和不可数名词，但it指前面提到的“同一”事物，而that是指前面提到的“同类”事物。如： My father bought me a pen and I like it very much.
我父亲给我买了一支钢笔，我非常喜欢它。(it替代the pen，指前面提到的父亲给我买的那支钢笔)
This dictionary is more useful than that (=the one)I bought yesterday.
这本词典比我昨天买的更有用。(that替代the dictionary，与前面的this dictionary是同类)
用法说明二：
one替代“a＋单数可数名词”，表示泛指；其复数形式ones替代泛指的复数名词。特指的the one相当于that，替代“the+单数名词”；the one的复数形式the ones，替代“the+复数名词”，在口语中也常用those代替。当后面有of短语时，多用that或those；当有前置修饰语时，只能用one(s)。另外，one(s), the one(s), those都只能替代可数名词。如：
Radios are useful for me to learn English. I’d like to buy one
.收音机对我学英语很有用，我想买一台。(one替代a radio，是泛指收音机这类东西中的一台)
We still have shortcomings，and they are very big ones too. 我们还有缺点，而且是很大的缺点。(ones替代shortcomings) We kept seats for those who might arrive late.
我们给可能来晚的人留了座位。(those=the ones替代the persons)
Waves of red light are about twice as long as those of blue light. 红色光线的波长约为蓝色波长的两倍。(those替代the waves)
The population of Scotland was eight times as large as that of Cornwall.
苏格兰的人口是康沃尔人口的八倍。(that替代不可数名词the population，不能用the one)
Correct the mistakes in the following sentences:
1. --- Do you haven’t an English-Chinese dictionary? --- Yes, I have it.
2. The language used in advertisements differs from one used in ordinary readings.
3. The colour of his jacket is better than mine.
4. --- Does she have a bike? --- Yes, she has a one.
5. --- I saw only one motorcar in that shop. Will you go and buy one?
--- No, I would rather find it in other shops.
Keys: 1 it--- one 2 one --- that 3 mine--- that of mine
4 删a 5 one--- it
Multiple choice
1. --- There must be a dozen pens in the house but I can never find _______ when
I need ______.
--- Keep looking. ______ is sure to turn up.
A. one; one; One B. it; one; It C. one; it; This D. a one; one; The one 2. --- Can I help you?
--- I’d like to buy a present for my father’s birthday, _______ at a proper price, but
of great use.
A. that B. one C. any one D. the one
3. Maybe it is true that we do not know what we have got until we lose ______ . A. one B. that C. it D. the one
4. The environment in this faraway town is as pleasant as ________ in the coastal city.
A. one B. it C. them D. that
5. The best job is _______ which uses your skill in doing something together with your interest in the subject.
A. that B. the one C. one D. it
6. --- What do you think of the furniture on exhibition?
--- Well, great! But I don’t think much of ________ you bought. A. the one B. it C. that D. which
7. A cake made of wheat costs less than ________ made of rice.
A. one B. that C. a one D. the one
8. As they are retired, they prefer to buy a house in the country to spend their late years to _____ in a large city.
A. one B. that C. the one D. it Keys: 1 --- 8 ABCDCCAA
it,one,ones,that,those的区别用法
为使表达简洁明了，我们常用 it， one， ones， that， those 等替代词来替代前面已经出现的名词。从近几年的高考英语情况来看，考查替代词的用法和区别一直是一个热点。本文拟就以上几个最重要的替代词的用法作一小结，同时为同学们归纳一些
使用技巧，希望对大家有所帮助。
一、替代表泛指的单数名词
替代表泛指的单数名词，通常用 one。如： Two heads are better than one. 两人智慧胜一人。
I lost my old camera; this is a new one. 我的旧相机丢了，这是一架新的。 Did you get a ticket?—Yes， I managed to get one. 你搞到票了吗?——是的，我设法搞到了一张。
注：若 one 前没有形容词的修饰，则其前不能有不定冠词。比较：
I’m looking for a flat. I’d like a small one with a garden. 我正在找一套公寓，想找一套小的带花园的。
I’m looking for a flat. I’d like one with a garden. 我正在找一套公寓，想找一套带花园的。（不能说：... a one with a garden.）
没有形容词修饰的 one 前不能用不定冠词，但可用 another。如：
This pen doesn’t work. I must buy another one. 这支钢笔坏了，我要另买一支了。 另外，注意它与表特指的 it 的区别。如：
Can you lend me a pen?—Sorry. I haven’t got one. 你能借给我一支钢笔吗?——对不起，我没有钢笔。
Can I borrow your pen?—Sorry， I’m using it. 我能借用你的钢笔吗?——对不起，我自己正在用。
二、替代表特指的单数名词
替代表特指的单数名词，可用 it， that， the one。三者的区别是：
1. 替代单数可数名词时，三者均可用；替代不可数名词时，不能用 the one，而要用 it 或 that。此时 it 与 that 的区别是：表示同一事物时，用it；表示同类事物时，用 that 或 the one。如：
The weather here is too cold. I don’t like it. 这儿的天气太冷了，我不喜欢这儿的天气。（it 在此指前面提到的 the weather）
The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Guangzhou. 北京的天气比广州冷。（that 在此指代的天气与前面提到的天气为同类）
My uncle bought me a dictionary and I like it very much. 我叔叔给我买了一本词典，我非常喜欢它。（it 在此就是指前面提到的叔叔给我买的词典）
Your dictionary is more useful than the one my uncle gave me. 你这本词典比我叔叔 叔给我的那本词典更有用。（the one 在此表示与前面提到的词典为同类） 2. 替代事物时，三者均可用；替代人时，只能用 the one。如：
Who is her husband?—The one by the window. 哪位是她的丈夫？——窗户边的那一位。
注：当要替代性别不明的婴儿时可用 it。
3. 当有前置定语修饰时，只能用 the one。如：
Which do you want?—The red one. 你想要哪个?——那个红的。
She would rather have the small one than the large one. 她宁愿要小的，不要大的。 4. 当有后置定语修饰时，通常用 the one。如：
My room is better than the one next door. 我的房间比隔壁房间好。 He said he would have the one near him. 他说要靠近他的那一个。 Is that the one that was published recently? 是最近出版的那一种吗? Here are six rings. Pick out the one you like best. 这里有六枚戒指，选出你最喜欢的一枚。
但是，若后置定语为 of 引起的介词短语，则通常用 that。如：
The population of China is much larger than that of Japan. 中国人口比日本人口多得多。
A grandparent’s job is easier than that of a parent. 祖父母的任务比父母的任务要轻松一些。
三、替代表泛指的复数名词
替代表泛指的复数名词，通常用 ones。如：
Hard beds are healthier than soft ones. 硬板床比软床有利于健康。
Green apples often taste better than red ones. 青苹果往往比红苹果好吃。
We can lend you plastic chairs or metal ones. 我们可以借给你塑料椅子或者金属椅子。
These chairs have the great advantage of being much cheaper than conventional ones. 这些椅子具有比普通椅子便宜得多的优势。
四、替代表特指的复数名词
替代表特指的复数名词，通常用 the ones。如：
I’d like to try on those shoes. The ones at the front of the window. 我想试试那双鞋子。橱窗里前边的那一双。
Are they the ones who moved here recently? 是最近搬到这儿来的那些人吗?
Don’t buy the expensive apples; get the cheaper ones. 别买那价钱贵的苹果，买那便宜的。
注：在口语中，也可用 those 来替代表特指的复数名词，尤其是当其后有 of 引导的介词短语或 who 引导的定语从句修饰时。如：
Waves of red light are about twice as long as those of blue light. 红色光线的波长约为蓝色光线波长的两倍。
Those of you who wish to go on the trip may sign up here. 你们中间想参加这次游览的人可以在这里签名。
His ideas are little different from those of his friends. 他的想法和他朋友的想法没什么两样。
Students who do well in examinations are those ［the ones］ who ask questions in class. 考试成绩好的都是上课爱提问的学生。
五、几点重要的补充说明
1. 当替代词 one / ones 紧跟在形容词最高级、序数词以及 this， that， these， those， which， either， neither， another 等限定词之后时，通常可以省略。如： I think my dog’s the fastest （one）. 我想我的狗是跑得最快的（一只）。 Either （one） will suit me. （这两个当中）哪一个对我都合适。 Let’s have another （one）. 咱们再来一个吧。
She looked at each（one） carefully before she chose. 她仔细地看了看每一个，然后才挑选。
Which （one） would you like?—That （one） looks the nicest. 您要哪一个?——看起来那个最好。
2. 复数形式的 ones 之前一般不直接用名词所有格、物主代词、数词以及 some， any， both， several， dozen， own 等词修饰。如：
Have you got any drawing-pins? Can I borrow some please? 你有图钉吗?我能借一些吗? （不能说：... some ones ...）
Do you have any new diaries?—We don’t have any at the moment. 你有没有新的日记本?——我们眼下一本也没有了。（不能说：... any ones ...）
Do question 1 or question 2， but not both. 第1题和第2题选做一道，但不要两道都做。（不能说：... both ones.）
He has three dictionaries and I have only two. 他有三本词典，但我只有两本。（不能说：... two ones.）
注：如果 ones 前有描绘性形容词修饰，则可以使用上述词语。如： 误：her ones / some ones / any ones / five ones / your own ones
正：her red ones / some new ones / any old ones / five bad ones / your own nice ones 在美国英语中，ones 不能紧跟在 these 和 those 之后。但是在英国英语中可以这样用（也不常见）。
3. 当一个名词受另一个名词修饰时，通常不宜用 one（s）来替代。如：
Do you need coffee cups or tea cups? 你们需要咖啡杯还是要茶杯? （不能说：... or tea ones? ）
但若一个名词受表材料的名词修饰，可用 one（s） 替代。如：
We can lend you plastic chairs or metal ones. 我们可以借给你塑料椅子或者金属椅子。
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