PETS3写作必备词汇（分类整理版）
（一）关于教育
1. awareness n. 意识。
environment awareness 环保意识 2. cultivate vt. 培养，培育。
cultivate a sense of competition/ responsibility 竞争意识/责任意识; cultivate critical thinking培养辩证思维
3. physical adj. 身体的；物质的。
physical exercise 体育锻炼；physical sciences 自然学科 4. mental adj. 心理的；精神的。
mental Health 心理健康； mental State 精神状态 5. creative adj. 有创造力的。
creativity n. 创造力。creative thinking skills 创造性思维 6. scholarship n. 奖学金
7. acquire vt. 获得。同义词：gain
Acquire/gain a better understanding of … 对…更加了解
Acquire/gain knowledge/skills/hand-on experience 获得知识/技能/亲身经验 8. discipline n. 纪律。
school discipline 校纪，学校纪律；abide strictly by discipline 严格恪守纪律
9. scope of knowledge知识面; enlarge one`s view拓展眼界; broaden one`s horizons拓展视野 10. multimedia teaching多媒体教学
11. enrich the teaching method丰富教育手段 12. enlighten vt. 启迪，启发。
enlighten us about creativity 启发创造力 13. inspire vt. 激发，鼓舞，唤起。
to inspire enthusiasm in somebody激发某人的热情 14. exam-oriented education应试教育 15. compulsory education义务教育 16. quality Education素质教育 17. vocational education职业教育 18. distance education远程教育
19. develop our creative mind培养我们创造性思维 20. access n. 接近，接触。
have quick and easy access to new things迅速容易地接触新鲜事物 21. rote learning死记硬背 22. grasp n. 掌握，熟知。
Have a solid grasp of computer skills 熟练掌握计算机技能 23. stimulate vt. 激发，刺激。
stimulate one`s interest激发了…的兴趣; stimulate sb to study hard激励某人努力学习 24. cultivation of innovative talents 创新人才培养 25. tap one`s potential挖掘某人的潜能
（二）关于环境
1. car exhaust fumes 汽车尾气
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2. acid rain 酸雨；industrial waste工业废料 3. ozone hole 臭氧层空洞
4. emissions of carbon dioxide 二氧化碳排放；reduce the emission of greenhouse gases减少温室气体排放；greenhouse gases 温室气体 5. human activity 人类行为，人类活动
6. global warming 全球变暖；climate change 气候变化 7. discharge v. 排放，流出。
wastewater discharges/effluent discharge 污水排放； 8. exert vt. 发挥，施加影响，运用。
exert profound impacts on people and future generation 对人类及后代产生了深远的影响
9. worsen vi/vt. 变坏，恶化。同义：deteriorate v. 恶化 environmental deterioration环境恶化 10. environmental degradation环境恶化
11. protect/ preserve/conserve the environment 保护环境 12. environmentally-friendly 环境友好的 13. clean energy 清洁能源；renewable energy可再生能源；solar energy 太阳能；wind energy风能；nuclear power 核能
14. fossil fuels化石能源；coal 煤炭；petroleum/oil石油；natural gas 天然气 15. energy-saving lamp节能灯；节能 save energy 节约能源
16. means of transport 交通方式； public transportation vehicles 公共交通工具 17. the consciousness/awareness of environmental conservation 环境保护意识 18. energy-efficient 节能的
19. punish severely by the law 依法严惩 20. keep ecological balance保持生态平衡
21.plastic bags塑料袋；ban on free plastic bags禁止提供免费塑料袋 ；limiting the use of plastic bags限制塑料袋使用
22. adopt several strong measures to do 采取积极措施 23. sewage treatment污水治理 24. battery cars电动汽车
（三）关于科技
1. scientific invention科学发明
2. sophisticated equipment尖端设备 3. a double-edged sword双刃剑 4. technical innovation科技创新 5. on a global scale 在全球范围内
6. Virtual Reality Technology(VR)虚拟现实技术 7. earth-shaking changes翻天覆地的变化 8. change with each passing day日新月异 9. milestone里程碑
10.portable 便于携带的 11. usher in引领
12. negative effects负面影响 13. potential hazards潜在危险
14. over-commercialized过渡商业化的
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15. a heated discussion热烈的讨论 16. accelerate加速…
17. substitute取代；be replaced by …被…所取代 18. make progress取得进步
19. give a great push to the economic growth极大地推动了经济发展 20. potential market潜在市场 21. a pillar industry支柱产业
22. provide convenience for …为…提供便利
（四）关于社会
1.urbanization 城市化，城镇化；industrialization 工业化
2.centralization 集中化； urban crowding 城市人口集中； population explosion/boom人口爆炸；family planning/birth control控制人口
3.imbalance 不平衡； the disparity between the city and the countryside城乡差距 4. optimize allocation of resources 优化资源配置
5.infrastructure construction基础设施建设; urban construction 城市建设 6.booming economy 促进经济发展 ; 繁荣的经济 ; 经济蓬勃发展 7.tertiary industry 第三产业；service sector 服务业 8.tranquility 宁静; pastoral life 田园生活
9.revenue 税收; government spending政府开支 10.commercialization 商业化
11.traffic congestion/jam 交通拥挤 12.water scarcity/shortage 水短缺
13.the environmental pollution 环境污染; hazy weather 雾霾天气 14.over-industrialization 过度工业化 15.over-crowdedness 过度拥挤 16.unemployment rate 失业率 17. distribution of wealth 财富分配 18.social unrest 社会动荡
19. traffic volume 交通量，交通流量 20.population explosion 人口激增 21.a rising crime rate 犯罪率上升 22. skyscrapers摩天大楼
23.offer more job opportunities 提供更多的就业机会
24.a rapid pace of life 快节奏生活； create alienation between people导致人与人之间疏远 25.stress-related illnesses 与压力有关的疾病 26.high cost of living 高额生活费用 27. city planners 城市规划者
28. short-sighted policy缺乏远见的政策
29.social welfare 社会福利 disposable income 可支配收入 30. job/employment opportunities 就业机会 31.urban sprawl 城市扩张
32.convenient transportation means 便捷的交通工具 33.better medical services 更好的医疗服务
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34.pressure of modern life in city 城市生活压力 35. stress-included disease 由于压力导致的疾病 36. a feasible measure 一种可行的措施 37.on the brink of … 处于…边缘
38.pollutant 污染性物质; waste disposal 废物处理 39. poverty-stricken/impoverished贫穷的 40. wealthy/ affluent/well-off富裕的 41. vicious cycle 恶性循环
42.ways of consumption 消费方式 43.suffer heavy losses 遭受重大损失 44. breed crimes 滋生犯罪
45. help-the-poor programme 扶贫计划；Poverty Relief Office 扶贫办公室
（五）关于旅游
1. tourist attractions/spots旅游景点; cultural heritage文化遗产 2. attract tourists吸引游客
3. carry forward national cultural弘扬民族文化 4. promote cultural communication促进文化交流 5. create employment opportunities创造就业机会 6. first-hand experience亲身体验
7. seclude/isolate the tourists from the locals把游客和当地人隔离 8. tourist traps欺骗游客的手段
9. over-commercialized过度商业化的 10. metropolitan city/metropolis大都会 11. tourist season旅游旺季
12. a well-known historic and cultural city历史文化名城 13. souvenirs纪念品 14. travel agency旅行社
15. wondrous spectacle天下奇观; famous scenic spots and places of historical interest名胜古迹; ancient architectural complex古建筑群; summer resort避暑胜地 16. forced purchase强迫购物 17. historical relics历史文物 18. natural landscape自然景观
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PETS3写作必备短语
1. exert profound impacts on 对…产生深远影响
同义：exert an influence on ; have an effect on
2. promote /stimulate the sustainable development of 促进…的可持续发展 3. benefit from… 从…中受益
反义：be afflicted by 受到….折磨；suffer from 遭受….；do harm for…. 危害… 4. make a proposal 提建议，提方案
同义： make a suggestion ; give advice 5. invest in… 对…..投资
同义：fund sth 资助….；sponsor sth 赞助… 6. cultivate sth 培养…..
cultivate awareness, morality, interest….. 培养意识，道德，兴趣等 7. have a solid grasp of… 牢固掌握…..
8. have access to…. 获取….，使用…..，接近……
同义：be easily accessible to …. …..可以被人们方便的获取 9. shoulder the responsibility 承担责任
同义：be responsible for 10. help sb to do 帮助某人做….
11. increase/enhance/improve efficiency of….. 提高…的效率 12. enable sb to do 使某人有能力做….
allow sb to do 允许某人做….. 13. endow sb with…. 赋予某人…..
14. relieve the stress/burden on sb 减轻某人的压力/负担
反义：impose a heavy burden on sb 给某人添加了沉重的负担； put pressure on… 给某人带来压力 15. achieve one's aim 实现目标
同义：realize the goal ；come true实现 16. unlock/develop/tap your potential 开发潜能
反义：constrain/limit/restrict sb`s creativity 限制创造力 17. announce a ban on ... 宣布对 ... 的禁令
反义：lift a ban/ nullify a prohibition解除禁令 18. rely on/ depend on 依赖，依靠
反义：be independent of… 不依赖…； reduce dependence on 减少对…的依赖 19. lay a solid foundation for… 为… 打下坚实的基础
同义：lay the groundwork for… 为….打下基础；pave a way for… 为… 铺下道路 20. offer sb sth 提供某人….
同义：provide sb with sth 21. be laden with anxiety 忧心忡忡
同义：be extremely worried about 22. take part in 参与….
同义：participate in doing
反义：be indifferent to sth 对…漠不关心
23. strengthen contacts/ties/links with…. 加强与….的联系
反义：weaken
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24. result in 导致….
同义：lead to ; bring about ; give rise to 25. prevent sth/ sb from doing 阻止某人做某事
反义：encourage sb to do 鼓励做….；give sb an incentive to do 给某人动力做…. 26. as time goes on 随着时间的推移
同义：With the passage of time
27. With the advent of the computer age，….. 随着计算机时代的来临
同义：With the rapid development of….. 随着… 的发展 28. take steps 采取措施
同义：take action ; adopt measures
29. adapt oneself to the development of …… 适应…的发展 30. be accustomed to sth/doing 习惯于做某事
同义：be used to doing 习惯于做某事
31. Faced with/ be confronted with/in the face of …. 面对….. （位于句首）
同义：face；confront 32. be impartial to 公平的
同义：treat sth/sb fairly 公平对待某人某事 33. widen the gap 增大差距
同义：gap=difference=discrepancy
反义：narrow the gap between the rich and poor 34. used to do 过去做…..(现在不做了)
注意：区分be used to doing 习惯于做某事 35. live an unhealthy lifestyle 生活方式不健康 36. be addicted to….. 对….上瘾
37. be exposed to …. 暴露于…./接触….. 38. put the blame on…. 归咎于…
同义：….is to blame；be attributable to….. 归因为….. 39. be vulnerable to temptation 易于受到诱惑 40. give special care to … 给予…特殊关照
同义：care for…..关心
41. give priority to … 优先考虑…
同义：A take priority over B A比B更优先 42. in the long run 从长远角度而言
同义：From a long-term perspective 43. lay more emphasis on…把重心放在…
同义：emphasize the important role of…. 强调….的重要性 44. compared to/with…与…相比 45. conflict with …与…相冲突
46. make a concerted effort to do 联合行动
同义：take joint action to do 联合行动；make concerted effort 共同努力
47. take a skeptical/positive/negative attitude to….. 持有怀疑的/积极的/消极的态度 48. disagree with sb 与某人意见相左
同义：have a different view, disagree in opinions 49. satisfy/meet the needs/demands of满足…..需求
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50. achieve/maintain a balance between man and nature 保持人与自然之间的平衡 51. value A over B 把A的价值看得比B还高 52. be reluctant to do 自愿做某事 53. facilitate sth 使某事便利
54. ….has been on the rise in recent years 近年来，…的发生越来越多
同义：the rate of … has been increasing in recent years. 55. overcome/get over the difficulty of ….. 克服….困难
同义：tackle the problem 解决问题；address the root cause of….. 从根源上解决….. 56. fight against 与….作斗争
同义：combat sth
57. pose a threat to ….. 对…..构成威胁
同义：threaten sth 威胁到…. 58. impose a ban on sth 禁止….
同义：prohibit sth
59. pay the price 付出代价
同义：do sth at the expense/cost of …. 做某事付出…代价
60. Recent weeks have seen tentative signs of recovery, ….. 最近几周开始出现回暖迹象，…(位
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同义：show no sign of improving 没有出现改善迹象 61. from the point of view of…. 从….角度来看
同义：from the perspective of ……从….角度来看
from an economic perspective 从经济的角度来看 62. a variety of…. 多种多样的
同义：a wide array of…,a wide range of….
63. There are plenty of evidence to confirm that….. 足够的证据证实…..
反义：there is little evidence to confirm that…… 几乎没有证据可以证实….. 64. place strict regulations on sth 对….进行严格的规范管理 65. play a key role in sth/doing sth 在..中起到重要的作用
66. go against/ in conflict with socialist core values 与社会主义核心价值观相悖 67. be viewed as .被视为是…
同义：be regarded as ; be considered as 68. take sth into account 对某事加以考虑
同义：take sth into consideration; think it over
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