Language Focus – Words in Use 1. The \"discipline\" message asks people to save, while the \"enjoy yourself\" message asks people to spend; therefore, they (contradict) each other.
2. It is a(n) (paradox) that in some odd way world peace appears to depend on our spending millions of pounds on weapons that can kill us all.
3. It is far more effective for parents to allow for the child's (perspective) and let him make his own choice rather than make a decision for him.
4. When you are writing any directions for people, you've got to be direct and (explicit) to make everything rightly understood.
5. The new teaching program was (suspended) last semester because the teachers in the department protested its demand for more intense work.
6. He is a very considerate and generous person, and he is also one of those who can often (derive) pleasure from helping others.
7. Many children are addicted to computers, so they often (defy) their parents and play the computer games for hours every day.
8. My roommate is always very optimistic, and that's why he still (retains) his good humor after all the setbacks.
9. There is a widely held suspicion that the politician, though retired, still has great power and is (manipulating) events behind the scenes.
10. The organization has been working with local authorities as well as regional government and officials to (tackle) the problem of climate.
Word Building 1. browse 2. message 3. consumer 4. negotiate 5. object 6. react
7. constitute 8. cultivate 9. define 10. expand
11. concentration 12. civilization 1. browser 2. messenger 3. consume 4. negotiation 5. objection 6. reaction 7. constitution 8. cultivation 9. definition 10. expansion 11. concentrate 12. civilize
1. Public opinion was becoming more (concentrated) on environmental pollution problems; more and more people were discussing and arguing about them.
2. Martin Luther King is a(n) (messenger) who worked for peace; he has shown the Western world that a struggle can be waged without violence.
3. Every man ought not to steal, cheat, or destroy the property of others. There is no place for this sort of behavior in a(n) (civilized) society. 4. The right to pursue happiness is promised to Americans by the US (Constitution) , but nowadays no one seems quite sure what exactly is meant by happiness.
5. You will need to replace your old (browser) and install a new one. You will need this new software to view web pages. 6. Rock music appealed to Sandy so much that she turned up the volume on her player, paying no attention to her father's (objection) .
7. As a college student, you should learn things extensively and aim for a(n) (expansion) of knowledge well beyond your area of specialization.
8. Because women care much about their appearance and restrict their diet in an effort to control weight, they may not (consume) enough iron-rich food.
9. The problem is that most students don't really know the exact (definition) of plagiarism (剽窃) or its consequences, so they don't consider it a serious crime. 10. Garden (cultivation) of roses began about 5,000 years ago. They were used at celebrations, for medical purposes, and as a source of perfume.
11. The talks next week will focus one economic development of the region and our immediate (reaction) to the ever-worsening condition of the environment.
12. The (negotiation) on the trade disputes between the two super large companies went on for years as neither side would give in.
Banked Cloze
To spend or save is a question which many people have. There is always a(n) (1) (dilemma) whether one should spend the money that he has earned or save that money for the future. Well, there is no (2) (explicit) answer to the question as different people have different (3) (perspectives) on their life, and that is the reason why some people tend to spend all the money earned while others (4) (retain) control over their money. People who spend all the money do not think much about the future. The only thing that they enjoy doing most is to (5) (derive) pleasure from spending money. For example, if they like a particular car, mobile phone or laptop, they will buy it without giving it a thought. For them, the most important thing is to satisfy their material (6) (appetite). People who have their first job or who haven't married often fall in this category. In the long run, saving is a good (7) (option) for one's life as saving helps an individual to plan for future (8) (urgent) needs. That is also the reason why many people save money for a rainy day. Individuals who can (9) (suspend) their spending save money successfully. Instead of buying on impulse, they delay their purchasing decision and won't be easily (10) (manipulated) by commercial ads. Individuals who have responsibility for their family belong to this category.
Language Focus – Expressions in Use
1. People who work in offices are (referred to) as \"white-collar workers\" for the simple reason that they traditionally wear a white shirt with a collar and a tie to go to work.
2. When the police arrived, he had already destroyed the evidence that was (at odds with) his earlier statement made a few hours ago.
3. In order to persuade his daughter to (put off) the marriage, the father quoted statistics showing mixed-race couples had higher divorce rates than same-race couples. 4. The mother made the decision to give cough medicine and Aspirin to her sick child without (consulting with) the child's doctor. 5. Both professional experts and school teachers say that children tend to (do their utmost) when they see their parents making similar efforts.
6. As she entered the most dynamic period of her career, Kylie (took stock of) her success and tried to analyze the strong impact of her college education.
7. The chief executive George Grey is confident that current growth levels can be maintained since all the group's development projects stay (on track) .
8. It is very important for students to understand and (take in) new information. Besides, they should examine and judge information carefully and then make the right decisions.
Translation
英译汉
The Age of Discovery, also called the Age of Exploration, is a historical period of European global exploration that started in the early 15th century and continued until the 18th century. It is usually regarded as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern era, in the context of emerging western imperialism and economic competition between European kingdoms seeking wealth through the establishment of trade routes and colonies. Among many great explorers during this period, the most outstanding one was Christopher Columbus since he discovered the New World. European overseas expansion led to the rise of colonial empires, with the contact between the Old and New Worlds producing the exchange: a wide transfer of plants, animals, foods, culture, and so forth. This represented one of the most significant global events concerning ecology, agriculture, and culture in history. European exploration allowed the global mapping of the world, resulting in a new world-view and distant civilizations acknowledging each other.
大发现年代，也被称为大勘探年代，是欧洲进行全球勘查的一个历史时期，始于15世纪初并一直持续到18世纪。这一时期通常被认为是中世纪和近代之间的桥梁，当时西方帝国主义刚兴起，欧洲各王国之间正在经济上互相竞争，他们想通过建立贸易路线和殖民地来寻找财富。在这一时期众多伟大的探险家中，最杰出的是克里斯托弗•哥伦布，因为他发现了新大陆。欧洲的海外扩张导致了殖民帝国的崛起，旧大陆与新大陆的接触也促成了两边的互相交换：大量的植物、动物、食物、文化等得到迁移。这代表了历史上生态、农业和文化在全球范围内最重大的活动之一。欧洲大勘探让绘制全球性的世界地图成为可能，从而使人们看到一个新的世界与古老的文明正遥相呼应。
汉译英
丝绸之路（Silk Road）是我国古代一条连接中国和欧亚大陆（Eurasia）的交通线路，由于这条商路以丝绸贸易为主，故称\"丝绸之路\"。作为国际贸易的通道和文化交流的桥梁， 丝绸之路有效地促进了东西方经济文化交流和发展，对世界文明进程有着深远影响。当前，在新的历史条件下，我国提出了\"一带一路\"（One Belt, One Road）（即\"丝绸之路经济带\"和\"21世纪海上丝绸之路\"）的战略构想。\"一带一路\"以合作共赢为核心，强调相关各国的互利共赢和共同发展。这一战略一经提出即受到沿线各国的积极响应。
The Silk Road is a traffic route in the ancient times connecting China and Eurasia. This trade route focuses on the trade of silk, hence the name “the Silk Road”. As an international trade channel and a bridge of cultural exchanges, the Silk Road effectively improved the economic and cultural exchanges and development between the East and the West, exerting a profound impact on the progress of the world civilization. Nowadays, under the new historical circumstances, our country proposes the strategy of “One Belt, One Road” (namely the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-century Maritime Silk Road). The strategy of “One Belt, One Road” focuses on cooperation and mutual benefits, emphasizing mutual benefits, win-win, as well as common development of the related countries. Once proposed, the strategy has received positive responses from the related countries along the road.
Unit 5 – Section B
Understanding the text
1 D 2 A 3 B 4 C 5 D 6 A 7 C 8 C
Language Focus – Words in Use
1. Leaders in Europe, where most nations already (prohibited) human cloning, began examining the moral implications of cloning other species.
2. There are websites where students can (submit) math homework problems to a math expert and message boards where students with very specific needs can help each other. 3. It appears that enough sleep is of crucial importance to health; with a few extra hours of uninterrupted sleep, your health situation could have been (remedied) . 4. Since the country didn't get along with the US, Washington (imposed) economic sanctions on this country, so its economy has gone into a steep decline. 5. People's Daily offers more news both at home and abroad, and its special emphasis on international events is a prominent (feature) that can never escape our attention. 6. The government is to launch a new building program in an attempt to solve the housing (crisis) , but they still face enormous other problems.
7. According to the news media, the fifth generation computers, with (artificial) intelligence, are being developed and perfected right now. 8. Although there might be some other reasons, the (principal) reason for my recent job change was that I found it difficult to get along well with my boss.
9. A study (issued) by the University of Washington shows that a lack of academic achievement is closely linked to improper behavior in the students' social environment.
10. Emily Dickinson, the great American poet, (isolated) herself from society and was living a normal New England village life only with her family.
Language Focus – Expressions in Use
1. Research shows that an increasing number of people in the high-powered jobs such as financial sectors are (suffering from) fatigue and stress-related illness. 2. The government should advocate a campaign to improve morality and let people be aware of morality and do things (in accordance with) it. 3. Mr. Jacob (shrugged off) the criticism, claiming he was working for the taxpayers in general, not for special-interest groups and politicians.
4. Although all California high school graduates ought to (be entitled to) an education at the California State University, many cannot afford the ever-rising cost of tuition.
5. Since quite a few people have become successful without much education, many students perceive it as a good reason not to (care about) getting a college degree. 6. Hearing about the sudden death of her husband in the traffic accident, she began to scream high, sharp screams that (tore at) her chest and hurt her throat.
7. Fortunately, I soon got (access to) the necessary equipment, learned the technology from a friend, and participated in the virtual classroom five days a week. 8. It has been so cold and windy for more than 10 days that gardening has been (out of the question) , so we have to put it off until the weather gets better and warmer.
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