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2021高考英语阅读之长难句分析与练习（九）
Exercise 1：长难句分析 1. I don’t know what your expectations are of London, but knowing that you’ve never travelled outside of Asia, I thought I’d tell you a bit about what you can expect to find.
【句式翻译】 【句式分析】 【词语点拨】expect v.期望；预期
如果你要做能力达不到的事，就别指望成功。
西湖的春景要比他所预想的更加美丽。 【语法点拨】1）doing可以作主语：
①很多情况下，相当于to do，有时也可用it 作形式主语。常用doing作主语的句型： It is no good/use doing…做……没用 It is useless doing…做……没用 It is worthwhile doing…做……是值得的
It is useless trying to persuade Miss Li to accept our advice. 劝说李小姐接受我们的建议是没有用的。
②如果doing有自己的逻辑主语，doing前可以用形容词性的物主代词或名词所有格来修饰。如：
汤姆/他来晚了让经理很生气。
③to do和doing做主语的区别：to do常表示具体的某一动作; doing表示泛指或一般的抽象的概念时，多用动名词。如：
骑自行车是很好的运动; 而且还不污染环境。
2. The best way to get rid of a negative serf-image is to realize that your image is far from objective, and to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities.
【句式翻译】 【句式分析】 【词语点拨】far from 远离；远非，远远不是
他昨天做的的工作远非十全十美。
这药非但不镇咳，反而使我咳嗽得更厉害。 2）convince vt. 使信服；常用于以下结构： ①convince sb of sth 使某人相信某事。如：
你需要让你的老板相信你有做这份工作的能力。 ②convince sb to do 说服某人做某事
我用了很长时间才说服他和我一起去。 ③convince sb+that从句 使某人相信
我设法使朋友相信我不想伤害他。 【语法点拨】1）不定式to do作定语： 2）不定式to do作表语： ① 说明主语的具体内容。如：
我唯一的愿望是为公众做些事。 ② 表示不可避免将要发生的事。如：
这个发现将对我们的生活产生重大影响。
③不定式作表语，且主语部分有all, what, only或是最高级形容词修饰的名词和实义动词do时，作表语的不定式可省去to。如：
现在你所需要的是好好休息。
3. In setting out its plans for a five-term year, Nottingham City Council is
seeking to reduce the summer holiday down to four and a half weeks, with a more balanced five terms of roughly eight weeks, each followed by a two-week break.
【句式翻译】 【句式分析】
【词语点拨】1) seek vt. & vi.寻找；探索；寻求；固定短语：seek for 寻找；寻求；seek after寻求
理查德寻找机会与她说话。
我们寻求这个问题的答案，可是没能找到。
大多数人都追求财富; 但所有的人都希望获得幸福。 一个人不应当只贪图安逸，追名逐利。
2）balance vt.平衡；权衡 balanced adj.平衡的，均衡的 我们必须权衡优劣，然后做出决定。
在溜冰时你得学会保持平衡。
均衡的饮食和有规律的锻炼对我们的健康很重要。 【语法点拨】1）不定式to do作宾语： 2）doing作宾语：
①介词后常接doing作宾语，如：
她没说什么就离开了房间。
②有些动词或短语后只能跟动名词作宾语，这类词有：finish, imagine, fancy, insist on, enjoy, escape, consider, can’t help（禁不住）, admit, avoid, mind, miss, practise, keep, resist, appreciate, put off＝delay, suggest, advise, allow, permit, forbid, ban, prohibit, forgive, excuse, risk, tolerate, recommend, stand, feel like, look
forward to, prefer…to…等。如：
他承认拿了手表。
. 尽管她很喜欢他, 但她并不打算嫁给他。 ③
begin，start，like，prefer, hate后既可接to do也可接doing作宾语，意
思差别不大，如：
他喜欢打篮球。
④ stop，try，go on, remember, forget, mean, regret后面用doing或to do 不定式,意思不一样。
stop doing停止做 stop to do停下来开始做 try doing试一试做 try to do尽力做，企图做
go on doing继续做（同一件事） go on to do继续做（不同的事） remember doing 记着做了 remember to do记着要做 forget doing忘记做了 forget to do忘记要做 mean doing意味着 mean to do打算做 regret doing后悔做了 regret to do遗憾要做 比较：
我忘记了曾教过学生们这些词。（已经教过）
我忘了教学生们这些词。（未教）
Exercise 2：阅读练习
Questioning the existence of aliens is something that scientists have done for decades.In fact,most people do believe that aliens exist in some fashion.The main necessities for life are water and some forms of energy source.Not surprisingly,there are some planets,exoplanets and moons that fit the bill.Here are several best chances at finding life in the universe.
◆TRAPPIST-1
TRAPPIST-1 is a planetary system a few dozen light years away,whose discovery was announced in early 2017.This system consists of seven earth-like exoplanets orbiting an “ultra-cool” star,and it is one of our shots at finding possible life beyond our own solar system.
◆Titan
Titan is the largest moon of Saturn,the sixth planet from our Sun.This moon could potentially harbor life but possibly not in the sense that we think.Titan does not exactly fit the description of being in a typical habitable zone.Titan has water,and it has liquid.It just doesn’t have liquid water.The water on this moon is completely solid because of the extremely cold temperature.
◆Europa
Europa is one of Jupiter’s moons here in our own solar system.It is another candidate due to its potential to hold liquid water.Europa is thought to have all the necessities for life including water,energy sources,and the right chemical build-up.
◆Mars
The Red Planet,the fourth from the Sun,is probably one of the most talked-about potential candidates for extraterrestrial(地球外的) life and even for human colonization.Despite some different voices,finding extraterrestrial life on Mars is really a serious possibility.We know by now that we won’t find little green men or any intelligent form of life that we understand.However,there is evidence that there was and may still be microscopic life on the red planet. 1.The common point of these celestial bodies(天体) is that .
A.solid water exists on them respectively B.life might exist on each of them C.they all contain liquid water D.each of them has living things on it
2.Which celestial body could have life different from human imagination?
A.TRAPPIST-1. B.Titan. C.Europa.
D.Mars.
3.What do we know from the passage?
A.Europa is the most talked-about potential candidate for extraterrestrial life.
B.TRAPPIST-1 is the only body that contains life beyond the solar system. C.All the scientists do believe that aliens exist in some manner. D.There is proof that life existed on the celestial body Mars.
参考答案
1.【句式翻译】我不知道您对伦敦有什么期望，但我知道您从未到过亚洲以外的地方旅行，所以，我想告诉你一点关于你期望找到的东西。
【句式分析】本句是有并列连词but连接的复合句,同时包含有四个从句，what your expectations are…，that you’ve never travelled…，I’d tell you和what you can…都是宾语从句；knowing…和to find…在句中分别作主语和宾语。
You can’t expect to succeed if you attempt tasks above your ability. The beauties of the West Lake in spring were beyond his expectation. It is useless trying to persuade Miss Li to accept our advice. Tom’s/his coming late made the manager very angry.
Bicycling is a good exercise; moreover, it doesn’t pollute the air. 2.【句式翻译】摆脱负面的自我形象的最好办法是意识到你的形象远远不是客观的，同时主动地使你相信自己的积极的品质。
【句式分析】本句是复合句，that your image is…是宾语从句，to get rid of…在句中作定语，to realize… 和to actively convince…是并列成分，作表语。
The work he did yesterday is far from perfect.
Far from relieving my cough, the medicine made it worse. You need to convince your boss of your ability to do the job. It took me a long time to convince him to go with me.
I managed to convince my friend that I didn’t mean to hurt him. My only wish is to do something for the public. The discovery is to have a great effect on our life. All you need to do now is have a good rest.
3.【句式翻译】诺丁汉城市委员会设立了一个计划，将一学年划分为五学期，并将暑假的时间减少为四周半，这样一来，五个学期均有八周的时间，每个学期之后都有两周的休息时间。
【句式分析】本句是简单句，Nottingham City Council作主语，is seeking作谓语，each followed by a two-week break是独立主格结构，setting out…和to reduce…在句中宾语。
Richard sought to speak to her.
We sought an answer to the question, but couldn’t find one. Most men seek for wealth; all men seek for happiness.
One mustn’t only seek after comfort, personal fame and gains.
We have to balance the good points against the bad and then make a decision. You must learn to keep your balance while skating.
A balanced diet and regular exercise are both important for our health. She left the room without saying a word. 她没说什么就离开了房间。 He admitted taking the watch.
Much as she likes him, she would never consider marrying him. He likes playing/to play basketball. I forgot teaching the students the words. I forgot to teach the students the words.
【语篇导读】科学家们对外星人的存在研究了数十年,本文介绍了人们一致认为的可能发现外星人的地方,包括土星最大的卫星泰坦、木卫二和火星等。
1.B细节理解题。根据第一段尾句“Here are several best chances at finding life in the universe.”并结合下文的介绍可知,生命体可能存在于文中提及的这些天体上,故B项正确。
2.B细节理解题。根据“Titan”部分的第二句“This moon could potentially harbor life but possibly not in the sense that we think.”可知,这颗卫星有可能会孕育生命,但可能不是我们所想的那样。据此可知,泰坦中的生命体可能和我们想象的不一样,故B项正确。
3.D 细节理解题。根据本文尾句“However,there is evidence that there was and may still be microscopic life on the red planet.”可知,有证据表明,在这颗红色的小星球
上曾经存在过或仍然存在着生命。据此可知,火星上有生命是有证据的,故D项正确。
【长难句分析】TRAPPIST-1 is a planetary system a few dozen light years away,whose discovery was announced in early 2017.
TRAPPIST-1是一个距地球几十光年的行星系,它于2017年初被宣布发现。
该句为主从复合句。句中的whose discovery was announced in early 2017为whose引导的非限制性定语从句,补充说明先行词TRAPPIST-1。
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